Internationale virksomheder

This book proposes three questions that every leader must ask themselves, to shape and define what they want to achieve while they are leading. It then offers practical advice and case study examples so that these goals can be reached.

The book "Innovative Diplomacy and Future of the BRICS Alliance" explores the concept of innovative diplomacy and its application within the context of the BRICS alliance. The aspects of innovative diplomacy focused on include inventive and adaptive approaches to address contemporary difficulties and capitalize on emerging opportunities. The book begins by setting the context of innovative diplomacy, highlighting examples such as the Oslo Agreement, digital diplomacy, the Belt and Road Initiative, and international space cooperation. It emphasizes the need for diplomacy to be flexible, adaptable, and open to new approaches, technologies, and collaborations. The shift to virtual diplomacy during the COVID-19 pandemic and the use of unconventional and inventive diplomacy to reconcile conflicting parties are cited as examples of this flexibility. The BRICS alliance is seen as promoting economic cooperation, transforming power dynamics, establishing alternative international institutions, increasing geopolitical influence, ensuring collective security, and impacting global governance. The book also discusses the future trajectory of the BRICS alliance.

This thesis examines the concept of mission investing (MI) and thus the role the mission of nonprofit organizations (NPO) plays when fungible financial assets are invested. In contrast to the traditional separation of programming and investment policies, MI stands for the explicit inclusion of the organization's mission into financial decisionmaking. Although initially developed in the context of grantmaking foundations, the concept of MI can be applied to any NPO with fungible assets. NPO as mission-driven organizations differ substantially from regular "for-profit" companies in the way they evaluate organizational performance. Therefore, questions regarding the assessment of desirability and the evaluation of investment opportunities arise. This thesis consists of four articles which all answer a different sub-question regarding the concept and logic of MI and thus adds to a more profound understanding of nonprofit investment management and complements existing theoretical analyses with empirical findings on value-based portfolio selection. In their exploratory approach, these four essays contribute to a holistic understanding of how investment decisions within a mission-oriented organization should be planned and evaluated - independent of their social or financial nature. In applying a logic framework approach, it is shown that the strict separation of social (such as grants) and financial investments within NPO leads to a misallocation of scarce resources. Only by judging both types of investments based on their combined ultimate mission-related impact, an optimal allocation of the initial inputs can be achieved. Thanks to the linkage of both, social and financial investments, the evaluation of investments within NPO is not about either financial return or impact only, but everything in between (i.e., hybrid investments, such as venture philanthropy or impact investments). Further, this thesis also bridges linguistic gaps between nonprofit research and finance and supplies practitioners with insights on how to structure investment processes in NPO and what effects they may expect from mission-based portfolio selection. This allows for a more effective allocation of tax-exempt funds in terms of achieving higher degrees of mission-effectiveness.

The work serves as a modern-day review of current developments in logistics and supply chain management, collaborative research in maritime security and offshore logistics, and the emerging collection of the impacts of new legislation in the offshore environment. It also addresses emerging security issues in restricted water zones and pollution mitigation issues affecting several regions, to mention but a few. Accident causation theories in the port complex were reviewed in the course of the work. The study is a compilation of works authored by graduates with a background in maritime logistics. Applied methodologies differ with the divergent views of each researcher, but all perspectives converge in the maritime logistics backdrop from which all the researchers emerge.

Decoding Global Growth is your comprehensive guidebook, offering a roadmap to navigate the intricate landscape of global expansion.

Just-in-time (JIT) logistics is a strategy that involves the delivery of goods and materials to a manufacturing or production facility precisely when they are needed, in the exact quantities required, and in the right condition. This approach aims to minimize waste, reduce inventory costs, and increase efficiency by streamlining the supply chain. The JIT logistics concept was first introduced by Toyota in Japan in the 1970s as part of its lean manufacturing system. It has since been widely adopted by companies in various industries around the world. The approach involves close coordination between suppliers, logistics providers, and manufacturers to ensure that the right parts and materials are delivered at the right time and in the right sequence. By adopting a just-in-time logistics approach, companies can reduce the need for large inventories, lower warehousing costs, and minimize the risk of overproduction. The result is a more efficient, responsive, and sustainable supply chain that can help companies stay competitive in today¿s fast- paced business environment.

This book brings together research related to sustainability, green, and eco-entrepreneurship to explore what the author describes as cleaner entrepreneurship, which also links to social issues and public policy. Particularly in emerging markets, public policies have encouraged the co-creation of sustainable entrepreneurial activities.It begins by discussing sustainable entrepreneurship in the context of the sustainable development goals (SDGs) and presents global perspectives of entrepreneurship and social consciousness. It then presents a framework describing how sustainable entrepreneurship can address issues such as poverty, access to healthcare, and gender inequality. The book closes by laying out future standpoints of green entrepreneurship and how global-local partnerships will encourage reverse innovation and collective business development projects.

Focusing on safety and environmental protection issues, this book provides incisive, cutting-edge theoretical analysis that evaluates the impact of new automotive technologies, and the associated public policies, on social welfare.

How do we create the business school and managers of the future? Rethinking Business Schools draws upon extensive case study evidence from both Russell Group and Non-Russell Group University Business Schools in the UK to answer some of these questions from a European perspective and stimulate a wider debate.

This book is a timely evaluation of how a harmonious business environment can be created and managed successfully in an increasingly turbulent era. It illustrates how diversity within East-West business is valuable to the development of new approaches in managing harmony for practitioners.

Now newly expanded, Financial Fiasco digs deep into the foundation of the economic meltdown, revealing how it was the product of conscious actions by consumers, as well as decisionmakers in companies, government agencies, and political institutions. An easily accessible work written for general readers, Financial Fiasco tells the compelling story of how ate-cutting by the Federal Reserve inflated the real estate market and fueled increased risk-taking in the financial markets; how new government policies to promote home ownership blasted air into the credit bubble; how new financial instruments, credit-rating requirements, and accounting rules intended to prevent cheating backfired; and much more. Financial Fiasco guides readers through a world of irresponsible behavior, warns that many of the "solutions" being implemented repeat the mistakes that caused the crisis, and offers guidance on how to move forward.

In der frühen postkolonialen Periode war der chinesische Infrastrukturbau in Afrika durch eine Außenpolitik motiviert, die auf ideologischen Erwägungen des Kalten Krieges beruhte, einschließlich der Unterstützung von Freiheit und Panafrikanismus. Das Ende der bipolaren Weltordnung und der Aufstieg Chinas als aufstrebende Wirtschaftsmacht führten jedoch zu einem deutlichen Wandel in seinem Engagement in Afrika. China hat eine eher kommerzielle Außenpolitik verfolgt. Das allgemeine Ziel dieser Studie war es, den Beitrag der chinesischen Außenwirtschaftspolitik zur Entwicklung der Straßeninfrastruktur in Kenia im Zeitraum von 1985 bis 2015 zu untersuchen. Die Studie kommt zu dem Schluss, dass die chinesische Außenwirtschaftspolitik für Kenia von Vorteil ist, wenn auch weitgehend zu Gunsten Chinas. Neben anderen Empfehlungen schlägt der Autor vor, dass die Kenianer die kürzlich von China angebotenen reduzierten Exportzölle nutzen sollten, um die Bedingung Chinas zu erfüllen, dass Kenia im Gegenzug für die Entwicklung der Straßeninfrastruktur einen Markt für seine Waren bereitstellt. China sollte auch mehr Hilfe anbieten, um das Defizit zu verringern, und die chinesischen Exporte nach Kenia einschränken, um das Ungleichgewicht zu verringern, wie es Japan praktiziert. Beide Regierungen sollten auch für den Aufbau von Kapazitäten sorgen.

Boeing Max 737's twin crashes, Volkswagen's Dieselgate scandal, worms in Cadbury's chocolates, cyanide in Tylenol, the #MeToo movement... In the past 24-48 hours, chances are you have read about a brand believed to have transgressed in some part of the world. These and other transgressions - real or perceived - plague company brands and, as in the case of the #MeToo movement, human brands, routinely and globally. And they often come with serious consequences: consumer injury, billions of dollars in recovery and restitution, legal nightmares, bankruptcy, and damage to the brand. Despite their universal prevalence, negative outcomes, and the justified media frenzy around their occurrence, in-depth, thorough, and critical reflections on brand transgressions are scarce. Consequently, barring the lens of some quick-fix solution, managers lack a precise understanding of how to handle such potentially explosive situations. Managing Brand Transgressions: 8 Principles to Transform Your Brand presents over 25 case studies of brands like Boeing, Cadbury, Dolce & Gabbana, Fox News, Maggi, Starbucks, Stoli Vodka, and Tylenol in countries such as USA, China, India, UK, Germany, Italy, Japan, and Latvia. Through these real-life stories, the book captures a snapshot of approximately 50 years of company responses to crises - some successful, some not - caused by brand transgressions. Most importantly, it provides managers with a roadmap of eight principles that companies must use to turn transgressions into opportunities and transform their brands from inside out. Thoroughly researched, gripping, and provocative, this book can guide a brand not only through its crisis but prevent it from becoming a dinosaur.

Set against the backdrop of a rising population in Africa and the lowering opportunities for white collar jobs, as well as the continent¿s limited access to resources, this edited collection demystifies the interconnectedness between the factors and actors involved with innovation and entrepreneurship development in sub-Saharan Africäs (SSA) informal economy for more effective, result-oriented outcomes.Exposing the underlying motivations that define uniqueness in Africäs innovation and entrepreneurship ecosystem, particularly in the informal sector, the editors argue that there is a significant knowledge gap that this book seeks to fill, concerning institutionalization, motivational factors and the harnessing of the innovative potentials of Africäs informal sector entrepreneurs and their supporting role in achieving a more sustainable African regionBy identifying patterns of domesticating entrepreneurship theories and showcasing the latest research, the book covers awide array of topics that discuss a multidisciplinary and multicultural perspective to entrepreneurship theory and practices in Africa. In this way the book contributes to the goals of SDG 9 ('Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation') in Africa.

What makes international joint ventures successful? Among other key success factors such as strategic fit, material and political-relational incentives, and the cultural compatibility of the joint venture partners, the role of one factor in the successful establishment and management of joint ventures is critical: the mutual trust among the managers involved. This book explores how to establish, develop, and continue to nurture mutual trust between the managers of German and Chinese joint ventures. A series of guided interviews conducted by the authors reveals assessments of Chinese and European executives about their mutual trust in the context of the cultural differences between the two countries, the worldviews characterizing China and Germany, and their impact on the behavior of their executives. The authors then use these judgements from the interviews to make recommendations for action to build more successful cooperation in German-Chinese business cooperation in future joint enterprises. Trust in German-Chinese Business Cooperation is essential reading for managers of international companies and students of business management, business psychology and intercultural management.

This book examines the challenges of intercultural management in sub-Saharan Africa. It presents a case study of Vasco Silva, a Portuguese businessman who established a successful business in Luanda, Angola. After four years of growth, Silva encounters a culture shock due to a wild strike by his employees. He embarks on a deep cultural exploration using the Hofstede 6D model and the Toyota-management tool Genchi Genbutsu (go and see for yourself). Gradually, Silva gains an understanding of effective leadership in the Angolan context, unraveling important features of local culture and initiating an organizational change project. This work contributes to the ongoing discourse in African management literature, particularly regarding the integration of modern and contemporary traditional organizational and leadership concepts. It responds to the demand for descriptive accounts of hybrid case studies of confluencing cultures. Scholars of African management philosophy and business leaders can utilize this case study to explore indigenous African notions in a business setting, demonstrating the performative characteristics of local leadership forms and the adaptability required for success in foreign business environments

Seminar paper from the year 2022 in the subject Economics - International Economic Relations, grade: 1,3, University of Applied Management, course: Summer Symposium on US Foreign Policy, language: English, abstract: In this paper, I shall examine the alliance ¿NATO¿ and its strategic concept concerning the Ukraine conflict. Against this background, the central question that motivates this essay is: ¿Why has NATO's strategy changed during the Ukraine crisis?¿ To answer this topic, this scientific paper is based on the assumption that NATO¿s strategy became more relevant in the Global Security Architecture with the beginning of the Ukraine war. Even though numerous articles have already been published on this topic framework, the work aim is to present NATO in detail, clearly and concisely, as well as to work out the current position of the alliance towards Russia and its possible future role. The results shed light on the upcoming relevance of the relationship between Russia and NATO. The thesis consists of three chapters, the first of which is the introduction. The main contents of the work are divided into the following four sections¿the first deals with NATO's strategy before the Ukraine war began. Based on the history of NATO from its inception to the present, I highlight the development of its tactics. The focus of the second part is the strategy since the Ukraine crisis. Furthermore, I would like to point out how NATO's strategy changed over time and explain the differences and the reasons for that in the last section. Support is provided by selected literature, current news such as the Washington Post and the New York Times, and publications by renowned think tanks like the Hudson and Brooking Institute. Moreover, the group discussion about foreign policy from the Summer Symposium in Washington, D.C., is also used as a source. In the third chapter, I answer the hypothesis and research question with the help of the information provided. Finally, I conclude by underlining NATO¿s upcoming role regarding Russia and giving an outlook on the future relevance of the subject.

"International Business" offers an insightful and comprehensive look into the world of international business. With the rise of global competition and the ever-increasing importance of economic autonomy, understanding the complex landscape of international trade has become more critical than ever. This book delves deep into various aspects of IB, including its origins, theories, and evolving dynamics, with an emphasis on the changing landscape of modern trade. The authors, both academic experts and seasoned practitioners, offer a nuanced and honest view of how globalization has impacted various nations and economies worldwide. From the tectonic shifts seen in the rise of China and India's economic power to the dominance of multinational companies, this book offers essential insights for anyone looking to navigate the complicated and rapidly changing world of international business. With a blend of academic rigor and practical perspectives, this book is a must-read for students, scholars, and practitioners alike.

The monograph is devoted to the political and economic development of the Democratic Republic of Congo (formerly Zaire) in the post-colonial era. The case study focuses on the causes of underdevelopment and huge income disparities observed in the modern world economy. Based on his own model calculations, which take into account the key role of technological progress, the author argues that there is some combination of factors that determines the development of any national economy. In order to build a modern market economy, Congo (Kinshasa) should substantially increase, along with education and R&D, the economic role of learning by doing. All this requires more investment in physical and human capital. The government should also attract more foreign capital and focus more on modernizing agriculture and infrastructure. To achieve these goals, however, armed conflicts within the country must end. The book is intended for a wide range of readers interested in the theory and practice of Third World development and especially the pressing problems of the African least developed countries.

Seminar paper from the year 2023 in the subject Economics - International Economic Relations, grade: 1,3, University of Applied Management, course: Global Economics, language: English, abstract: What positive impact does TTIP have on policy, defense, and security? Observing the humanitarian crisis in Venezuela, the political instabilities in African nations such as Syria, Iraq, and Libya, the war in Yemen, and the terrorism in Afghanistan caused by the Taliban shows that the world is currently facing security challenges. Above all, the Ukraine war, which began with Russia's invasion on February 24, the crisis in North Korea, and the confrontation over the Taiwan issue are of particular concern. In addition, there are other political uncertainties. According to the Council on Foreign Relations, 70.8 million people are displaced due to the war. This migration crisis is an issue that the EU and the US, especially, have to deal with. Furthermore, the global Covid-19 pandemic has been on the agenda since 2020. Accordingly, both military and health risks exist. This chapter focuses on the transatlantic trade and investment partnership "TTIP" and its impact on security. The TTIP negotiations between the EU and the USA reached a standstill at the end of 2016. Despite the possibility that the treaty would enable the two powerful economic nations to develop further and strengthen their ties. Furthermore, the agreement aimed to create up to 13 million new jobs. Nevertheless, the TTIP negotiations are gaining traction due to global circumstances. As already explained, many skeptics, such as charities, environmentalists, and NGOs, for instance, strongly criticize the agreement. There have also been some large-scale demonstrations in European countries. Nevertheless, TTIP also has benefits, especially concerning the economy.

This scarce antiquarian book is a facsimile reprint of the original. Due to its age, it may contain imperfections such as marks, notations, marginalia and flawed pages. Because we believe this work is culturally important, we have made it available as part of our commitment for protecting, preserving, and promoting the world's literature in affordable, high quality, modern editions that are true to the original work.

This textbook shows students how to conduct strategic marketing with a global mindset, rather than just with an international focus. It illustrates how companies can take advantage of the opportunities and address the challenges associated with the increasing globalization of markets. Readers will learn about how culture shapes consumer needs and preferences, the impact of foreign political and economic factors on companies, the influence of international competition, and how to segment markets based on cultural factors. Drawing from novel theoretical insights in social psychology, cultural psychology, marketing, and management, the book provides a broad theoretical foundation for understanding the impact of culture on both global and ethnic branding decisions, and particularly so for devising branding strategies aimed at creating iconic brands that can resonate with today¿s consumers, who tend to be more multicultural.