Energiindustri

This book covers the basics and advancements in various solar thermal desalination systems that are highly affordable and viable even for applications in low-income countries. Fresh water is an essential natural resource needed for the continuous existence of living organisms on earth. Civilizations have started and flourished along riverbanks which can be understood from historical literature. This precious resource has also been a cause for a lot of past and current wars and conflicts among different ethnic groups and nations around the globe. In the current scenario, access to clean drinking water is getting harder and more expensive for most of the population in middle- and low-income countries. This volume provides detailed knowledge on effectively utilizing solar energy for desalination to fulfill clean water supply demands. The content presents detailed thermodynamic modeling of various solar thermal desalination systems and highlights the role of the solar thermal distillationprocess in wastewater treatment and improved sanitation through a case study. The book also provides a detailed methodology for assessing the economics, environmental footprints, and sustainability of desalination systems. The book will be highly beneficial for researchers, professionals, and activists dealing with water, energy, and the environment.

Dieses Open-Access-Buch gibt aktuelle interdisziplinäre Forschungseinblicke rund um das Fab City-Konzept. Ein Ansatz, der beschreibt, wie Produktions- und Konsumptionsweisen gestaltet werden können, sodass einerseits globale Kollaboration in und durch Communities von der Ideengenerierung bis zur Produktentwicklung physischer Güter mittels quelloffener Technologien (Open Source Software und Hardware) ermöglicht wird und andererseits die Produktion dieser Güter lokal und somit möglichst nahe am Ort des Bedarfs sowie dezentral im Sinne einer verteilten Produktion erfolgen kann, beispielsweise in Fab(rication) Labs. Ziel ist die Schaffung einer möglichst nachhaltigen Produktion bzw. Wertschöpfung. Ökologisch nachhaltig, indem lange Transportwege vermieden und auf Grundlage von Kreislaufprinzipien lokale Stoffkreisläufe geschlossen werden. Ökonomisch nachhaltig, indem durch quelloffene Technologien Wettbewerbsbeschränkungen und durch föderierte Ansätze Abhängigkeiten vermieden werden. Sozial nachhaltig durch ein partizipatives Wertschöpfungssystem, in dem der Zugang zu Wissen und Knowhow sowie zu Produktionsmitteln unbeschränkt ist. Über den gesamten Produktentstehungsprozess und -lebenszyklus enthält das vorliegende, bilinguale Werk in deutscher und englischer Sprache Beiträge aus den Bereichen Citizen & Collaborative Innovation and Design, Circular Design & Economy, Open-Source-Software-Tools für die Entwicklung von Open Source Hardware, Digital Product Passport, föderierte (Open-Source-) Systeme, die Verbreitung von Open Source Hardware sowie technical literacy und economic governance.Prof. Neil Gershenfeld, Director of MIT¿s Center for Bits and Atoms, and Chairman of the board of The Fab Foundation:¿For many years the growth of cities has been an inexorable trend, with cities acting as regional magnets and engines;the resources enabling a Fab City can also help expand opportunity beyond cities. There is now an opportunity and need for labs that can develop, deploy, and measure the frontiers of Fab City technologies. This book provides a much-needed snapshot of the current state of that challenge.¿Tomas Diez, Executive Director of the Fab City Foundation: ¿This book is an invitation for large-scale collaboration to build distributed system that can support the development of alternative modes of production, in line with the social and ecological needs of our time.¿

This book examines the evolving dynamics between banks and firms within the context of alternative finance and Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) integration. The book contributes to understanding the bank-firm relationship in light of the changing financial landscape and its implications for sustainable development. The book employs an empirical analysis to examine the bank-firm relationship in the context of alternative finance and ESG performance to assess firms¿ riskiness, access to funds and cost of capital.The book addresses research gaps by comprehensively analysing the impact of alternative finance and ESG on the bank-firm relationship. It assists banks in adapting their financing practices and policies to align with emerging trends, and it offers insights for banks to evaluate and mitigate ESG-related risks effectively. It provides policy implications for promoting responsible lending, supporting the growth of alternative finance, and incentivising ESG integration in the financial sector. Ultimately, it contributes to formulating policies that foster a sustainable and inclusive financial system, and will be of interest to professionals and researchers in finance, alternative finance, and sustainable finance.

This book assists in the adoption of the sustainable cross-sectoral nexus approach of agrivoltaics, which can provide a quite significant untapped potential for the sustainable development of humanity. Increasing demand for water, energy and food, due to population growth and urbanization, is aggravated by unprecedented extreme weather and climatic conditions. This situation is likely to undermine the sustainable and peaceful development of humanity. Today, more than ever, there is an imperative need to support the identification and development of practical solutions, where the use of a nexus approach can lead to improved outcomes in the integrated management of water¿energy¿food¿ecosystem (WEFE) resources. This book disseminates the current knowledge of the modern approach of agrivoltaics, providing a comprehensive state of the art on the field, discussing the current status, the challenges and the future perspectives for their further development. This new currently in-depth unexplored topic will be covered thoroughly by the present book, which will attract the readership of both the scientific and industrial research communities, even of people who are dealing with cultivations, promoting the development in the field, from conceptual designs to practical realizations.

This textbook introduces and explains the issues around climate change and its mitigation. It includes topics across disciplines and can be used as a single-volume text by students studying a range of subjects. Among the topics included are: ·How to adopt significant mitigation measures now to avoid the most catastrophic long-term consequences of climate change.·Reducing the rates of highly potent, short-lived emissions of methane gas and black carbon particulates¿reductions that are necessary to meet the temperature targets of the Paris Agreements.·Implementing wide-ranging adaptation measures to reduce the deaths and economic costs of extreme heat waves, droughts, wildfires, hurricanes, and floods.·Recognizing the unusually rapid warming in the Arctic, which is disrupting weather patterns in the northern hemisphere and currents in the Atlantic Ocean, causing world-wide sea-level rise, and also causing methane leaks in the Arctic region¿leaksthat could eventually lead to irreversible global warming consequences. Meeting these challenges effectively requires action by both governments and businesses. The book examines the national and local governmental policies¿and business practices¿that are needed in sector-specific chapters. An objective of the book is to inform readers about specific problems resulting from climate change¿and the wide range of potential government policies and business practices, changes in technologies, and changes in public attitudes and actions that can reduce the emissions and otherwise lessen their impacts. Indeed, a central message is that understanding the issues posed by climate change requires no less than an understanding of climate science, micro- and macro-economics, technologies for mitigation and adaptation measures, as well as politics and law at many governmental levels from local to global. The author has included short case studies that illustrate and integrate multiple analytic perspectives. The book is therefore appropriate for students, professionals, and general audiences with wide-ranging interests and backgrounds.

Reservoir characterization is the model that characterizes reservoirs based on their ability to store and produce hydrocarbons. Reservoir modeling is the process of creating a three-dimensional representation of a given reservoir based on its petrophysical, geological, and geophysical properties. Reservoir engineering is the formulation of development and production plans that will result in maximum recovery for a given set of economic, environmental, and technical constraints. It is not a one-time activity but needs continual updating throughout the production life of a reservoir. Reservoir management is often defined as the allocation of resources to optimize hydrocarbon recovery from a reservoir while minimizing capital investments and operating expenses. The oil and gas industry is divided into upstream and downstream sectors. In general, the upstream sector involves activities carried out at a reservoir, while the downstream sector involves all petroleum processing activities carried out in a refinery. Petroleum processing engineering involves all downstream crude oil processing operations, from crude oil as the feedstock to final products such as gasoline, kerosene, diesel, gas oil, and lubricating oil. Petroleum processing technology continues to develop in consideration of all types of sustainability-related challenges. This book provides a comprehensive overview of the oil and gas industry, presenting the most recent research in the field.

"Get up-to-speed with the fundamentals of how electricity markets are structured and operated with this comprehensive textbook, requiring no prior experience in power systems or energy economics. An ideal introduction for senior undergraduate and graduate students in electrical engineering, economics, and operations research"--

The Intersection of Blockchain and Energy Trading: Exploring Decentralized Solutions for Next-Generation Energy Markets equips readers with a practical understanding of the opportunities and challenges of this cutting-edge technology for the renewable energy markets of the future. Its multidisciplinary team of authors and editors provide a holistic guide to blockchain in energy markets, beginning with the fundamentals of energy trading and foundational principles of blockchain technology. Subsequent chapters demonstrate the applied opportunities for a variety of energy outcomes including renewable energy, decentralized energy, and electric vehicles. Essential use-cases such as demand response and ancillary services are covered, and the final chapters offer guidance on the impact of the technology for energy poverty and sustainability. Packed with models, case studies, and tools for implementation and practice, this book is an essential guide for researchers and professionals at the forefront of energy market innovation.

Renewable Energy Finance: Theory and Practice, Second Edition integrates the special characteristics of renewable energy with key elements of project finance. Through a mixture of fundamental analysis and real-life examples, readers learn how renewable energy project finance deals mix finance, public policy, legal, engineering and environmental issues. This book investigates the economics of large-scale green power production and incentive mechanisms and how they fit into the global energy industries. It also examines how distributed energy resources such as residential solar and batteries can be financed at the scale needed to play a significant role in the future energy mix. The authors examine how renewable energy projects get financed and built using modern non-recourse project finance structures. It also highlights recent innovations such as Green Bonds and Sustainability Linked Loans that have emerged in the context of ESG investments. The scope of the book is global, and it illustrates how renewable energy project finance has evolved in various places (such as the tax-equity structures used in the United States, due to the corporate tax incentives used there) to cope with local regulatory and policy environments.

Alternative Fuels, revised and updated, discusses many of the issues influencing human energy use, including the availability and acceptability of other fuels, particularly the use of hydrogen. This new edition covers new hydrogen technological developments, oil supplies and new drilling techniques, the most recent information on hydrogen highway projects, breakthroughs in fuel cell technology and ultra low emissions in transportation, and the most recent statistics on emerging oil markets, energy reserves, and carbon dioxide increases. Energy policy, fuel supply trends, alternative scenarios, energy utilisation, sustainable energy, cost analysis, fuel escalation, energy and development, regulatory issues, implementation barriers, conversion systems, storage systems, thermodynamic efficiency, fuel chain efficiency, life-cycle efficiency, technology issues extracting, refining, air emission issues, safety, natural gas hydrogen gas, methanol, ethanol, steam reforming, and fumigation are also covered.

A one-stop, go-to reference containing all relevant and key industry concepts, equations, terminology, and formulas, the SPE Petroleum Engineering Certification and PE License Exam Reference Guide is the essential tool for those taking the SPE Professional Certification Exam and US PE Exam. This recently updated guide complements SPE's Petroleum Engineering Handbook series, as the key concepts and equations from that series have been separated out and methodically cataloged into this one volume. To quickly find what you are looking for, a new index has been added.Along with being crucial before and during exams (YES - IT CAN BE BROUGHT INTO THE EXAM), this invaluable guide continues to serve oil and gas industry professionals throughout their career. With this guide, there is no need to carry a suitcase full of books on every assignment or search multiple texts to simply find a definition or an equation. The SPE Petroleum Engineering Certification and PE License Exam Reference Guide is for anyone searching for an upstream or downstream solution.About the SPE Professional Certification Exam (SPEC)SPE has a vision to "enable the global oil and gas E&P industry to share technical knowledge needed to meet the world's energy needs in a safe and environmentally responsible manner." One way of achieving this vision is by sustaining the competency, professionalism, impartiality, and integrity of the personnel within the industry. SPE has responded to this challenge by establishing the SPEC, which offers members a vehicle to develop their technical competencies and skills across the entire field of petroleum engineering. SPEC has been offered for 13 years and is complemented by an SPE short course that gives candidates insight into the range of topics that the exam will cover and the style of questions they will face. In the summer of 2008, the SPE Engineering Professionalism Committee committed to writing a book that could be used as a single reference for the SPEC and the exam review course. Professor Ali Ghalambor authored the SPE Petroleum Engineering Certification and PE License Exam Reference Guide in 2014.

Advanced Drilling and Well Technology captures the vast developments that have occurred in well technology over the past several decades. The 10 chapters focus on applications related to many of the field-related challenges being faced today, such as deepwater and high-pressure/high-temperature wells, as well as emerging technologies like managed pressure drilling, expandable casing, coiled-tubing drilling, and multilateral wells.

Oil, eh? One of the most troublesome substances known to man. Burn it and the world goes into meltdown. Disrupt it and the world goes into meltdown. You just can't win with oil... unless, of course, you're in the business. Supply disruptions hand the oil majors a golden chance to cash in on the subsequent spiralling price of their product... as the world was to discover to its cost the day Russia invaded Ukraine in 2022.Or rather, was to re-discover. For this wasn't the first time prices soared on the back of a war-caused oil supply crisis. It was a virtual mirror image of the first great oil shock fifty years earlier.In 1973 the upshot was the same as half a century later - a global, rocketing oil price-caused economic tailspin and the birth of a new Foreign Legion as the oil industry scrambled to find new reserves to bring online. From all walks of life, all corners of the world they came. A legion of men answering the call to join the great '73 oil rush, all with but one burning ambition - to escape the worldwide economic slump, swap the dole queue for the oil crew and take the A-train to wherever this new Klondike led.This is the slightly disconcerting account of one of them.

This book provides a comprehensive analysis of the challenges and opportunities for achieving a net-zero energy transition in Africa. With a focus on policy, technology, financing, and socio-political factors, the book presents four potential scenarios for a sustainable energy transition in the continent. The scenarios presented highlight the importance of balancing economic growth with environmental sustainability and social development. While foreign investments in renewable energy could be beneficial, they must be carefully monitored and regulated to prevent exploitation and ensure accountability. The book also emphasizes the need for collaboration and a calculated transition to ensure that all stakeholders are involved in the process. Additionally, the challenges of achieving self-sufficiency and export-free energy are discussed, with the importance of setting limitations and regulations to prevent a vicious cycle of poverty and dependency on foreign aid. With a deep understanding of Africa's environmental, socio-political, and socio-cultural complexities, ¿Africa's Path to Net-Zerö offers valuable insights for policymakers, investors, and anyone interested in promoting a sustainable energy future for the continent.

Energy Efficiency of Modern Power and Energy Systems introduces students and researchers to a broad range of power system management challenges, technologies, and solutions. This book examines the critical intersection of energy efficiency, power quality, and renewable energy integration. It primarily emphasizes applications, with each chapter outlining the problem’s fundamental structure to provide a basic understanding of the approaches discussed. Providing meticulously researched literature reviews for guiding deeper reading, this book leads readers from contextual understanding to specific case studies and solutions for sustainable power systems.

Thermal Energy Storage in Porous Media: Design and Applications introduces the new design concepts and operation strategies for the core part of heat and mass transfer in thermal energy storage tanks. With a strong focus on design, operation and optimization, the book presents the latest advances in thermal energy storage. Opening with an introduction to latent heat thermal storage, the book then discusses porous media enhanced thermal storage classifications, methods and characterizations. Subsequent topics include energy charging/discharging system design, numerical simulation models and verification, and an analysis of various melting/solidification laws. Finishing with a detailed presentation of applications and containing case studies and real-world examples throughout, this is an essential read for graduate students, researchers and engineers interested in thermal engineering, energy systems, and renewable energy.

Dieses Buch erörtert die spezifischen Probleme, die sich aus der Unwirksamkeit gescheiterter Preisanpassungsklauseln im Rahmen von Dauerschuldverhältnissen ergeben. Die Autorin analysiert die geltungserhaltende Reduktion, die Aufspaltung teilunwirksamer Klauseln, die Lückenschließung, die Teilnichtigkeit des Vertrags und die Erstattungsansprüche bei unwirksam vereinbarten Preisanpassungsklauseln anhand des deutschen Rechts sowie unter Berücksichtigung des europäischen Rechts. Anschließend exemplifiziert sie ihre Erkenntnisse am Beispiel langfristiger Energielieferverträge. Feststellend, dass die Lückenschließung nach der sog. Dreijahreslösung des Bundesgerichtshofs unionsrechtswidrig ist, prüft sie abschließend, ob ein Vertragsanpassungsanspruch aufgrund § 313 BGB begründet werden kann.

In the second edition of this book, the concept of resource-based sustainability has once again been expanded to include further references to modern management theories. The author shows that overcoming the dilemmas that sustainability creates for companies and all organizations leads to more complex decisions that also require higher levels of awareness. The concept of sustainable leadership is closely related to the resource approach. Finally, readers will learn how to tell a compelling transformation narrative toward sustainability.

This book explains forest and woody biomass harvest, harvesting machines, systems, logistics, supply chain management, best management practices, harvest scheduling and carbon sequestration. It also covers applications of harvesting principles in forest and biomass management practices. The book provides an in-depth understanding of functions and applications of current and future harvesting technologies, the unique characteristics of harvesting machine with respect to cost, productivity, and environmental impacts. Special features include harvest machine illustrations and images of field operations, tabular presentations of filed studies of forest operations and detailed modelling processes for forest and biomass harvest logistics and supply chain management. Specifically, the book is designed for students, researchers, educators, and practitioners in the field of forest and biomass harvest and logistics. The book's contents have been tested in teaching as the Harvesting Forest Product class for undergraduates and graduates in the Division of Forestry and Natural Resources at West Virginia University since 2000. The information contained in this book is a robust reference resource for students who would be future forest and biomass managers, timber contractors, entrepreneurs, researchers, and educators in the fields of forest and biomass operations, engineering, and resource management.

This book collates important contributions from Engineering to Adapt (ETA2023). Eta, ¿, the 7th letter of the Greek alphabet, is scrupulously used to denote efficiency and this is what ETA2023 strives for. In context, efficiency, ¿, is about avoiding waste, may this be energy, time, money, or material, in accomplishing something useful. As such, ETA2023 aims at bringing experts and future leaders together to forge more efficient ways to engineer and live. In other words, ETA2023 strives to synergise and catalyse all stakeholders, enthusiasts, and experts from academia, industry, policy arenas, and the general public, to formulate novel ways to improve tomorrow.This symposium will disseminate recent progress and promote collaborations to maximize opportunities for innovative integrated solutions. Topics of interest include resource and energy efficiency, waste reduction, and eco-friendly agriculture, architecture, engineering, and living.

The tropical zones are dominated by developing countries, which mainly face problematic environmental issues. Different than four-season countries, tropical countries have a continuous summer-like season and therefore they are rich in clean energy sources like solar and biomass. Hence, the mitigations of environment and energy issues in the tropics would require specific understanding and different approach to solutions. This book offers an assortment of studies on scenarios of environment as well as energy demand and power generation technologies in the tropics. Many of the countries within the tropics are highly populated, and this results in various problems related to the environment and energy. The demand for energy in these countries keeps increasing but concurrently there are also environmental issues that require serious attention. As the global concern on the environment is alarming today, the choice of power generation should be of the cleanest possible resource. This various reports on research activities carried out in the tropics on the aspect of environment and energy presented in this book are highly beneficial for those who like to see an improvement in the tropics with regard to environment and energy systems.

It has been said that, in the light of ecological overshoot, that human civilization faces two future possibilities: a Great Decoupling or a Great Collapse. In this book, two distinct positions to achieve the Great Decoupling are critically evaluated: Green Growth and Degrowth. It is concluded that neither Green Growth nor Degrowth will be able to achieve the Great Decoupling. The possibility for society to collapse is then raised, with the potential for a civilizational rebound pondered. Whether collapse may be a feature, and not a bug, of the long-run evolution of complex civilization is discussed.This book offers a thought provoking and unique perspective on the economic and ecological challenges faced by modern societies. It will be relevant to students, researchers, and policymakers interested in environmental economics and economic policy.

This two-volume book offers a broad range of discussions on the immense challenge of climate change, one confronting every country on the planet and forcing them to find a path towards a sustainable future that will not have disastrous consequences in relation to our chances of survival. It also presents a snapshot of the status quo, which reflects all the decisions and measures taken to date. Analyzing the consequences of the steps that will shape our future, the two volumes also reflect on important decisions at a global level that have already been taken. This second volume on risks assessment and the political and social dimension of the green energy transition is structured into 14 chapters. International renowned scholars discuss the inherent risks that arise in consequence of the transition to the intensive use of low carbon energy sources and global warming, risks related to food and water security, as well as risks of social and political conflicts. They further examine the dependence on individual countries' industrial structures and on their socio-economic development level as challenges to climate change solutions and to the global energy policy agenda.This book is a must-read for scholars, researchers and students, as well as policymakers interested in a better understanding of climate change, present scenarios, and alternative solutions and measures.

This two-volume book offers a broad range of discussions on the immense challenge of climate change, one confronting every country on the planet and forcing them to find a path towards a sustainable future that will not have disastrous consequences in relation to our chances of survival. It also presents a snapshot of the status quo, which reflects all the decisions and measures taken to date. Analyzing the consequences of the steps that will shape our future, the two volumes also reflect on important decisions at a global level that have already been taken. In this first volume on green energy, decarbonization, and forecasting the green transition, respected international scholars analyze various technical aspects of and alternatives to the so-called "e;green energy transition,"e; as well as measures intended to help reach the ambitious goal of net zero emissions within the next thirty years. Throughout the 13 chapters, the authors forecast future scenarios for the use of alternative energy sources. Additionally, the book discusses questions regarding the suitability of current measures and presents innovative alternatives that have remained largely overlooked.This book is a must-read for scholars, researchers and students, as well as policymakers interested in a better understanding of climate change, present scenarios, and alternative solutions and measures.

The aim is to assess possibilities for the implementation of hydrogen as an energy innovation and accessibility solution for sustainable development in Africa. Hydrogen as a fuel presents opportunities for tackling climate change. Continuous refinement and advancement of existing inventions and materials for reducing greenhouse gas emissions towards carbon neutrality should therefore be guaranteed. Findings from the remote Mkaratigwa Village corroborated the observation that there existed intense depletion and disruption of forests and ecosystems, revealing the need to embrace green hydrogen energy technologies for reducing carbon footprint and prevailing energy poverty mostly already afflicting girls, women and children. Work has to continue to ensure hydrogen energy satisfies the Sustainable Development Goal 7 criteria that encompasses affordability, reliability, sustainability and accessibility. Much more work remains on reducing barriers and motivating opportunities and enablers for improved embraceability of the technology in Zimbabwe and developing countries across the world. Production of hydrogen has nevertheless been reduced due to public policy shifts amid intermittent power supply and acute outages. Cost of grid power supply was impacting negatively on hydrogen production and more-so on its greening. Worldwide, renewable cleaner energy technologies including for hydrogen, are proved to be largely concentrated in the global North. Ironically to the contrary, critical mineral resources and materials that constitute the bulk of feedstock for brands original equipment manufacturers and suppliers, originated from Africa.