Virksomhedsøkonomi

Corporate finance plays a vital role in every business as it pertains to an array of financing and investment decisions. Where most corporate finance books provide tools for public companies, this book presents new approaches and methods for planning and valuing private firms. Chapters discuss how typical valuation methods may not be perfectly adaptable to private firms and their investment decisions: in particular showing how the widely used Capital Asset Pricing Model cannot be precisely applied for the estimation of cost of equity for private companies, and the limitations of market multiples which may not match individual company features.The book suggests new ways of financial forecasting that can be better tailored to private businesses, such as by exploiting the concept of financial breakeven based on debt serviceability that departs from the more traditionally used concept of the revenue-cost breakeven. Topics including financial planning, working capital management,the cost of capital, and valuation methods are all covered. This book will be of interest to consultants, analysts and accountants working in private firms, as well as academics and students who are interested in an empirical assessment of the role of corporate finance in private businesses versus larger public companies.

This book on entrepreneurial fundraising combines rigor and applicability to train current and prospective entrepreneurs in the financing processes. Through its diverse set of chapters, it reviews the latest financing tools and dynamics, the most pressing dilemmas as well as practical examples of ideal methods in the economic-financial management of startups. This book analyzes the financing methods available to entrepreneurs from a practical perspective. Expert authors also present insights on topics such as the role of incubators and accelerators in entrepreneurial fundraising; crowd-based entrepreneurial fundraising instruments; factoring, leasing and confirming for entrepreneurs; government grants, subsidies, and tax reliefs; business angels and venture capital firms; access to capital markets through initial public offerings; and financing with crypto-assets. The book concludes with a discussion on emerging issues in the entrepreneurial finance paradigm, namely transparency and legitimacy and corporate governance in startups; and, additionally, provides a practical toolkit for fundraising, with the main mistakes, how to win over investors, success stories, and resounding failures. The editors, with extensive experience in advising entrepreneurs from a professional and academic perspective, have made a considerable effort to draw a learning roadmap that can be especially useful for entrepreneurs. Therefore, the resulting book may be of great interest to entrepreneurs and anyone interested in learning more about the financing process for entrepreneurs.

This book explores diverse dimensions of innovation in business and finance from a micro as well as macro perspective through various case studies and analyses of trends. The previous decade is known as the era of digital transformation and innovation. The rise of new technologies is having an impact on the global trends and leading to innovation in business and finance. In this competitive market, businesses and financial institutions must be responsive to the trends in order to survive and thrive, governments must cope with the complex and uncertain environments by being smart, transforming service delivery, and implementing smart governance practices, and entrepreneurs and investors are faced with alternative sources of finance and investment.However, keeping up with these trends and innovations is fraught with its own set of challenges. Thus, it is important to analyze new and emerging technologies and innovations through a myriad of disciplinary lenses. This book not only expands conceptual understanding of digital transformation and innovation by presenting strong empirical evidence, but also by adding to the vigorous worldwide policy discussion on how to assist businesses in the digital transition. The book will be useful to scholars and researchers of business management, financial management, business economics, international business, human resources, and marketing. It will also be of interest to entrepreneurs, policymakers, academicians, and practitioners in the field.

As the population is growing and urbanization is progressing, higher numbers of people are exposed to disaster risks, especially in the developing countries. Climate change is further worsening the impacts of existing risks and introducing new ones. It is imperative that countries need to invest more in disaster risk reduction (DRR) as well as climate change adaptation (CCA) not only to minimize their impacts but also to build resilience.To date, various international arenas have recommended increasing investment in DRR. The Sendai Framework for DRR, adopted by the UN member states in 2015 during the Third UN World Conference on DRR, emphasizes investment as a priority for decreasing disaster risks and losses. The Yangon Declaration set the goal of doubling investment to address water-related disasters. However, most countries are not able to proactively invest enough in DRR. Understanding the current scale and estimate of investment and its effects is crucial for promoting DRR investment, but such information and estimates are rarely available.This book examines the current investment trends and issues in DRR and CCA. Based on specific case studies, field data and evidence, the book identifies challenges in increasing investment and recommends various investment policies and innovative approaches to sustainable progress towards a resilient future.Chapter 12  is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

Based on theoretical foundations and evidence-based case studies, this book identifies the fundamental motivations underpinning corporate fraud in both developing and developed countries. The book offers practical solutions in terms of monitoring and potentially preventing future corporate fraud activity. It is expected that uncovered corporate fraud negatively affects the public reputation, and financial performance of fraudulent firms. However, what is of more importance for fraudulent firms is how to regain the trust of customers, investors, and other stakeholders, as this impacts the long-term sustainability of businesses. Operational strategies, including reform, provide an effective channel for a fraudulent firm¿s business sustainability yet this notion remains unexplored in the literature. This authored research book argues that the choice of appropriate operational strategies is critical as they serve as an effective channel for fraudulent firms to re-gain the trust from customers and markets, re-establish their reputation, and enhance the firm¿s long-term value. The authors posit that there is no ¿one-size fits-all¿ approach because the choice of effective operational strategies is needed to acknowledge the significance of context such as industry type, economic conditions, legal frameworks as well as the firm¿s fraudulent characteristics.

This book provides acomprehensive introduction to the fundamental principles and concepts of finance, designed to equip studentswith the knowledge and skills necessary to understand and navigate the complex world of finance.At OpenStax,we believe in the power of open education and the importance of making educational resources accessible to all.That's why this book is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY) license. Thismeans that you have the freedom to distribute, remix, and build upon the content of this book, as long as youprovide attribution to OpenStax and its content contributors.We understand that every course has uniquerequirements, and that's why you are free to use the entire book or select specific sections that are most relevantto your needs. You can even customize your own version of this book, making it available to your students inlow-cost print or digital formats through your campus bookstore.For your convenience, we have also provided aweb view of the book, allowing you to link directly to specific sections in your syllabus. This flexibility empowersyou to tailor the content to suit your teaching preferences and the learning objectives of your course.Throughoutthe book, you will find various artworks that have been carefully selected to enhance your understanding of theconcepts presented. Most of these artworks include detailed attributions, including the title, creator or rightsholder, host platform, and license, within the caption. If you choose to reuse any of the artworks, please ensurethat you provide the same attribution to the original source. In cases where attribution is not provided in thetext, you can use the following attribution: Copyright Rice University, OpenStax, under CC BY 4.0 license.Westrive for accuracy and excellence in our textbooks. While our books undergo a rigorous review process, errorscan occasionally occur, and writing style guides may change over time. As a web-based resource, we have theability to make updates periodically to ensure the content remains up to date and pedagogically sound. If youcome across any errors or have suggestions for corrections, we encourage you to submit them through the linkon your book page on OpenStax.org. Our team of subject matter experts will review all suggestions, and we arecommitted to transparency by providing a list of past errata changes on your book pageWe hope that Principlesof Finance serves as a valuable resource in your journey to understand the principles that underpin the world offinance. OpenStax is dedicated to providing high-quality educational materials, and we are honored to be part ofyour learning experience.

Businesses, lawmakers, and politicians all face big challenges whenit comes to making data into an independent and strategic asset.Intereconomics and the well-known German Economic Institute (IW)put on a new meeting called "Data-Driven Economy" on June 17, 2019,in the busy city of Berlin. The main goal of this meeting was to learn moreabout the many challenges and chances that come with competition policy,new business models, and data control in the digital age.With the data-driven economy changing so quickly, it's hard to stressenough how important good regulations and policies are. Even thoughthe possible benexts are huge, making sure this revolution works for thegreater good will require improving a law and regulatory system that is oftennot very good. In a time when data is the currency of the digital world,regulators and lawmakers have to xnd the right miF between encouraginginnovation and protecting people's rights.Lrom a business point of view,it's important to set up useful tools like data markets so that data can beused as a valuable asset while keeping privacy and other ethical issues inmind.

¿Addressing a topic at the forefront of global interests in business and development, this book is the first comprehensive book in the world that addresses ESG wholistically. It combines academic and practical content through multidisciplinary analysis, integrating economics, statistics, finance, strategic management and mathematics with an African focus. The book argues that ESG is largely in the interest of the firms/companies themselves, in addition to benefitting the larger society in which they exist. It also makes it everyone's responsibility to play a part in addressing global climate challenges. Thus, the book views the survival of the corporations, economies and the larger societies as interlinked. It will be of interest to researchers, policymakers and business persons in and outside of Africa.

This book provides students with basic knowledge and advance skills for addressing practical challenges in valuation. First, the book presents financial information as a vital ingredient for performing corporate valuation. Second, the book presents key concepts of value and valuation and basic techniques for cash flow discounting. Third, the book offers an understanding of the reality of valuation, not simply as a numerical subject, as most people tend to think, but as a combination of objective and subjective aspects. Finally, it examines valuation in relation to the linkage between a firm¿s objective, management role in value creation, investors¿ decisions, and the valuation role of financial information. This book is designed and presented to make valuation easily accessible while also not diluting the nature of its complexity. To assist in the learning experience, the author provides illustrative case studies using real world data and review questions tocover all concepts. To assist professors, slides, Microsoft Excel illustrations, working data and sample syllabi are available online for download.

Share market is often changing. Share price will often change due to market environment factor influence, e.g. competitors, strategy change, reorganization, sale growth or reducing etc. different factors. How share buyers can predict share price whether it will rise or reduce in short time. Why can share price be influenced by insurance need? In this book, I shall indicate some external environment factors and company internal environment factors to explain how and why they will possible influence any company share price changes more easily. Readers can learn some useful knowledge to attempt to predict whether these factors can influence share price changes more easily in possible. Evaluation to any shares prices why and how and when they change, you can have more confidence to earn share profit in investment market.

In a digital world like this, there is need for individual investors or firms who have interest in small business and even large ones to study the evaluating target companies' financial information by examining the past and current financial statements which includes balance sheet, income statements, cash flow statements. Potential investors would definitely want to form opinions about investment value and expectations for future performance. Furthermore, there are needs for financial analysis especially for small-business owners because they need to weight the effect of certain decisions like borrowing, giving out loans and even mergers. Introductory knowledge into the world of financial analysis and even up to the intermediate and professional levels are embedded in this piece.

This book offers a comprehensive review of crowdfunding at Higher Education Institutions, both in theory and practice. In addition, it sheds new light on the emerging concept of crowdfunding at Higher Education Institutions and presents an overview of current academic discussions and best practices regarding crowdfunding in education.Approaching crowdfunding from an integrated perspective, the book explores the relationship between crowdfunding and higher education institutions from both theoretical and practical perspectives.The theory part outlines why higher institutions should interact with crowdfunding platforms beyond the goal of simply raising funds. It continues to define science crowdfunding and education crowdfunding and provides a literature review of education crowdfunding. It follows with an outline of teaching alternative finance theory.The practice part consists of an attempt to develop a core curriculum for teaching crowdfunding, with casesstemming from university education as well as professional education. Two contributions deal with the implementation of crowdfunding platforms at universities. Furthermore, crowdfunding is then connected to non-fungible tokens used to alleviate student debt. Lastly, crowdfunding is put into the context of crowdsourcing practices.It includes contributions from international academics, scholars and professionals in the field and provides a global, multidimensional perspective on crowdfunding. Lastly, the book is unique in that it points the way forward, both for policymakers and for the research community, in terms of thinking about crowdfunding at Higher Education Institutions and the complex issues surrounding its development.

You'll learn how to:Develop a money mindset that will help you achieve your financial goalsCreate a budget and stick to it, no matter whatInvest in the stock market, real estate, and other assets to grow your wealthBuild passive income streams that will provide ongoing financial securityMaximize your savings and reduce your debtAnd much more!Packed with actionable tips, expert advice, and real-life success stories, Wealthyfull is the ultimate guide to achieving financial freedom. Whether you want to retire early, start your own business, or simply live a life of financial security and abundance, this book will show you how to get there. So why wait? Start building your wealth today with Wealthyfull!

This book provides a self-contained introduction to discrete-time and continuous-time models in contracting theory to advanced undergraduate and graduate students in economics and finance and researchers focusing on closed-form solutions and their economic implications. Discrete-time models are introduced to highlight important elements in both economics and mathematics of contracting problems and to serve as a bridge for continuous-time models and their applications. The book serves as a bridge between the currently two almost separate strands of textbooks on discrete- and continuous-time contracting modelsThis book is written in a manner that makes complex mathematical concepts more accessible to economists. However, it would also be an invaluable tool for applied mathematicians who are looking to learn about possible economic applications of various control methods.

This book is a collection of research works by experienced academics focusing on the current issues of fintech and cryptocurrency in the context of Malaysia. The book aims to fill the gap in the extant literature on the topic in Southeast Asia. The book starts with a discussion on the role of monetary policies in the advent of the current trend where cryptocurrencies are being used more widely as a medium of exchange compared to conventional fiat money. It then goes on to provide a comparative analysis for beginners regarding the differences between cryptocurrencies and stocks, considering facets such as ownership, methods of exchange, volatility, regulation, and their interconnectedness. Also discussed are the factors influencing on-line investment options using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) review method, a comparison of Islamic banking products and conventional fintech. The book ends on an analysis of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Malaysian stock market. This book is a valuable read for undergraduate students, postgraduate students, academicians, researchers, and professionals working in the economics, finance, and banking industries, particularly in Southeast Asia.

"The first systematic treatment of model risk, this book provides the tools needed to quantify and assess the impact of model uncertainty. It will be essential for all those working in portfolio theory and the theory of financial and engineering risk, for practitioners in these areas, and for graduate courses on risk bounds and model uncertainty"--

Global Corporate Finance: A Focused Approach, 4th edition (GCF4) introduces students and practitioners to the principles that are essential to the understanding of global financial problems and the policies that global business managers contend with. The objective of this book is to equip current and future business leaders with the tools they need to interpret the issues, to make sound global financial decisions, and to manage the wide variety of risks that modern businesses face in a competitive global environment. In line with its objective, the book stresses practical applications in a concise and straightforward manner, without complex treatment of theoretical concepts.All the chapters in the 4th edition have been updated to include new materials, eliminate unnecessary-outdated materials, and include more non-US materials. Each chapter contains the following four new items: an opening mini case, a global finance in practice, a list of key terms at the end of each chapter, and a closing mini case.The GCF4 is suitable for appropriate courses, no matter where in the world it is taught, because it does not adopt any specific national viewpoint. Moreover, it is self-contained, and it combines theory and applications. The earlier editions of the GCF4 have been adopted by many colleges, universities, and management development programs worldwide, particularly because the book stresses practical applications in a user-friendly format.

This book aims to enrich the banking and finance literature by gathering insights in new research topics being undertaken in the aftermath of the Covid-19 pandemic. The book spans all the major research fields in finance and banking with a particular focus on corporate governance, sustainability and innovation.The book brings together academics at a range of European universities and stems from research presented at the 2022 Annual Conference of the Wolpertinger Club. The first part focuses on the impact of banks¿ corporate governance practice on their performance, including pay gaps as well as diversity and ESG policies. The second part examines how banks are conducting their green transition with topics including reputational risk, greenwashing, green bonds, and ESG scores. The final section of the book considers the role of digitalization and innovative technologies in creating unprecedented disruption in the banking sector.This edited collection is valuable tothose researching in finance, banking and business, as well as policymakers and operational decision makers at financial institutions.

The terms venture capital and private equity may differ across countries. This book discusses venture capital not only as risk capital toward unlisted companies with the aim to enhance the investee firm, but also analyses broader forms of entrepreneurial investment: from early stage financing to buyout and turnaround transaction. This book is divided into four sections. The first section aims to shed light on the terminology and offers a comparison between private equity/venture capital, and the traditional banking sector as financing sources. The second section details the differences between private equity and venture capital transactions on the basis of firm life cycle, and summarizes the main characteristics of both private equity and venture capital investors and investee firms. The third section illustrates the evolution of the private equity and venture capital industry before and after the financial crisis by looking at three fundamental aspects: fundraising, investment and divestment, all in terms of volume and trends. The last section discusses the basic elements of corporate valuation applied to private equity and venture capital industry, with some practical examples.

PRAISE FORFINANCIAL MANAGEMENT "The finance profession is at a crossroads and Jack Alexander is standing at the signposts, pointing toward a path where they can transform themselves to a value-adding partner. With the right support, technology, and mindset--the humble finance team can emerge as a powerful catalyst for performance improvements and value creation. A book that is worth its weight in gold." --DANIELE TEDESCO, CEO, Apliqo "I have witnessed firsthand Alexander's partnership-driven approach and framework-driven concepts enhance firm profitability, and ultimately value. This comprehensive book is a must-read, and reference for finance executives and FP&A teams." -- WILLIAM W. BENTON, CFA, Investment Analyst, Partner, William Blair Investment Management, LLC "An excellent resource for the finance professional aiming to add value to the business as a trusted advisor. In addition to providing the right level of depth on both core fundamentals and advanced topics, the book's emphasis on the intangibles required to effectively serve the business in the ever-changing environment of the 21st century makes this a timely and worthwhile read." --MICHAEL ROSSI, MBA, CFO, Healthcare/Life Science "Jack Alexander's latest insight leads us beyond the traditional drivers of business performance to an evolving 21st century environment, requiring new approaches to succeed as an effective business partner. This book delineates the potential partnership with business leaders to help achieve organizational goals, drive performance and maximize shareholder value. A must-read for financial and business leaders."--JOE HARTNETT, CEO, Single Digits Inc. "Financial Management is a go-to guide for CFOs to drive performance and create shareholder value. These techniques can elevate a CFO from gatekeeper to strategic partner to the CEO. The tools are based on decades of experience and sound financial principles." -- JENNIFER BETHEL, PHD, Professor Emeritus, Past Chair of the Finance Department, Babson College "Financial Management is an exceptional reference for all finance professionals, providing a comprehensive guide and invaluable insights from a successful career CFO and executive advisor. The companion website really sets this text apart, offering practical tools to drive growth, profitability and value and elevates finance professionals to the level of trusted business partners." --LAURA J. GOEDKEN, CFO, SaaS and Services

This book focuses on understanding Innovation in the Financial Services Sector. The collection of contributions gathered in the book highlights the importance of technology contexts that pertain to Finance, accounting, and the law arena. The respective chapters address topics such as Economic development, social entrepreneurship, Online Behaviour, Digital entrepreneurship, and Islamic banks. All contributions are based on the latest empirical and theoretical research and provide key findings and concrete recommendations for scholars, entrepreneurs, organizations, and policymakers.

UNLEASH THE CFO WITHIN​​"A must-read for all women. Amanda will teach you what truly matters when looking at your numbers and give you the confidence to step into your light with the knowledge and power to be financially fit! Finally, a book that offers tools, strategies and practical tips to be at the top of your money game and become your own CFO."- Rachael Ferguson, Chief Executive Officer of SynxBody"This book guides you to overcome your financial barriers and develop your own game plan for success."- Peace Mitchell, Director, The Women's Business School. Women face difficulties and stigma - the gender pay gap, less superannuation, higher homelessness, financial abuse, and minimal funding for women-founded businesses.In Financially Fit Women: How to be your own CFO - Confident, Focused and On top of your money, Amanda Thompson combats these issues by sharing her decades of financial knowledge with women, empowering them to be financially fit.After overcoming a heart attack at the age of 34 and becoming a single mum, Amanda empowered herself and took the initiative to build her own business that reflected her beliefs, ideals, values and knowledge. Amanda's life experiences, coupled with her success as an endurance athlete drive her to help women and set them up for success.This invaluable source of knowledge provides you with award-winning financial advice and practical solutions to getting on top of your finances and staying there.Amanda empowers you to live the life you want, define your goals, and use financial wisdom to achieve them. It's time to embrace your opportunities and become financially fit!Financially Fit Women is the ultimate guide for setting yourself up for success and to take charge of your financial future and overcome any barriers or societal expectations that may hold you back.endurancefinancial.com.au

This book addresses key issues in corporate finance and explores them from financial development and financial stability perspectives in emerging markets. Emerging economies are susceptible to rapidly changing financial sectors and products as well as financial upheavals. In this light, the growing interdependence of states and capital markets, and the risk of crises have an impact on the financing of firms. The chapters in this book highlight how companies and policies in emerging markets are affected and deal with the current post-crisis world. By combining academic and industry insights, the critical issues in corporate finance, financial development, and the preparedness of emerging markets are explored.

This volume presents the proceedings of the 3rd International Scientific Conference on Sustainable Development (ESG 2022), St. Petersburg 2022. It discusses strategic approaches and relevant decisions of business, government, and civil society to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), which were adopted by all UN member states in 2015. At present, the economies of different countries are in a zone of turbulence and the current agenda pushes the transformation of all customary systems to maintain and keep the achieved positions. The need to implement the agenda of sustainable development and achieve the SDGs is implemented through the socio-economic development strategies of countries with low greenhouse gas emissions, opportunities for green and transitional projects are considered, the issue of disclosure of non-financial reporting is widely studied, which can provide additional signal to business about the framework of sustainability in a changing world, as well as prospects for implementation of social and managerial business initiatives within the SDGs.The economies of various countries are currently in a zone of turbulence, and the current agenda is pushing for the transformation of all customary systems to maintain and sustain the positions achieved. The need to implement the sustainable development agenda and achieve the SDGs is being realized through the socio-economic development strategies of countries with low greenhouse gas emissions, opportunities for green and transitional projects are being considered, non-financial reporting disclosure is being widely studied, which can provide an additional signal to business about the sustainability framework in a changing world, and prospects for social and managerial business initiatives under the SDGs.This volume brings together material on sustainable development in economics and finance as well as industry. It is intended for scholars and professionals involvedin public and corporate finance, financial accounting and auditing, sustainable development risk management, as well as economic growth, macroeconomics, monetary policy in a sustainable development environment, public and corporate governance and economics, corporate communications and public relations.