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Hvad lægger politikerne til grund, når de træffer beslutninger? Er det værdibaserede holdninger og ideologi eller faktabaseret viden? Er det følelser eller fornuft?Med udgangspunkt i de seneste års udvikling i dansk mediepolitik argumenterer Christian S. Nissen for, at politik ikke længere kan forstås og begrundes alene med den rene fornuft og rationelle argumenter, men først og fremmest må bygge på værdier, holdninger og ideologi.Spørgsmålet er så, om Folketinget og regeringen med den særlige beslutningskultur på Christiansborg kan håndtere stridende værdier og ideologi og udmønte det i en praktisk politik? Kan der skabes et større rum for idébåren politik. En modvægt til en stadig mere fremherskende teknokratisering af de politiske kulturer i det moderne samfund, der har afpolitiseret politikdannelsen og skabt en kløft mellem en politisk-administrativ elite og en fremmedgjort vælgerbefolkning. En politisk beslutningskultur, hvor der nærmest ikke længere er brug for politikere.De spørgsmål har forfatteren sat sig for at belyse ved at følge medieforhandlingerne i perioden 2017-19. Hvordan spillede kulturelle, teknologiske, økonomiske og politiske forhold ind i beslutningerne om public service-mediernes indretning og udvikling? Hvad lagde politikerne til grund for deres beslutninger? Var det ideologi, sund fornuft – eller gammelt nag?Bogen følger det taktiske spil op til medieaftalen i juni 2018 og frem til og med S-regerings forkastelse af aftalen. Indflettet i dette forløb belyser bogen det danske mediemarked under de globale mediekoncerners stigende dominans og striden om DR’s størrelse og rolle.
Opslagsværket for alle, der er engagerede og aktive i idræt!Når man er fysisk aktiv, risikerer man altid overbelastnings- og traumatiske skader. Når disse forekommer, er det vigtigt at reagere tidligt samt at sikre hurtig diagnostik og korrekt behandling, så skadesvarigheden kan reduceres mest muligt. IDRÆTSSKADEBOGEN er en gennemgribende opdatering af den populære førsteudgave fra 2007. I 27 kapitler gennemgås de væsentligste aspekter af idrætsskader ud fra den nyeste viden. Bogens første halvdel beskriver bl.a. de samfundsmæssige aspekter af idræt, funktionen af det muskuloskeletale væv, de enkelte komponenters reaktion på belastning og skader samt generelle diagnostiske og behandlingsmæssige principper, herunder genoptræningsstrategier og forebyggelse. I særskilte kapitler behandles også styrketræning, doping, forsikring og idrætsskader hos børn og unge. I bogens anden halvdel gennemgås specifikke skader i de enkelte anatomiske regioner, og slutteligt findes nu et nyt kapitel med en samlet oversigt over red flags, så læseren hurtigt kan orientere sig i akutte og subakutte idrætsskader. I tillæg findes en ordforklaringsliste over nogle af de hyppigst anvendte fagtermer.Bogen henvender sig til idrætsudøvere, trænere og behandlere på alle niveauer – fra fritidsidræt til konkurrenceidræt på højt niveau. Bogen er skrevet af et kompetent og fagligt specialiseret forfatterhold med vægt på en formidling, der gør stoffet tilgængeligt for både de idrætsengagerede samt læger, fysioterapeuter og kiropraktorer, herunder studerende.
Bogen introducerer til mange forskellige måder at arbejde med bevægelse på i skolen. Til disse måders pædagogiske baggrund, samt til hvilke handlemuligheder lærere har for at inddrage bevægelse i skolen.
Den teknologiske udvikling i de sidste årtier har givet anledning til nye aftaleindgåelsesmåder, og der er kommet stadigt mere fokus på behovet for forbrugerbeskyttelse. Som følge heraf er forbrugeraftaleloven ændret flere gange siden 1978, hvor den første forbrugeraftalelov blev vedtaget i Danmark. Flere af ændringerne er udtryk for gennemførelse af EU-direktiver, senest ved implementering af forbrugerrettighedsdirektivet i dansk ret ved lov nr. 1457 af 17. december 2013, som trådte i kraft den 13. juni 2014.Denne lovkommentar indeholder en omfattende, opdateret og videnskabelig gennemgang og analyse af forbrugeraftaleloven, dens forarbejder, tilhørende retningslinjer, dansk og EU-retlig praksis osv. Også tilgrænsende regelsæt, f.eks. markedsføringsloven og e-handelsloven, samt almindelige formueretlige regler inddrages i fremstillingen.Fremstillingen følger lovens systematik. Kommentarerne er knyttet til de konkrete, sproglige udtryk i lovens enkelte bestemmelser, men er også problemorienteret. Indholdet af kommentarerne til lovbestemmelserne fremgår af en oversigt under hver enkelt paragraf.
This book provides detailed descriptions of material design, from the development of new materials and innovation to the promotion of social acceptance of the products invented. After developing a clay-based film and applying for many related patents, the author engaged in consortium-based development, where different companies simultaneously developed multiple products using the raw material. Throughout this process, the author discovered that developing high-value-added products using new materials requires extensive time and cooperation among various stakeholders. The author coined the term "integrated development" to describe this collaborative approach. This book serves as a guide to the integrated development, presenting numerous examples and generalizations to enable readers to practice integrated development.This book is aimed at material experts, development leaders in companies, research institutes, and support organizations. The most important skills for each stage of development are organized into chapters in sequential order. However, each chapter is independent, allowing readers to focus on the specific chapter they need. The knowledge presented in this book can be utilized to design new materials required across various industries.The English translation of this book from its Japanese original manuscript was done with the help of artificial intelligence. A subsequent human revision of the content was done by the author.
This book analyses how China has engaged in global IP governance and the implications of its engagement for global distributive justice. It investigates five cases on Chinäs IP engagement in geographical indications, the disclosure obligation, IP and standardisation, and its bilateral and multilateral IP engagement. It takes a regulation-oriented approach to examine substate and non-state actors involved in Chinäs global IP engagement, identifies principles that have guided or constrained its engagement, and discusses strategies actors have used in managing the principles. Its focus on engagement directs attention to processes instead of outcomes, which enables a more nuanced understanding of the role that China plays in global IP governance than the dichotomic categorisation of China either as a global IP rule-taker or rule-maker.This book identifies two groups of strategies that China has used in its global IP engagement: forum and agenda-related strategies and principle-related strategies. The first group concerns questions of where and how China has advanced its IP agenda, including multi-forum engagement, dissembling, and more cohesive responsive engagement. The second group consists of strategies to achieve a certain principle or manage contesting principles, including modelling and balancing. It shows that Chinäs deployment of engagement strategies makes its IP system similar to those of the EU and the US. Its balancing strategy has led to constructed inconsistency of its IP positions across forums. This book argues that China still has some way to go to influence global IP agenda-setting in a way matching its status as the second largest economy.
This book evaluates how the legal, institutional and policy frameworks for Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) in the United States, South Africa and Kenya have addressed the current needs and challenges involved in these systems¿ operation and integration into regulatory frameworks for civil aviation. It shows how the three states have developed their own constitutional frameworks, legislation, regulations, policies and strategic plans to address the challenges that emanate from integrating UAS into the civil aviation airspace.The book details the three countries¿ integration experiences, investigating the extent to which existing international regulatory frameworks address the various concerns, and identifies the common thread that runs through UAS regulation, as well as each country¿s unique issues and path to integration. Recognizing that the approach for integration of UAS into civil aviation needs to be gradual and pragmatic, the book recommends scalingup institutional capacity, coordination and funding, and intensifying regional efforts to redefine and support UAS integration.
This book summarizes around 200 most recent patent administrative litigation cases concluded by the Intellectual Property Court of the Supreme People's Court of China in the form of restatements. It discusses the similarities and differences in claim construction, full disclosure, definiteness of claims, nature of reexamination and ex officio review in the context of recent patent administrative litigation cases. It is conducive to the implementation of unified review standards and achievement of a fair trial by using typical cases as guidance in the application of patent law. This book could be used as a reference book for judges, researchers, and practitioners.
This book examines the impact of artificial intelligence on competition and antitrust in today's global digital economy. It scrutinizes the economic and legal ramifications of Artificial Intelligence (AI), addressing the challenges it presents to competition and the law.Beginning with an analysis of AI's developments across various economic sectors, the book highlights the need for updated legislation. It focuses on the digital economy, emphasizing digital platforms' role in shaping competition. Econometric investigations and a novel index assess competition's influence on foreign direct investment and multinational enterprises. Comparing competition practices across jurisdictions like the EU, US, Germany, and China, the book uncovers commonalities and differences in competition law principles. It also explores various theories on competition and competition law, seeking convergence or divergence.This book is an essential resource for scholars, legal professionals,policymakers, and anyone seeking a better understanding of how AI is reshaping competition and antitrust in the digital age.
Can we regulate something that doesn¿t exist yet? Can Europe create its own Silicon Valley? Who gets to create technological value in today¿s world? Whatever happened to the once-flourishing idea of rags to riches? Will new and exciting innovations only ever come from big tech companies? Can the EU establish its own flexible framework for boosting innovation, e.g. by facilitating the transformative use of technologies and data?This book seeks to answer these questions by exploring the differences in copyright culture in Europe and the United States, with its flexible fair use framework. The findings are anything but obvious, and decades of case law on both sides of the Atlantic tell a story of judges going to great lengths to deal with new challenges while navigating the imperfections of statutory law ¿ both where it is too broadly formulated and where it is too prescriptive.How can the population¿s creative potential best be fostered? What do software innovations have in common with the evolution of living organisms? What are the vulnerabilities of distributed creativity? Answers are sought in the processes that came into being during the early years of the digital revolution and were then forced to take a back seat as control of the means of production was increasingly placed in the hands of tech companies. The findings and insights presented here are highly relevant for today¿s digital policymaking. Market concentration processes in innovation haven¿t ceased; they are ongoing. And in an age where data-driven services are creating and reinforcing global oligopolies, the question posed by the U.S. Supreme Court in Google v. Oracle is now more relevant than ever: who should hold the keys to digital innovation?
Dieses Praktikerhandbuch gibt einen praxisnahen Überblick über die Vorgaben der DSGVO und das deutsche Datenschutzrecht. Das Handbuch widmet sich unter anderem den organisatorischen und materiellen Datenschutzanforderungen, den Rechten der betroffenen Personen, der Rolle der Aufsichtsbehörden, den Schadensersatzanspüchen und den Bußgeldern nach der Verordnung, sowie deutschen nationalen Besonderheiten. Es enthält zahlreiche Praxishinweise und Anwendungsbeispiele sowie eine kompakte Übersicht zu den datenschutzrechtlichen Vorgaben für ausgewählte Verarbeitungssituationen mit hoher Praxisrelevanz, wie Cloud Computing, Big Data und Künstliche Intelligenz. Das Handbuch wurde für die zweite Auflage vollständig überarbeitet und berücksichtigt umfangreich neue datenschutzrechtliche Rechtsprechung und Behördenstellungnahmen.
As computational power, the volume of available data, IT systems¿ autonomy, and the human-like capabilities of machines increase, robots and AI systems have substantial and growing implications for the law and raise a host of challenges to current legal doctrines. The main question to be answered is whether the foundations and general principles of private law and criminal law offer a functional and adaptive legal framework for the ¿autonomous systems¿ phenomena.The main purpose of this book is to identify and explore possible trajectories for the development of civil and criminal liability; for our understanding of the attribution link to autonomous systems; and, in particular, for the punishment of unlawful conduct in connection with their operation. AI decision-making processes ¿ including judicial sentencing ¿ also warrant close attention in this regard.Since AI is moving faster than the process of regulatory recalibration, this book provides valuable insights on its redesign and on the harmonization, at the European level, of the current regulatory frameworks, in order to keep pace with technological changes.Providing a broader and more comprehensive picture of the legal challenges posed by autonomous systems, this book covers a wide range of topics, including the regulation of autonomous vehicles, data protection and governance, personality rights, intellectual property, corporate governance, and contract conclusion and termination issues arising from automated decisions, blockchain technology and AI applications, particularly in the banking and finance sectors.The authors are legal experts from around the world with extensive academic and/or practical experience in these areas.
The book deals with the effective operation of the rules related to biomedical research and pays attention to the activities of the national legislatures of the 27 Member States in the field of scientific research. This multilevel system has an impact on biobanking activity. The book answers questions realized by operators on the main biobanks around the EU in the field of GDPR. The authors and editors used the questions born from brainstorming among members of the Association European, Middle East & Africa for Biopreservation and Biobanking (ESBB) to offer to the operators in biobanking activity and researchers quickly answer to their daily questions, but with authors highest quality. Further the book provides a comprehensive review of the rapidly expanding field of biobanking. It provides researchers and scholars working on biobanking and bio-sharing and more in general in the university hospitals and clinical trial consortiums, and companies, biomedical researchers, but also jurists and the professionals (in particular judges, lawyers, officers) an instrument rigorous but easy to use of the GDPR in the case of biobanking activities. The book identifies a methodological path to tackle the legal or ethical problem on a specific scientific-technological to verify existing solutions and give ideas for future applications. The importance of the legal solution influences the implementation of the development of the biobanking activity service itself.
Der Terminus Legal Tech ist in der rechtswissenschaftlichen Debatte omnipräsent. Eine kontrovers diskutierte Erscheinungsform dieses schillernden Begriffs sind sogenannte Legal Tech-Portale. Diese richten sich nicht an professionelle Rechtsanwender, sondern unmittelbar an die rechtsuchende Bevölkerung. Gemein ist den Angeboten, dass für den Kunden individualisierte juristische Dienstleistungen erbracht werden. Die Arbeit setzt sich umfassend mit den verschiedenen, derzeit auf dem Markt befindlichen Angeboten auseinander. Sie beschränkt sich dabei nicht auf eine Untersuchung der Zulässigkeit de lege lata, sondern bewertet auch den bestehenden Rechtsrahmen und unterbreitet Vorschläge für Regelungen de lege ferenda.
Markus Beil untersucht in diesem Buch die Zulässigkeit digitaler Versammlungen auf verschiedenen Ebenen. Einen Schwerpunkt bildet die Untersuchung, ob Parteitage sowie Aufstellungsversammlungen für Wahlbewerber digital durchgeführt werden könnten. Ebenfalls wird die Möglichkeit digitaler Bundestagssitzungen untersucht sowie die Zulässigkeit digitaler Sitzungen von kommunalen Vertretungsorganen. Zuletzt wird auf die Möglichkeit digitaler Gesellschafterversammlungen und die jüngst ergangenen Gesetzesänderungen eingegangen.
Der Band versammelt die um Anmerkungen ergänzten Vorträge zu verfassungs- und medienrechtlichen Fragen, die am 8. Februar 2020 an der Universität Passau im Rahmen des Symposiums aus Anlass des 80. Geburtstages von Herbert Bethge zu Ehren des Jubilars und in Würdigung seines rechtswissenschaftlichen Lebenswerks gehalten worden sind.
This book gathers contributions from a broad range of jurisdictions, written by practitioners and academics alike, and offers an unparalleled comparative view of key issues in competition law, intellectual property and unfair competition law, with a specific focus on the use of personal data. The first part focuses on the role of competition law in shaping the digital economy. It discusses the use of personal data, the market power of platforms, the assessment of free services, and more broadly the responsibility of dominant companies in the smooth functioning of the digital economy. In turn, the second part sheds light on how the conduct of influencers, native advertising and the use of AI for marketing purposes can be controlled by the law, focusing on the use of personal data and the impact of behavioral advertising on consumers. In this regard, the book brings together the current legal responses across a number of European and other countries, all summarized and elaborated on in the form of two international reports.The LIDC is a long-standing international association that focuses on the interface between competition law and intellectual property law, including unfair competition issues.
This book provides a comprehensive analysis of the regulatory challenges and legal barriers surrounding the MaaS concept in the EU. By evaluating MaaS against existing EU legal frameworks on data sharing, competition, transport law and beyond, this research seeks to shed light on the regulatory implications of the MaaS concept. It employs a problem-based approach and qualitative doctrinal legal research methodology to assess the potential of MaaS in enhancing the efficiency, accessibility, sustainability, digitalization, multimodality, competitiveness, and convenience of the EU passenger transport sector, while identifying shortcomings in current EU regulatory frameworks that may impede its growth and analysing potential harms that rise of MaaS might cause to competition and users. The book concludes by providing recommendations aimed at enhancing the EU legal frameworks, with the goal of establishing a unified and harmonized framework that promotes an open, competitive, and multimodal MaaS market. In summary, producing a book on the regulatory challenges of MaaS in the EU now can contribute to the ongoing discourse, provide valuable insights, and offer guidance for policymakers, regulators, industry stakeholders, and researchers involved in shaping the future of mobility.
With the growing capabilities of artificial intelligence, governments are integrating AI technologies into administrative and even judicial decision-making, aiding and in some cases even replacing human decision-makers. Predictive policing, automated benefits administration, and automated risk assessment in criminal sentencing are but a few prominent examples of a general trend. While the turn towards governmental automated decision-making promises to reduce the impact of human biases and produce efficiency gains, reducing the human element in governmental decision-making also entails significant risks. This book analyses these risks through a comparative constitutional law and human rights lens, examining US law, German law, and international human rights law. It also highlights the structural challenges that automation poses for legal systems built on the assumption of exclusively human decision-making. Special attention is paid to the question whether existing law can adequately address the lack of transparency in governmental automated decision-making, its discriminatory processes and outcomes, as well as its fundamental challenge to human agency. Building on that analysis, it proposes a path towards securing the values of human dignity and agency at the heart of democratic societies and the rule of law in an increasingly automated world. This book will be of interest to researchers and scholars focusing on the evolving relationship of law and technology as well as human rights scholars. Further, it represents a valuable contribution to the debate on the regulation of artificial intelligence and the role human rights can play in that process.
This book focuses on the development of artificial intelligence and rule of law in the world, by collecting and summarizing the information about the development of artificial intelligence and rule of law in China and the world, covering topics like AI strategy, policy, law, theoretical research and practical application, etc. It makes an in-depth analysis so as to provide an objective, fair and accurate report. The purpose is to promote the study of AI and law, promote the construction of AI and rule of law system and create an AI and rule of law environment. In particular, it aims to play an active role in promoting the establishment of legislative norms, legal systems, policy systems and ethical norms that are compatible with the innovative development of AI, promoting the implementation of a new generation of national AI development strategies, ensuring the safe, reliable, controllable, healthy and sustainable development of AI. It is hoped that this book may provide useful reference for researchers of AI and law.
This book focuses on the development of artificial intelligence and rule of law in the current world. It covers topics such as AI strategy, policy, law, theoretical research, and practical application. Through an in-depth analysis and thorough evaluation, this book provides a more objective, fair, accurate and comprehensive report. The purpose is to lead the AI and rule of law research and create an AI and rule of law environment which is conducive to the construction of AI and rule of law system. In particular, it aims to play an active role in promoting the establishment of legal systems, policy systems, and codes of ethics that are compatible with the innovative development of AI, thus facilitating the implementation of a new generation of AI development strategies, and ensuring the safe, reliable, controllable, healthy, and sustainable development of AI.
This book is a reflection on domestic intellectual property lawmaking from a developing country's perspective. It focuses on Sri Lanka-a South Asian jurisdiction with a socio-economic, cultural, and political landscape similar to other developing nations in the region, but the intellectual property regime of which has been less explored. The aim of this book is to address the discrepancies, gaps, and flaws in the national intellectual property legal framework of Sri Lanka. In doing so, the book considers Sri Lanka's obligations under TRIPS and other related intellectual property treaties to which the country is a party. The book also examines approaches adopted by developing countries in the region and beyond, as well as other more developed nations, in calibrating Sri Lanka's domestic intellectual property regime to better address the country's domestic needs and national interests. The approach adopted in this book is of relevance, more generally, to policymakers, legislators, legal academics, scholars, jurists, legal practitioners and judges who are keen on exploring the extent to which domestic intellectual property legislation complies with international intellectual property norms and standards and, more importantly, the extent to which domestic law makes use of the flexibilities under international law in addressing domestic needs and national interests.
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