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Il y a deux classes de savants. Les uns, suivant les traces de leurs prédécesseurs, agrandissent le domaine de la science et ajoutent des découvertes à celles qui ont été faites avant eux; leurs travaux sont immédiatement appréciés, et ils jouissent pleinement d'une réputation bien méritée. Les autres, quittant les sentiers battus, s'affranchissent de la tradition, font éclore les germes de l'avenir latents pour ainsi dire dans les enseignements du passé : quelquefois ils sont estimés pendant leur vie à leur juste valeur ; plus souvent encore ils passent méconnus du public scientifique de leur époque, incapable de les comprendre et de les suivre...
La botanique moderne est une science complexe ; à son origine, elle ne l'était pas. Nommer et décrire les plantes qui s'offraient à leur observation, retrouver celles que les anciens avaient connues et compléter ainsi peu à peu l'inventaire des espèces végétales qui croissent à la surface du globe, telle était la tâche immense, mais peu variée, que s'imposaient les botanistes du moyen âge et de la renaissance. Au commencement du XVIIe siècle, on découvrit que la plante était un être vivant comme l'animal ; on entreprit l'étude de ses fonctions. La physiologie végétale naissait et prenait place à côté de la botanique descriptive. En même temps qu'on apprenait à connaître le jeu de quelques organes, on les étudiait avec plus de soin ; on cherchait à en pénétrer la structure intime...
Quel est le naturaliste qui n'a pas fait le rêve d'une expédition scientifique entreprise par quelques amis, les uns zoologistes, les autres botanistes ou géologues, accompagnés d'un médecin et d'un dessinateur, embarqués sur un navire marchand sans sabords et sans canons, commandé par des officiers sans épaulettes, et surtout sans instructions officielles? Le rêve se réaliserait souvent, si un personnel scientifique suffisait pour l'accomplir; mais ce qui fait défaut, c'est un homme assez intelligent et assez instruit pour concevoir l'expédition, et assez riche pour pouvoir suffire aux frais considérables qu'elle nécessite...
Il est une étude qui date de vingt-cinq ans à peine : c'est celle des glaciers, de leurs phénomènes, de leur rôle dans la nature, de leur ancienne extension au-delà des chaînes de montagnes et des régions polaires où ils sont confinés actuellement. En 1847, nous avons publié dans la Revue un article où nous exposions les résultats de travaux dont les plus anciens à cette époque ne remontaient pas à dix ans; ils étaient déjà nombreux et suffisans pour montrer le rôle considérable que les glaciers ont joué dans l'histoire de la terre, lorsque, dépassant leurs limites actuelles, ils se sont avancés dans les plaines de l'Europe, de l'Asie et de l'Amérique. Les changemens qu'ils ont amenés dans le relief et la configuration du sol étaient d'autant plus intéressans à constater que leur extension est le dernier grand phénomène cosmique dont notre globe ait été le théâtre...
Angesichts einer fortschreitenden Urbanisierung und der ungeheuren Erfolgsgeschichte der Siedlungsform "Stadt" wird selten die paradoxe Kehrseite dieser Geschichte in den Blick genommen. Seit 5000 Jahren steht der Entstehung von Städten ihr Untergang gegenüber. Verlassene Städte sind ein geradezu allgegenwärtiges Phänomen aller Zeiten und Regionen. Die in den Band versammelten Aufsätze unterschiedlicher Disziplinen beschreiben, wie von der Antike bis in die aktuelle Zeitgeschichte Stadtruinen wahrgenommen wurden. Ihre Interpretation, Instrumentalisierung und symbolische wie inhaltliche Aufladung verrät sehr viel über die Kulturen, in denen diese Prozesse zu beobachten sind. In einem faszinierenden Spektrum, das vom antiken Nahen Osten, Kleinasien und Italien über das präkolumbianische Nordamerika und Europa des 19. Jahrhunderts bis in den heutigen Oman, Palästina, die Mongolei, die USA oder nach Osteuropa reicht, wird die vielfältige Deutung von Ruinen und ihre Rolle in politischen, kulturellen und sozialen Verständigungen und Kontroversen thematisiert. Verlassene Städte erweisen sich auf diese Weise als ein zentrales und äußerst fruchtbares Thema der Kultur-, Kunst- und politischen Geschichte.
A squadron of five us navy planes on a routine mission disappears - and so does the rescue plane sent out to search for them.A ship is found abandoned on the high seas with no trace of passengers or crew. A submerged vessel mysteriously rises to the surface from its grave beneath the dark waters. For centuries there had been tales of mysterious happenings in the stretch of ocean between bermuda and florida. Since 1945 over 100 planes and ships and 1000 people have simply vanished here into thin air. It had been known as the hoodoo sea, the graveyard of the atlantic or the devil's triangle. Inside, you'll discover:All of the history and facts surrounding the bermuda triangleParanormal and scientific theories about the bermuda triangleAn analysis of the bermuda triangle facts and possible explanationSimilar phenomena in the worldThis is a condensed, and easy to read history of the bermuda triangle mystery that has baffled experts for years. Also called the devil's triangle, this is a region in the north atlantic ocean where many planes and ships have inexplicably disappeared without trace. It is, without doubt, one of the great-unexplained riddles on the planet.The bermuda triangle for kids has been written to entertain and educate. It is packed with information and trivia and has images that bring the topic alive.
Pour étudier le développement des lois de la nature dans le monde entier, les observateurs ont parcouru les diverses régions, et ensuite les théoriciens, en rassemblant les faits analogues, ont pu en conclure les principes généraux qui forment le beau domaine de la géographie physique. Il semble néanmoins que, pour saisir les mille détails dont se compose tout ce qui se rapporte au climat de chaque lieu de la terre, les études faites par un habitant de chaque pays sans les inconvénients d'un voyage rapide, de l'ignorance de la langue et de la nouveauté des objets, offriraient à la connaissance de la vérité plus de chances favorables que la manière trop habituelle d'observer en courant...
In the space between history and geography, there exists an arena where the past intertwines with the present, where stone, steel, and spirit converge into a vibrant tapestry of human endeavor. This is the world of cities, the pulsating hearts of civilization, the places where dreams are birthed and destinies forged. From humble settlements to sprawling metropolises, cities stand as testament to the incredible ingenuity, resilience, and creativity of those who dare to imagine and shape their futures.This book is an exploration, a journey into the lives of cities as diverse as the human experience itself. These are not mere collections of buildings and streets, of infrastructure and institutions, but living, breathing entities with their own unique identities. Their stories are etched in their skylines and whispered in their winds. Their histories are recorded not just in the pages of textbooks, but in the very fabric of their being - in the cobblestones of their streets, the arches of their buildings, the rhythms of their cultures.Each city is a universe in its own right, spinning its own tale of progress and persistence, innovation and inspiration, triumph and tragedy. From the elegance of Paris to the vibrancy of Rio de Janeiro, from the resilience of Hiroshima to the innovation of San Francisco, each city contributes a unique chapter in the grand narrative of human history.But these stories are not meant to be read in isolation. Instead, they are threads in a larger tapestry, a global narrative of interconnectedness and shared experiences. Together, they paint a picture of our collective journey, highlighting our shared struggles and triumphs, our dreams and aspirations, our victories and setbacks.
A stunning journey through the Holy Land, as told by the rare maps and prints that have long inspired Jewish, Christian, and Muslim pilgrimages. From the earliest days of the Roman Empire to the current war between Israel and Hamas, mapping the Holy Land has been a never-ending source of high aspirations and bitter conflict. Sacred to Jews, Christians, and Muslims, the Holy Land has always inspired Christians to walk in the footsteps of the Bible, to imagine the route of the Exodus, or discover the places of Jesus' ministry. Muslims, too, longed to see the geographical contours of the ummah, the greater Muslim community, while Jews remembered the days when Jerusalem was the destination for three holy festivals. In response, cartographers from Late Antiquity to the Modern Age drew their inspiration from Jewish, Christian, and Muslim pilgrimages to depict, with growing confidence, the exotic locations of the Holy Land. Mapping the Holy Land is the first book to tell the thrilling story of these travels and the incredible prints and maps they spawned, up to the wars of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. Illustrated with rare, hand-colored maps and engravings throughout and riveting scene-setting history, this remarkable volume from rare maps collector Neal Asbury, CEO of The Legacy Companies and host of Neal Asbury's Made in America, and National Geographic best-selling author Jean-Pierre Isbouts, coauthors of Mapping America, shows how the faithful overcame impossible odds to reach the Holy Land, and dives deep into the historical understanding of these elusive lands from Roman times up to the modern Israeli-Arab conflict.
This report, one of two, focuses on whether partners and allies have the willingness to support U.S. operations in a major Indo-Pacific conflict. The companion report focuses on technical and operational issues.
The focus on efficiency in combatant command combat operations has driven peacetime logistics and sustainment processes to be more centralized in the U.S. Air Force and, in some cases, at the U.S. Department of Defense level. In some instances, the centralization placed decision authorities associated with the allocation and reallocation of resources outside the control of warfighting commands. Additionally, the move toward efficiency has created a lean supply chain that relies on assured transportation to rapidly deliver resources where needed based on demand signals from end-users. Capable adversaries, however, can disrupt the supply chain by degrading communications and limiting access to forward locations. As Pacific Air Forces (PACAF) pursues evolving operational concepts of employment designed to improve operational resiliency, questions about the fragility of the combat support (CS) enterprise persist. In light of these questions, Headquarters PACAF asked RAND Project AIR FORCE to take a holistic view of the CS enterprise, including base, theater, and global resources, and explore different concepts that could be integrated in theater sustainment plans to support operations. In this report, the authors decompose the CS enterprise from decision authority and resource characteristic perspectives and propose a framework that PACAF can use to consider the necessary elements of the CS enterprise for operating in a hybrid push-pull system as a means to mitigate uncertainty and adversary actions that challenge logistics support. The report also presents the cost of various resource buffer strategies for spare parts.
The Loss of the S. S. Titanic: Its Story and Its Lessons, has been considered important throughout human history. In an effort to ensure that this work is never lost, we have taken steps to secure its preservation by republishing this book in a modern format for both current and future generations. This complete book has been retyped, redesigned, and reformatted. Since these books are not scans of the authors' original publications, the text is readable and clear.
The Loss of the Australia; A narrative of the loss of the brig Australia by fire on her voyage from Leith to Sydney, has been considered important throughout human history. In an effort to ensure that this work is never lost, we have taken steps to secure its preservation by republishing this book in a modern format for both current and future generations. This complete book has been retyped, redesigned, and reformatted. Since these books are not scans of the authors' original publications, the text is readable and clear.
Voyage autour du monde par la frégate du roi La Boudeuse et la flûte L'Étoile, en 1766, 1767, 1768 & 1769., a été considérée comme importante tout au long de l'histoire de l'humanité. Dans un effort pour s'assurer que ce travail ne soit jamais perdu, nous avons pris des mesures pour assurer sa préservation en republiant ce livre dans un format moderne pour les générations actuelles et futures. Ce livre complet a été retapé, remanié et reformaté. Comme ces livres ne sont pas des scans des publications originales des auteurs, le texte est lisible et clair.
Merry's Book of Puzzles, has been considered important throughout human history. In an effort to ensure that this work is never lost, we have taken steps to secure its preservation by republishing this book in a modern format for both current and future generations. This complete book has been retyped, redesigned, and reformatted. Since these books are not scans of the authors' original publications, the text is readable and clear.
Looking Seaward Again, has been considered important throughout human history. In an effort to ensure that this work is never lost, we have taken steps to secure its preservation by republishing this book in a modern format for both current and future generations. This complete book has been retyped, redesigned, and reformatted. Since these books are not scans of the authors' original publications, the text is readable and clear.
The Loss of His Majesty's Frigate Anson, has been considered important throughout human history. In an effort to ensure that this work is never lost, we have taken steps to secure its preservation by republishing this book in a modern format for both current and future generations. This complete book has been retyped, redesigned, and reformatted. Since these books are not scans of the authors' original publications, the text is readable and clear.
Papuan Pictures, has been considered important throughout human history. In an effort to ensure that this work is never lost, we have taken steps to secure its preservation by republishing this book in a modern format for both current and future generations. This complete book has been retyped, redesigned, and reformatted. Since these books are not scans of the authors' original publications, the text is readable and clear.
Longhead: The Story of the First Fire, has been considered important throughout human history. In an effort to ensure that this work is never lost, we have taken steps to secure its preservation by republishing this book in a modern format for both current and future generations. This complete book has been retyped, redesigned, and reformatted. Since these books are not scans of the authors' original publications, the text is readable and clear.
The first in-depth study of Arthurian places in late medieval and early modern England and Wales.
Memorials of the Sea: My Father; Being Records of the Adventurous Life of the Late William Scoresby, Esq. of Whitby, has been considered important throughout human history. In an effort to ensure that this work is never lost, we have taken steps to secure its preservation by republishing this book in a modern format for both current and future generations. This complete book has been retyped, redesigned, and reformatted. Since these books are not scans of the authors' original publications, the text is readable and clear.
Nord-Sud: Amérique; Angleterre; Corse; Spitzberg, a été considérée comme importante tout au long de l'histoire de l'humanité. Dans un effort pour s'assurer que ce travail ne soit jamais perdu, nous avons pris des mesures pour assurer sa préservation en republiant ce livre dans un format moderne pour les générations actuelles et futures. Ce livre complet a été retapé, remanié et reformaté. Comme ces livres ne sont pas des scans des publications originales des auteurs, le texte est lisible et clair.
Memoirs of Robert-Houdin, ambassador, author and conjurer, has been considered important throughout human history. In an effort to ensure that this work is never lost, we have taken steps to secure its preservation by republishing this book in a modern format for both current and future generations. This complete book has been retyped, redesigned, and reformatted. Since these books are not scans of the authors' original publications, the text is readable and clear.
Reinterprets the making of the modern Middle East by studying its borderlands The emergence of the modern Middle East is the result of three complementary historical developments: the disintegration of the Ottoman Empire, the institution of British and French control in its stead and the nationalist challenges to this colonial scramble. The introduction of international borders that accompanied this process is commonly portrayed as the drawing of lines in the sand, an artificial partitioning that brought diplomatic closure to an otherwise contested historical space. For the past two decades, insights gained from the burgeoning field of borderlands studies have enabled a new generation of scholars to challenge such popular depictions. For them, the region's borderlands were not sites of peripheral activity, but rather liminal spaces criss-crossed by global flows and circulations central to state- and nation-formation across the Middle East. Regimes of Mobility offers a select number of case studies that highlight the connectedness of the politics of borderlands throughout the interwar Middle East. Key features - Evidence-driven case studies cover borderlands in Turkey, Iraq, Syria, Palestine, and Transjordan - Informed by discussions in borderland and mobility studies, and by global and environmental history - Brings late Ottomanists into conversation with historians of the interwar Middle East Jordi Tejel is Research Professor in Contemporary History at the University of Neuchâtel. Ramazan Hakkı Öztan is Assistant Professor at the Atatürk Institute for Modern Turkish History at Boğaziçi University, Istanbul.
Claus Clausen cand.scient. og Ph.D i astrofysik og kulturenes anvendelse af astronomi. Han har deltaget i 9 internationale konferencer, hvor temaet var arkæoastronomi med fokus på netop kulturenes anvendelse af astronomi. Desuden har Claus Clausen skrevet 10 videnskabelige og 15 populærvidenskabelige artikler om emnet bl.a. i tidsskrifterne Aktuel Astronomi og Aktuel Naturvidenskab. Claus Clausen har desuden undervist i astronomi på Tycho Brahe Planetarium og for Folkeuniversitetet mange steder i Danmark. Claus Clausen arbejder fortsat med orientering og placering af de danske megalitter (storstensgrave). Megalitternes orientering er meget ensartet fra egn til egen, men deres indbyrdes placering er meget forskellig. Hvorfor det er sådan, er endnu en gåde, som forfatteren håberat kunne løse inden for de kommende år.
"This is the first English-language monograph on the early history of cartography in China. Its chief players are three maps found in tombs that date from the fourth to the second century BCE and together constitute the entire known corpus of ancient Chinese maps (ditu). A millennium separates them from the next available map from 1136 CE. Most scholars study them through the lens of modern, empirical definitions of maps and their use. This book offers an alternative view by drawing on methods not just from cartography but from art history, archaeology, and religion. It argues that, as tomb objects, the maps were designed to be simultaneously functional for the living and the dead-that each map was drawn to serve navigational purposes of guiding the living from one town to another as well as to diagram ritual order, thereby taming the unknown territory of the dead. In contrast with traditional scholarship, The Art of Terrestrial Diagrams in Early China proposes that ditu can "speak" through their forms. Departing from dominant theories of representation that forge a narrow path from form to meaning, the book braids together two main strands of argumentation to explore the multifaceted and multifunctional diagrammatic tradition of rendering space in early China"--
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