Materialer / stoffaser

This book provides readers with a comprehensive, state-of-the-art reference for miniaturized More-than-Moore systems with a broad range of functionalities that can be added to 3D microsystems, including flexible electronics, metasurfaces and power sources. The book also includes examples of applications for brain-computer interfaces and event-driven imaging systems. Provides a comprehensive, state-of-the-art reference for miniaturized More-than-Moore systems;Covers functionalities to add to 3D microsystems, including flexible electronics, metasurfaces and power sources;Includes current applications, such as brain-computer interfaces, event - driven imaging and edge computing.

This book is about coexistence patterns in ensembles of globally coupled nonlinear oscillators. Coexistence patterns in this respect are states of a dynamical system in which the dynamics in some parts of the system differ significantly from those in other parts, even though there is no underlying structural difference between the different parts. In other words, these asymmetric patterns emerge in a self-organized manner. As our main model, we use ensembles of various numbers of Stuart-Landau oscillators, all with the same natural frequency and all coupled equally strongly to each other. Employing computer simulations, bifurcation analysis and symmetry considerations, we uncover the mechanism behind a wide range of complex patterns found in these ensembles. Our starting point is the creation of so-called chimeras, which are subsequently treated within a new and broader context of related states.

This book offers a didactic introduction to light¿matter interactions at both the classical and semi-classical levels. Pursuing an approach that describes the essential physics behind the functionality of any optical element, it acquaints students with the broad areas of optics and photonics. Its rigorous, bottom-up approach to the subject, using model systems ranging from individual atoms and simple molecules to crystalline and amorphous solids, gradually builds up the reader¿s familiarity and confidence with the subject matter. Throughout the book, the detailed mathematical treatment and examples of practical applications are accompanied by problems with worked-out solutions. In short, the book provides the most essential information for any graduate or advanced undergraduate student wishing to begin their course of study in the field of photonics, or to brush up on important concepts prior to an examination.

This book provides a comprehensive description of topological polymers, an emerging research area in polymer science and polymer materials engineering. The precision polymer topology designing is critical to realizing the unique polymer properties and functions leading to their eventual applications. The prominent contributors are led by Principal Editor Yasuyuki Tezuka and Co-Editor Tetsuo Deguchi. Important ongoing achievements and anticipated breakthroughs in topological polymers are presented with an emphasis on the spectacular diversification of polymer constructions. The book serves readers collectively to acquire comprehensive insights over exciting innovations ongoing in topological polymer chemistry, encompassing topological geometry analysis, classification, physical characterization by simulation and the eventual chemical syntheses, with the supplementary focus on the polymer folding, invoked with the ongoing breakthrough of the precision AI prediction of protein folding. The current revolutionary developments in synthetic approaches specifically for single cyclic (ring) polymers and the topology-directed properties/functions uncovered thereby are outlined as a showcase example. This book is especially beneficial to academic personnel in universities and to researchers working in relevant institutions and companies. Although the level of the book is advanced, it can serve as a good reference book for graduate students and postdocs as a source of valuable knowledge of cutting-edge topics and progress in polymer chemistry.

This book provides insights into the 3rd International Conference on Communication, Devices and Computing (ICCDC 2021), which was held in Haldia, India, on August 16-18, 2021. It covers new ideas, applications, and the experiences of research engineers, scientists, industrialists, scholars, and students from around the globe. The proceedings highlight cutting-edge research on communication, electronic devices, and computing and address diverse areas such as 5G communication, spread spectrum systems, wireless sensor networks, and signal processing for secure communication, error control coding, printed antennas, analysis of wireless networks, antenna array systems, analog and digital signal processing for communication systems, frequency selective surfaces, radar communication, and substrate integrated waveguide and microwave passive components, which are key to state-of-the-art innovations in communication technologies.

This book highlights the state-of-the-art research and discovery in the use of MOFs in catalysis, highlighting the scope to which these novel materials have been incorporated by the community. It provides an exceptional insight into the strategies for the synthesis and functionalization of MOFs, their use as CO2 and chemical warfare agents capture, their role in bio-catalysis and applications in photocatalysis, asymmetric catalysis, nano-catalysis, etc. This book will also emphasize the challenges with previous signs of progress and way for further research, details relating to the current pioneering technology, and future perspectives with a multidisciplinary approach. Furthermore, it presents up-to-date information on the economics, toxicity, and regulations related to these novel materials.

This book gathers outstanding research papers presented in the 2nd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence: Advances and Application (ICAIAA 2021), held in Poornima College of Engineering, Jaipur, India during 27-28 March 2021. This book covers research works carried out by various students such as bachelor, master and doctoral scholars, faculty and industry persons in the area of artificial intelligence, machine learning, deep learning applications in healthcare, agriculture, business, security, etc. It will also cover research in core concepts of computer networks, intelligent system design and deployment, real time systems, WSN, sensors and sensor nodes, SDN, NFV, etc.

This book discusses the synthesis of catalytic materials with improved and tailored functionalities via the sol-gel method. Beginning with a general outline of traditional sol-gel chemistry, the book gradually explores surrounding topics, such as the formation of porous structures, while guiding the overall discussion toward the synthesis of heterogeneous catalysts and focusing throughout on the structure-activity relationship in catalytic materials. Featuring several case studies covering major current industrial applications, the book is an ideal guide for researchers looking to tailor catalytic materials for a specific catalytic process and thus exploiting the versatility of the ¿traditional¿ sol-gel method.

This book, written by two pioneers in the field, provides a clear and concise description of memristors and other memory elements. It stresses the difference between their mathematical definition and physical reality. The reader will then be able to distinguish between what is experimentally realizable and various fictitious claims that plague the scientific literature. The discussion is kept simple enough that the book should be easily accessible not only to graduate students and researchers in Physics and Engineering, but also to undergraduate students interested in this topic.

This book briefly looks at numerical modeling and micromagnetic simulation results of magnonic crystals, which are periodically modulated magnonic devices regarded as the magnetic counterpart of photonic crystals with spin waves acting as the information carrier. Since the wavelength of the spin wave is several orders of magnitude shorter than that of electromagnetic waves of the same frequency, magnonic crystals are promising candidates for miniaturization, especially in the fields of data storage and processing. The book begins by describing the dispersion relation of dipolar spin waves in a magnonic curved waveguide, solving Walker's equation in cylindrical coordinates, and then calculating the dispersion of exchange spin waves using perturbation theory. It describes simulated nano-contact-driven spin wave excitations in a magnonic cavity, featuring a design of an antidot magnonic crystal around the nano-contact, with the frequency of the spin wave mode generated lying within the band gap of the magnonic crystal. The proposed device behaves as a SWASER¿Spin Wave Amplification by the Stimulated Emission of Radiation. This book will find interest among researchers and practitioners interested in the modeling, simulation, and design of novel magnonic devices.

This book comprehensively summarizes the recent achievements and trends in encapsulation of micro- and nanocontainers for applications in smart materials. It covers the fundamentals of processing and techniques for encapsulation with emphasis on preparation, properties, application, and future prospects of encapsulation process for smart applications in pharmaceuticals, textiles, biomedical, food packaging, composites, friction/wear, phase change materials, and coatings. Academics, researchers, scientists, engineers, and students in the field of smart materials will benefit from this book.

This book focuses on chemical reactions and processing under extreme conditions-how materials react with highly concentrated active species and/or in a very confined high-temperature and high-pressure volume. Those ultimate reaction environments created by a focused laser beam, discharges, ion bombardments, or microwaves provide characteristic nano- and submicron-sized products and functional nanostructures. The book explores the chemistry and processing of metals and non-metals as well as molecules that are strongly dependent on the energy deposition processes and character of the materials. Descriptions of a wide range of topics are given from the perspective of a variety of research methodologies, material preparations, and applications. The reader is led to consider and review how a high-energy source interacts with materials, and what the key factors are that determine the quality and quantity of nanoproducts and nano-processing.

This book provides an interesting snapshot of new research within the fields of flexible and soft devices which use porous carbon-based materials. The increase in demand for soft and flexible electronics, electrochemical energy storage/conversion systems, piezoresistive pressure sensors has promoted the development of new strategies for the synthesis and integration of nanoporous carbon (NPC) into flexible and soft polymers and inorganic textures. The structural properties of such NPC materials combined with their mechanical, conductive and catalytic properties, show promising results for the technology they are designed for, which can be useful solutions in many other disciplines. An in-depth discussion of the use of NPC materials in different energy devices is provided in every chapter, while at the same time the knowledge of the reader on the various applications where these materials can be used will be broadened. This book sheds new light on nanoporous carbon-based materials and will be of great interest to graduate students and professionals working in this field.

This book presents peer-reviewed and selected papers of the International Youth Conference on Electronics, Telecommunications, and Information Technologies (YETI-2021), held in Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, on April 22-23, 2021. For the third time around, the conference brings together students and early career scientists, serving to disseminate the current trends and advances in electronics, telecommunications, optical, and information technologies. A series of workshops and poster sessions focusing, in particular, on the theoretical and practical challenges in nanotechnologies, photonics, signal processing, and telecommunications allow to establish contacts between potential partners, share new ideas, and start new collaborations. The conference is held in an online format, thus considerably expanding its geographical reach and offering an even wider scope of discussion.

This handbook presents the data of 5-component metallic amorphous alloys, including a large number of specimen obtained by adding a 5-th component to a quaternary alloy, some were obtained by starting from lower component base alloys, and there are a few examples of so-called high-entropy alloys.It contributes both to fundamental researches and industrial applications.

Covering the most recent literature in the field, with special emphasis on the physical mechanisms behind their rheological behaviour, this book demonstrates the controllability of soft matter through an external (magnetic) stimulus.