Strafferet

This book tells the story of the star class, a segregated division for first offenders in English convict prisons; known informally as 'star men', convicts assigned to the division were identified by a red star sewn to their uniforms. 'Star Men' in English Convict Prisons, 1879-1948 investigates the origins of the star class in the years leading up to its establishment in 1879, and charts its subsequent development during the late-Victorian, Edwardian, and interwar decades.To what extent did the star class serve to shield 'gentleman convicts' from their social inferiors and allow them a measure of privilege? What was the precise nature of the 'contamination' by which they and other 'accidental criminals' were believed to be threatened? And why, for the first twenty years of its existence, were first offenders convicted of 'unnatural crimes' barred from the division? To explore these questions, the book considers the making and implementation of penal policy by senior civil servants and prison administrators, and the daily life and work of prisoners at policy's receiving end. It re-examines evolving notions of criminality, the competing aims of reformation and deterrence, and the role and changing nature of prison labour. Along the way, readers will encounter an array of star men, including arsonists, abortionists, sex offenders and reprieved murderers, disgraced bankers, light-fingered postmen, bent solicitors, and perjuring policemen.Taking a fresh look at English prison history through converging lenses of class, sexuality, and labour, 'Star Men' in English Convict Prisons, 1879-1948 will be of great interest to penal historians and historical criminologists, and to scholars working on related aspects of modern British history.

This book examines the social and legal regulation of domestic violence (DV) within the Kesarwani business community following the enactment of the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act 2005. It analyses the existence of the formal law in Kolkata and the relevance of the law in the familial lives of the Kesarwani community.The book offers a new conceptualisation of examining the relationship between formal law and social life. It provides a deep insight into how living with violence becomes a way of living and how the disposition to familial violence exists with social advantage and privilege. Explaining the functioning of the formal DV framework in non-legal terms as it exists on the paper, the book shows the ways in which this one law sought to democratise the family unit and overhaul the legal process in favour of DV victims in India. Most of all it hopes to show through the Kolkata study that caste and class, social structures that regulate and define social life globally, must remain critical to discussions of the social and legal regulation of DV in Kolkata, India or anywhere in the world. The book uses ethnography as a research methodology and traverses different locations in the Kesarwani community, and outside the community in Kolkata, to examine the relevance of the formal law in the lives of Kesarwani women. While the study is in India (and in a non-western context), the theme of the study - the social and legal regulation - remains relevant to contemporary debates on the efficacy of formal law in addressing coercive control in the western world. Notably, the book makes the formal domestic violence law legible for non-legal professionals by explaining the formal legal framework of domestic violence envisaged in the PWDVA.This book will be of interest to students and scholars of law, criminal justice, sociology, anthropology, women's studies, and political science. It will also appeal to social service providers and practitioners working in the area of domestic violence, legal regulation, social control of women, gender, caste, class and family business.

This book provides a socio-legal examination of the media's influence on the development and implementation of criminal justice policy.This impact is often assumed. And, especially in the wake of high-profile crimes, the press is routinely observed calling for sentences to be harsher, and for governments to be tougher on crime. But how do we know that there is a connection? To answer this question, the book draws on a case study of the media reporting of the rape and murder of Jill Meagher in Melbourne, Australia; as well as other well-known cases, including those of James Bulger, Sarah Payne, Stephen Lawrence and Michael Brown, among others. Deploying a socio-legal framework to examine how the media's often powerful and emotive narratives play a crucial role in the development and implementation of law, the book provides a deep and critical reflection on its influence. The book concludes with a number of suggestions for media reform: both to moderate the media's influence, and to incorporate a broader range of viewpoints.This multi-disciplinary book will appeal to scholars and students in sociolegal studies, criminology and criminal law as well as those working in relevant areas in sociology and media studies.

This book provides a comprehensive and positive reimagining of probation practice in England and Wales across all the key settings in which work with people subject to supervision takes place.

Preventing Sexual Harm provides an overview of current criminal justice strategies for tackling sexual violence, and highlights existing positive criminological approaches that could help prevent sexual abuse and harm.¿Sexual violence is a complex, multi-faceted crime. Its causes and consequences are both multiple and enduring and our understanding of sexual violence is embedded within our social, cultural, and political constructs. As such, a response to sexual violence ought to be equally complex and multi-faceted. Alternative approaches might therefore be needed, such as positive criminology. This book explores positive criminology as a mechanism to reduce the risk of recidivism, eradicate harm, prevent reoffending as well as to help reintegrate those with histories of sexual abuse back into the community. In light of recent historic cases of sexual abuse and poor institutional response to these allegations, it opens with an overview of the current landscape of sexual offending. The book then reviews the current positive criminological approaches already in existence in the effort to prevent sexual abuse by outlining the approach of positive criminology and by demonstrating the many gaps in practice that might benefit from this new way of working to prevent sexual abuse.¿By highlighting that an alternative response to sexual violence is needed, and by presenting the idea that a positive criminological paradigm is worthy of further examination, this book will be of great interest to scholars of criminology, criminal justice, and forensic psychology.

This book examines how class shapes interactions between professionals, parents, and young people in the youth justice system, utilising a mix of contemporary social theory and a wealth of empirical material. It suggests ways to neutralise the effects of class on youth justice interventions in structurally unequal societies and argues for reform based on conceptions of negotiated justice, relational agency, and autonomy in dependence.The author develops a theoretical framework to explore how class is negotiated within youth justice, taking as its starting point the work of Bourdieu on habitus, Boltanski and Thévenot on the sociology of lay normativity, and Sayer's work on moral understandings of class. This is combined with a detailed reading of empirical material gathered through focus groups, interviews with practitioners, parents and children, and participant observation of parenting courses. The result is an innovative revisiting of the part that social class plays in determining who is diverted into and away from youth justice and a sustained theoretical and empirical argument for the continued importance of class in criminological research.This book offers an original contribution to the fields of criminology, youth justice, and crime and the family. It provides an important source of knowledge for academics and practitioners interested in discussions on social class and indirect discrimination.

This book is a biographical history of Rottnest Island, a small carceral island offshore from Western Australia. Rottnest is also known as Wadjemup, or "the place across the water where the spirits are", by Noongar, the Indigenous people of south-western Australia.Through a series of biographical case studies of the diverse individuals connected to the island, the book argues that their particular histories lend Rottnest Island a unique heritage in which ¿Indigenous, maritime, imperial, colonial, penal, and military histories intersect with histories of leisure and recreation. Tracing the way in which Wadjemup/Rottnest Island has been continually re-imagined and re-purposed throughout its history, the text explores the island's carceral history, which has left behind it a painful community memory.Today it is best known as a beach holiday destination, a reputation bolstered by the "quokka selfie" trend, the online posting of photographs taken with the island's cute native marsupial. This book will appeal to academic readers with an interest in Australian history, Aboriginal history, and the history of the British Empire, especially those interested in the burgeoning scholarship on the concept of "carceral archipelagos" and island prisons.

This book uses a controversial criminal immigration court procedure along the México-U.S. border called Operation Streamline as a rich setting to understand the identity management strategies employed by lawyers and judges.

This volume addresses major issues and research in corrections and sentencing with the goal of using previous research and findings as a platform for recommendations about future research, evaluation, and policy.The last several decades witnessed major policy changes in sentencing and corrections in the United States, as well as considerable research to identify the most effective strategies for addressing criminal behavior. These efforts included changes in sentencing that eliminated parole and imposed draconian sentences for violent and drug crimes. The federal government, followed by most states, implemented sentencing guidelines that greatly reduced the discretion of the courts to impose sentences. The results were a multifold increase in the numbers of individuals in jails and prisons and on community supervision-increases that have only recently crested. There were also efforts to engage prosecutors and the courts in diversion and oversight, including the development of prosecutorial diversion programs, as well as a variety of specialty courts. Penal reform has included efforts to understand the transitions from prison to the community, including federal-led efforts focused on reentry programming. Community corrections reforms have ranged from increased surveillance through drug testing, electronic monitoring, and in some cases, judicial oversight, to rehabilitative efforts driven by risk and needs assessment. More recently, the focus has included pretrial reform to reduce the number of people held in jail pending trial, efforts that have brought attention to the use of bail and its disproportionate impact on people of color and the poor.This collection of chapters from leading researchers addresses a wide array of the latest research in the field. A unique approach featuring responses to the original essays by active researchers spurs discussion and provides a foundation for developing directions for future research and policymaking.

This edited collection offers multi-disciplinary reflections and analysis on a variety of themes centred on nineteenth century executions in the UK, many specifically related to the fundamental change in capital punishment culture as the execution moved from the public arena to behind the prison wall. By examining a period of dramatic change in punishment practice, this collection of essays provides a fresh historical perspective on nineteenth century execution culture, with a focus on Scotland, Wales and the regions of England.From Public Spectacle to Hidden Ritual has two parts. Part 1 addresses the criminal body and the witnessing of executions in the nineteenth century, including studies of the execution crowd and executioners' memoirs, as well as reflections on the experience of narratives around capital punishment in museums in the present day. Part 2 explores the treatment of the execution experience in the print media, from the nineteenth and into the twentieth century.The collection draws together contributions from the fields of Heritage and Museum Studies, History, Law, Legal History and Literary Studies, to shed new light on execution culture in nineteenth century Britain. This volume will be of interest to students and academics in the fields of criminology, heritage and museum studies, history, law, legal history, medical humanities and socio-legal studies.

"The horrors of the Indian Residential Schools (IRS) are by now well-known historical facts. And they have certainly found purchase in the Canadian consciousness in recent years. The history of violence and the struggles of survivors for redress resulted in a Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC), which chronicled the harms inflicted by the residential schools and explored ways to address the social fallouts that have been left behind. One of those fallouts is the crisis of Indigenous over-incarceration. The residential schools may not be the only harmful process of colonization that fuels Indigenous over-incarceration. But it has been and continues to be a critical cause behind Indigenous incarceration, and arguably the most critical factor of all. It is likely that for almost every Indigenous person who ends up incarcerated, the residential schools will form an important part of the background, even for those who did not attend the schools. The legacy of harm the schools caused provide vivid and crucial links between Canadian colonialism and Indigenous over-incarceration. This book provides an account of the ongoing ties between the enduring traumas caused by the residential schools and Indigenous over-incarceration."--

Afhandlingen undersøger problemstillingen om princippet om medlemsstaters erstatningsansvars gennemførelse i national procesret fra to forskellige vinkler. Først fra en overordnet europæisk vinkel, og derefter fra en specifik dansk national vinkel.I den første del (den europæiske) undersøges hvilken rolle effektivitetsprincippet spiller ved gennemførelsen af princippet om medlemsstaters erstatningsansvar. Det sker først gennem en undersøgelse af princippet om national procesautonomi og dets rolle som selvstændig modvægt til effektivitetsprincippet.Derefter følger en undersøgelse af selve princippet om medlemsstaters erstatningsansvar, der viser hvordan princippet i sig selv udgør et retsmiddel knyttet til den processuelle autonomi

Grønland fik sin første kriminallov i 1954. Loven mindede på nogle punkter om den danske straffelov. Men hvad angik sanktionssystemet, vakte loven international opsigt ved at operere med »foranstaltninger« i stedet for »straf« og ved at udelukke indespærring, herunder fængsel, fra de foranstaltninger, som kredsretterne kunne anvende over for lovovertræderne. Kriminalloven er senere blevet ændret flere gange med klar inspiration fra det danske straffesystem, men fortsat uden brug af begreberne straf og fængsel. Foranstaltningerne indledes med et kapitel om foranstaltningssystemets historiske og retskulturelle baggrund, som er vigtig for forståelsen af gældende ret og dens terminologi. Bogens øvrige kapitler beskriver på traditionel retsdogmatisk vis de foranstaltninger, der indgår i det nuværende grønlandske kriminalretssystem. Desuden redegør den ud fra en analyse af de relevante retskilder for gældende ret angående foranstaltningernes anvendelse og fuldbyrdelse. Bogen bruges som lærebog for jurastuderende på Ilisimatusarfik (Grønlands Universitet), men er tillige et godt værktøj for alle, der arbejder med det grønlandske foranstaltningssystem. Hans Jørgen Engbo er jurist og har i mange år arbejdet som fængselschef i danske fængsler. I perioden 2013-2016 var han direktør for Kriminalforsorgen i Grønland. Han har i en årrække været ansat som ekstern lektor i strafferet ved Københavns Universitet og medvirker nu ved undervisning i kriminalret på Ilisimatusarfik

Strafferet 1 - Ansvaret er en udførlig gennemgang af reglerne om, hvornår en person eller en virksomhed er skyldig. Især de grundliggende og centrale problemer er udførligt behandlet: Hvordan fortolkes straffebestemmelser og hvorfor er det væsentligt, at straffebestemmelser formuleres klart og præcist?– Er det problematisk, at det i dag er muligt at straffe for psykisk vold i form af ”groft nedværdigende, forulempende eller krænkende adfærd”?– Hvorfor straffes en fodboldspiller, der slår ud efter en anden, ikke uden videre for vold?– Hvornår kræves forsæt, og hvad betyder kravet?– Har benzinkunden, der i distraktion forlader tanken uden at betale, forsæt til tyveri?– Hvad kræves for at straffe for forsøg?– Kan den, der alene undersøger mulighederne for at begå et tyveri, straffes?– Hvornår kan en person straffes for medvirken?– Kan en mor straffes, fordi hun ikke forhindrer samleverens vold mod sit barn?– Kan man straffes for at være fulgt med sin kammerat hen i en tøjbutik, hvor denne sjæler et par bukser?– Hvornår kan virksomheder straffes? Kan en virksomhed straffes for uagtsomt manddrab, hvis en medarbejder omkommer pga. dårligt arbejdsmiljø?– Kan en leder straffes for sine ansattes fejl?– Hvad er sammenhængen mellem jurisdiktionsreglerne og en straffebestemmelses gyldighedsområde?Bogen er skrevet som lærebog til jurastudiet, men i et sprog og med en lang række eksempler, så ikke-jurister også kan følge fremstillingen. Omfattende analyser af retspraksis og udførlige registre gør den velegnet som håndbog for dommere, anklagere og forsvarere.Lasse Lund Madsen er professor i strafferet ved Aarhus Universitet

På vej hjem fra en middag med sine advokatkollegaer bliver Ernst Hvidkilde involveret i en trafikulykke med dødelig udgang. Hvidkilde er netop blevet udnævnt til højesteretsdommer, og for at beskytte sin karriere og sit ægteskab beslutter han at lyve for både politiet og sin kone. Men et vidne har filmet ulykken, og snart begynder Hvidkilde at modtage anonyme trusler. Få dage efter findes højesteretssagfører Mogensen myrdet i det såkaldte 'Advokatværelse' i Højesteret, hvor kun advokater og retsbetjente har adgang. Mistanken retter sig straks mod advokat John Anderson, der repræsenterer Mogensens modpart i en stor sag om kopivarer - selv samme sag som højesteretsdommer Ernst Hvikilde snart skal dømme i. At der er en forbindelse mellem de to sager, er kriminalpolitiet ikke i tvivl om. Men ingen i det lukkede og ind­spiste advokatmiljø har tilsyneladende nogen interesse i at medvirke til opklaringen. "Hæderværdige Højesteret" går i bogstaveligste forstand bag kulisserne på det danske retsvæsen og giver et fascinerende indblik i en verden, hvor sandheden kan gradbøjes, og private moralbegreber må vige for økonomiske hensyn.

The CRS Reports that comprise this book examines criminal justice issues we are currently facing in the United States. The first chapter examines mental incompetency and firearms ineligibility, and amendments to acts such as the Restoring Americans Healthcare Freedom Reconciliation Act, which were initiated after the mass shootings in San Bernardino in December 2015 and in Orlando in June 2016. The next report examines how domestic terrorism, hate crime and homegrown violent extremism relate and differ from one another and current trends. Additional reports include an overview on human trafficking trends, background, federal programs and