Fysiologi

Endocrine Self-Assessment Program (ESAP), Reference Edition 2023 is a self-study resource for physicians and health professionals wanting a self-assessment and broad review of endocrinology. It consists of approximately 120 multiple-choice questions in the areas of endocrinology, diabetes, and metabolism. Correct answers for each question are extensively discussed, with references provided, and the volume also contains a comprehensive syllabus. CME, MOC, online module not included. Updated annually.

Schenk's Theory: The Determination of Sex, a classical book, has been considered important throughout the human history, and so that this work is never forgotten we at Alpha Editions have made efforts in its preservation by republishing this book in a modern format for present and future generations. This whole book has been reformatted, retyped and designed. These books are not made of scanned copies of their original work and hence the text is clear and readable.

Biochemical Immunology of Diabetes and Associated Complications offers in-depth coverage of the association of biochemical and immunological aspects of the human body in diabetes. It discusses the suppression and modulation of the immune system and the impact of immunochemicals on the biochemical pathways in diabetes, along with associated complications. The book enumerates the exigency in knowledge about the immunomodulators as therapeutic targets to cure the syndrome. It will serve as an important reference for medical practitioners, researchers, medical students, masters and doctoral students. In addition, it could also be used as a reference for science graduates, science teachers, and researchers.

Tauchen Sie ein in die Welt der Epigenetik, die Ihnen erklärt, wie Sie Ihre Gesundheit fördern und das Beste aus sich selbst herausholen können. Zunächst führt Sie das Werk in die molekularen Grundlagen ein, wie jede einzelne Zelle funktioniert und Information über ihre Umgebung verarbeitet. Letzteres hat sehr viel mit Epigenetik zu tun, die ein zentrales Thema in diesem Buch ist. Die Epigenetik, die für die Identität der mehr als 400 verschiedenen Zelltypen unseres Körpers entscheidend ist, hat auch einen dynamischen Aspekt. Sie lernen, wie intrazellulärer Signalübertragungswege über extrazelluläre Signale aktiviert werden und damit Transkriptionsfaktoren und Chromatin-modifizierenden Enzymen beeinflussen. Viele dieser Signale stammen direkt oder indirekt von unserer Ernährung. Letztere ist das wichtigste externe Signal, dem wir täglich ausgesetzt sind. Das führt zum zweiten zentralen Thema dieses Buches, der Nutrigenomik. Die Nahrung, die wir täglich zu uns nehmen, ist weit mehr als eine Ansammlung von Kohlenhydraten, Proteinen, Lipiden, Vitaminen und Mineralien, die Energie und Bausteine für unseren Körper liefert. Das faszinierende Fachgebiet der Nutrigenomik beschreibt die Wechselwirkung zwischen Nahrungsmolekülen, ihren Metaboliten und unserem (Epi)genom. Viele Nahrungsbestandteile, wie beispielsweise ungesättigte Fettsäuren, aktivieren direkt Transkriptionsfaktoren oder verursachen Veränderungen in den Konzentrationen von Metaboliten. Diese beeinflussen wiederum die Aktivität von Chromatin-modifizierenden Enzymen. Auf diese Weise ¿sprechen¿ Moleküle unseres Frühstücks, Mittagessen oder Abendessen mit unserem Genom bzw. Epigenom. Tauchen Sie ein in die faszinierende Welt der Selbstheilung und Verantwortung für Ihre Gesundheit!

Obesity is a major risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes and its associated complications, a major socio-economic burden for health care systems. The worldwide prevalence of obesity doubled since 1980 and as a consequence the number of patients with diabetes has been continuously rising with more than 450 Mio. people suffering from this disease at the present time. Substantial progress has been made in understanding the molecular pathways leading from excessive fat accumulation to metabolic perturbation and finally diabetes manifestation. This edition of the "e;Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology"e; aims to analyze new insight into the pathophysiology of obesity, to decipher the complex links to diabetes and its complications, and to collect most recent information on new strategies for prevention and treatment of obesity and diabetes.

This edited volumeaims to describe physiological and pathophysiological mechanisms that underlie human maternal-fetal interactions. The book emphasizes the structure and development of the fetoplacental unit, the endocrine and nutritional regulation of fetal development, nitric oxide signalling, solute carriers function and ion channels regulation in healthy pregnancies and diseases, like preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, and maternal obesity, among others. Also, we highlight novel mechanisms associated with language impairment in children, the use of serotonin inhibitors or cannabis during pregnancy, and maternal conditions' potential impact on cerebrovascular development in newborns and infants. The cellular and molecular understanding of maternal-fetal physiology and pathophysiology will allow the readers to understand the impact of diseases or conditions that are highly prevalent in pregnant women.

Asthma is a common chronic respiratory disease that causes substantial morbidity and has been challenging to treat due to its heterogeneous onset, environmental triggers, severity, and treatment response. To update the field on the rapid advances in this field, Precision Approaches to Heterogeneity in Asthma follows its highly successful predecessor, Heterogeneity in Asthma. In this new volume, noted authorities Allan R Brasier and Nizar N Jarjour and a cadre of leaders in the field incorporate new work advancing our understanding of phenotypes (endotypes) of disease, regional variations in ventilation, systems approach to analyzing the findings from studies of inducible phenotypes, and emerging results of biomarker-informed clinical trials. This work will facilitate our current understanding of the spectrum of disease etiology, prognosis, and the likelihood of responding to the range of available therapeutic interventions.

In this Edited Volume, a diverse group of exercise metabolism experts, assembled a multi-facetted collection of fascinating contributions. The chapters focus on metabolism during exercise, including anaerobic and aerobic metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism (separate chapters on muscle glycogen and blood glucose), fat metabolism (separate chapters on muscle and adipose tissue) and protein metabolism. Readers will find discussion on various tissues in addition to skeletal muscle, such as liver, heart and brain metabolism during exercise. In addition, the book includes chapters on other perspectives such as thermodynamic and bioenergetic aspects of exercise and a dive into history. Another focal point is on the effects of exercise in relation to training, age, sex, fatigue and the circadian rhythm.This contemporary collection will be an essential resource for Physiologists, Sports Scientists, Coaches, Athletes and students alike. 

F.M. Alexander (1869-1955) was an Australian actor who began to experience chronic laryngitis whenever he performed. When his doctors could not help him, Alexander discovered a solution on his own. He had not been aware that excess tension in his neck and body were causing his problems, and began to find new ways to speak and move with greater ease.His health improved to such an extent that his friends and several of the doctors he had consulted earlier persuaded him to teach others what he had learned. Over a career span of more than fifty years, he refined his method of instruction. After teaching for over 35 years, he began to train teachers of what has now become known as the Alexander Technique.Written by the founder of the Alexander Technique, this book lays down some of the foundation principles in regards to posture, body use, 'conscious guidance' of movement, habit, and the Alexander Technique in general. Man's Supreme Inheritance sets the scene for how the Alexander Technique started and where it currently sits today.

Step into the shoes of Bob Austin as he navigates life, love, and self-discovery in a society often ill-equipped to handle his unique experience. "Size and Sensibility: The Large Penis Life" is an honest, insightful, and occasionally cheeky exploration of the seldom-discussed realities of being a man with a large penis. Through tales of friendship, intimacy, hardship, and triumph, Austin weaves a narrative that is both deeply personal and universally relatable, breaking taboos and fostering understanding along the way. Whether you're seeking to understand, to relate, or simply to learn, this candid account promises a journey of enlightenment, laughter, and growth.Step into the shoes of Bob Austin as he navigates life, love, and self-discovery in a society often ill-equipped to handle his unique experience. "Size and Sensibility: The Large Penis Life" is an honest, insightful, and occasionally cheeky exploration of the seldom-discussed realities of being a man with a large penis. Through tales of friendship, intimacy, hardship, and triumph, Austin weaves a narrative that is both deeply personal and universally relatable, breaking taboos and fostering understanding along the way. Whether you're seeking to understand, to relate, or simply to learn, this candid account promises a journey of enlightenment, laughter, and growth.

In the mid- to late-twentieth century, large scientific conflicts flared in two seemingly distinct fields of scientific inquiry.  In bioenergetics, which examines how organisms obtain and utilize energy, the chemiosmotic hypothesis of Mitchell suggested a novel mechanism for energy conversion. In evolutionary biology, meanwhile, Wynne Edwards strongly articulated the view that organisms may act for the "e;good of the group."e;  This work crystalized a long history of imprecise thinking about the evolution of cooperation. While both controversies have received ample attention, no one has ever suggested that one might inform the other, i.e., that energy metabolism in general and chemiosmosis in particular might be relevant to the evolution of cooperation. The central idea is nevertheless remarkably simple. Chemiosmosis rapidly converts energy, and once storage capacity is exceeded, an overabundance of product has various negative consequences.  While to some extent chemiosmotic processes can be modulated, under certain circumstances it is also possible to simply disperse the products into the environment.This book argues that these two heretofore distinct scientific disciplines are connected, thereby suggesting that a ubiquitous process of energy conversion may underlie the evolution of cooperation and link major transitions in the history of life that have been regarded as mechanistically unrelated.

This new edition discusses classical aspects of cellular physiology and the metabolism of physical exercise, as well as novel topics like exercise in transplantation and exercise in beta-cell failure, which mark the frontiers of research in sport-related sciences and research. The team of authors together with the editor are world-renowned experts in the field of physiology and metabolism applied to sport sciences. In order to make the book answering also to current pandemic clinical issue, this second edition includes new chapters, specifically dealing with COVID-related issues.Exercise physiologists, biologists and physicians will benefit from this book. However, the comprehensive nature of the content makes this publication suitable also for university classes of graduate and undergraduate student.

The goal of this book is to provide a guide and detailed review of immunosuppression in terms of molecular mechanisms of action, side effects and clinical trials that validated their utility. This includes their use in solid organ transplantation, bone marrow transplantation and autoimmune diseases and inflammatory diseases. This book is a critical review of these topics and a vital resource.

In Faith Embodied, scientist, physician, and pastor Stephen Ko makes the connection between spiritual and physical health. Weaving together insights from faith, science, and medicine, Ko explains how to live and worship incarnationally and glorify God with our bodies.

This book has been developed to provide a detailed discussion of probiotics, which have been evaluated for use predominantly in fish and shellfish aquaculture. This book highlights strengths and weaknesses in knowledge and discusses gaps that need to be addressed. There has been a great deal of research concerning the use of probiotics in aquaculture. To date, a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and some eukaryotes, i.e. yeasts and unicellular algae, has been reported to be beneficial to aquatic hosts.  Following oral uptake, benefit includes improved growth performance and protection against many bacteria and some parasitic diseases. This book will be suitable for scientists, veterinarians, professionals, and senior students involved in aquaculture. 

Parathyroid glands regulate the levels of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and vitamin D in the human body via the secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH). There are several disorders that can affect the parathyroid glands. These can be genetic, idiopathic, or iatrogenic and can cause poor quality of life, depression, and anxiety. This book discusses parathyroid glands, the importance of proper detection of PTH, parathyroid gland pathophysiology, bone dynamics and dentistry, and genetic diseases of the parathyroid glands.

Inherited White Matter Disorders and Their Mimics, Volume 204 discusses where imaging abnormalities and pathology lie predominantly in the CNS white matter. Many acquired causes, such as multiple sclerosis, are readily diagnosed and familiar to the majority of neurologists. However, less common acquired causes and genetic disorders (the leukodystrophies and genetic leukoencephalopathies) often present a diagnostic challenge. The evaluation of patients with White matter disorders (WMDs) has evolved enormously in recent decades, due to advances in genetics, radiology, and the development of treatments for specific disorders. This book brings together WMD research, spanning basic science, molecular genetics, and clinical and radiological phenotyping. This volume presents both common WMDs and rare disorders according to their presentations or pathophysiology. Chapters lay out the clinical and radiological presentation of the disorder, followed by genetics and diagnostics, and finally discussion of pathophysiology and treatment. Chapter contain imaging, clinical pearls to diagnosis, and reference tables for genotype-phenotype correlation. For diagnostic work-up, easy to read algorithms are presented as well as clear guidance on indications for treatment, where applicable.

Neurological Channelopathies, Volume 203 begins with an introductory overview highlighting common mechanistic themes that cut across different CNS and PNS presentations, but that also have potential for common treatment approaches, considering classification, genetics, and fundamental physiology of ion channels. Subsequent chapters present a detailed consideration of all genetic and immunological channelopathies. Each chapter considers Pathophysiological underpinnings - genetic or immunological; Clinical presentations; Diagnostic approach; and Treatment and management.In the last 15 years, a combination of detailed clinical, genetic, molecular electrophysiological, and immunological research has combined to result in a deep understanding of a subgroup of neurological diseases spanning the central and peripheral nervous system and which have become known collectively as the Neurological Channelopathies. Although it was originally considered that significant ion channel dysfunction would not be compatible with life, we now know this is often not the case, although severe disease can often be the result. Given these major advances, it is now the right time to combine this knowledge into a single HCN volume dedicated to the topics at hand.

Cell and Gene Therapies for Neurologic Diseases, Volume 205 comprehensively covers the scientific background, translational efforts, clinical developments and registered biologics that have entered into clinical practice. Coverage includes types of therapies available and in development, and best practice uses for a variety of neurological disorders including Parkinson’s, Huntington’s, ALS, stroke, spinal cord RP, demyelination, and epilepsy. As the emergence of gene and cellular therapeutics has changed the clinical landscape for a variety of disorders, and is now ready to do so for neurological diseases, these therapeutic modalities currently complement, and may in time, supplant small molecule drugs.

The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus has affected nearly every country and territory in the world. Although worldwide vaccination efforts have reduced the risk of serious disease outcomes, disparities in distribution have led to multiple waves of SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks and the emergence of variants of concern, some of which have enhanced infectivity and ability to evade existing vaccines. Hence there is an increasing interest in understanding the evolution of viruses like SARS-CoV-2, as well as improving our capacity to effectively current and manage future pandemics.This new volume reviews the most effective omic techniques for increasing our understanding of COVID-19, to improve diagnostics, prognostics, and genomic surveillance, and to facilitate development of effective treatments and vaccines. Chapters are written by an international team of experts and explore methods in the areas of genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics. Techniques used toassess physiological function at the molecular level and artificial intelligence approaches used for more effective validation and translation of biomarker candidates into clinical use are also discussed. This book is an excellent resource for researchers studying biomarkers, virology, metabolic diseases, and infectious diseases, as well as clinical scientists, physicians, drug company scientists, and healthcare workers.

"A science-based, data-driven, and global exploration of racial disparities in health care access by virologist, immunologist, and science journalist Layal Liverpool, arguing that racism affects our biology"--

"How the new science of the heart is using biology, engineering, and mathematics to help prevent and cure heart disease"--

The book will contain reviews and brief research articles from the participants attending the International Society for Arterial Chemoreception (ISAC) meeting, to be held in Lisbon in Portugal in June/July 2020. Since ISAC was first established, almost 70 years ago, many advances in the classical field of arterial O2, CO2 and pH sensing have been achieved but the most impressive ones are probably related to the non-canonical roles of the carotid body, as its involvement in sympatho-mediated diseases. Over the recent years, the carotid body field has gained attention with the findings that carotid body dysfunction is associated with the development/maintenance of highly prevalent diseases from cardio-metabolic diseases to asthma. Knowing that most of the patients with these pathologies lack long-term disease control, it is imperative to define new pathophysiological mechanisms aiming to find new therapeutic targets for treatment and prevention. This book will cover a broad range of topics related, not only with the fundamental knowledge of the mechanisms related with the chemical sensing in the carotid body, but also with the adaptive and mal-adaptive responses of arterial chemoreceptors to O2-dependent and O2-independent mechanisms, namely with their impact on respiratory, cardiovascular, and metabolic homeostasis in healthy and disease conditions. This volume will be required text for all the researchers in the field of arterial chemoreceptors and will provide a valuable reference source for years to come.

This book presents a comprehensive collection of current knowledge and leading research about the blood-brain barrier. The chapters are organized in four main parts providing basic information and novel insights about the physiology of the blood-brain barrier, the challenges related to finding and developing drugs crossing the blood-brain barrier, experimental methods to study the blood-brain barrier and the role of the blood-brain barrier in disease mechanisms and its consequences for drug development. In the first part the readers will discover the structure, function and developmental aspects of the blood-brain barrier and gain novel insights into the complexity and functionality of the neurovascular unit and energy metabolism of brain endothelial cells. Chapters of the second part focus on translational challenges from the bench to the bedside in CNS drug development, shed light on the importance to understand the brain distribution of drugs related to their efficacy, elaborate on general pharmacokinetic considerations for CNS drugs and introduce current and novel drug delivery strategies to overcome the blood-brain barrier. The experimental part of the book covers mathematical and in vitro models as well as animal and human methods in blood-brain barrier research. Specific emphasis is set on the description of the methods, the role of species differences for data interpretation, novel human models based on stem cells with the potential for personalized medicine and technical considerations and tips helpful for readers interested in working with these models. In the fourth part particular attentions is given to the blood-brain barrier, its changes and participation during disease progression. Chapters summarize alterations of the blood-brain barrier that are present in common disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, stroke, traumatic brain injury, epilepsy and brain tumors. Present therapies will be discussed and the consequences for novel treatment approaches that need to bypass the blood-brain-barrier will be explored. In addition, experts discuss the question in how far changes at the blood-brain barrier are causally linked to disease progressions and consequently could serve as therapeutic targets. This collection is designed to appeal to a wide readership from students through basic and applied scientist to pharmacologists, medical doctors and stakeholders from the pharmaceutical industry and regulatory affairs. Due its comprehensive content the book has the potential to become a standard work in the field of blood-brain barrier research.

In this issue of Cardiac Electrophysiology Clinics, guest editor Dr. Matthew J. Daniels brings his considerable expertise to the topic of Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion. Top experts in the field discuss topics such as pre-cath laboratory planning for left atrial appendage occlusion: optional or essential; the case for intracardiac echo to guide left atrial appendage closure; follow-up imaging after left atrial appendage occlusion: something or nothing and for how long?; left atrial appendage closure: what the evidence does and does not reveal; and more. Contains 11 practice-oriented topics including the strengths and weaknesses of the LAA covering disc occluders; left atrial appendage occlusion strengths and weaknesses of the lobe-only occluder concept in theory and in practice; the strengths and weaknesses of left atrial appendage ligation or exclusion (LARIAT, AtriaClip, Surgical Suture); the future of LAAC-in 5, 10, and 20 years; and more.  Provides in-depth clinical reviews on left atrial appendage occlusion, offering actionable insights for clinical practice.  Presents the latest information on this timely, focused topic under the leadership of experienced editors in the field. Authors synthesize and distill the latest research and practice guidelines to create clinically significant, topic-based reviews.

?Page for page, I may not have ever learned more from a book.... Womb is a history book as well as a biology book but it's also an adventure and a celebration.? ?Rob Delaney, actor and author of A Heart That WorksA groundbreaking, triumphant investigation of the uterus?from birth to death, in sickness and in health, throughout history and into our possible future?from midwife and acclaimed writer Leah HazardThe size of a clenched fist and the shape of a light bulb?with no less power and potential. Every person on Earth began inside a uterus, but how much do we really understand about the womb?Bringing together medical history, scientific discoveries, and journalistic exploration, Leah Hazard embarks on a journey in search of answers about the body's most miraculous and contentious organ. We meet the people who have shaped our relationship with the uterus: doctors and doulas, yoni steamers and fibroid-tea hawkers, legislators who would regulate the organ's very existence, and boundary-breaking researchers on the frontiers of the field.With a midwife's warmth and humor, Hazard tackles pressing questions: Is the womb connected to the brain? Can cervical crypts store sperm? Do hysterectomies affect sexual pleasure? How can smart tampons help health care? Why does endometriosis take so long to be diagnosed? Will external gestation be possible in our lifetime? How does gender-affirming hormone therapy affect the uterus? Why does medical racism impact reproductive healthcare?A clear-eyed and inclusive examination of the cultural prejudices and assumptions that have made the uterus so poorly understood for centuries, Womb takes a fresh look at an organ that brings us pain and pleasure?a small part of our bodies that has a larger impact than we ever thought possible.