Organisk kemi

Cet ouvrage décrit une nouvelle approche de synthèse d¿hétérocycles azotés diversement substituées via une méthode de synthèse rapide, efficace et économique. La stratégie repose sur une étude et fonctionnalisation directe et oxidative de liaisons Csp2-H pour la formation de liaisons Csp2-Csp2 vis-vis des réactions de C-H arylations et C-H alcénylations catalysées par le palladium. Dans une 1ère partie, des réactions d¿(hétéro)arylation et d¿alcénylation directes catalysées par le palladium sont appliquées aux imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines, en chauffage classique ou sous irradiation micro-ondes. La méthode a été appliqué pour élaborer de nouvelles molécules imidazo[1,2-a]pyridiniques, via une réaction "one-pot" sous irradiation micro-ondes. Afin de réduire davantage le nombre d¿étapes, cette approche a été étendue à la réaction d¿acénylation oxydative pallado-catalysée, pour la formation de la liaison carbone ¿ carbone à partir de deux liaisons carbone - hydrogène. La dernière partie de ce travail est consacrée à la réaction d¿arylation intramoléculaire permettant une cyclisation conduisant aux nouvelles pyridoimidazoquinolinones et pyridoimidazoazépinones polyfonctionnalisées.

This textbook is intended for undergraduate and graduate students pursuing courses in chemistry and allied fields. It includes fundamental concepts, equations involved in organic reactions, chemical bonds (ionic and covalent bonds), hybridization, representation of a chemical reaction and mechanism of organic reactions. The book also discusses the displacement of bonding electrons involving inductive effect, electromeric effect, mesomeric effect, hyperconjugative effect and resonance. A number of organic reactions involving formation of intermediates such as carbocations, carbanions, free radicals, carbenes, nitrenes and benzynes have also been included. It also discusses different types of reagents involved in a chemical reactions along with types of additional reactions and its detailed mechanism. The book also includes the use of pedagogical elements such as multiple choice questions and end of chapter exercises to aid self-learning among students

Visible Light-Driven Organic Synthesis covers the recent cutting-edge investigations in the field of visible light- driven organic synthesis in a single comprehensive volume. It provides information on rigorously selected reaction schemes and covers new reactions and new methods under visible light photocatalysis. It enlists more than 100 important synthetic strategies/methodologies with particular emphasis on useful reactions for organic synthesis under the mild reaction conditions reported in recent times involving carbon-carbon (C-C) and carbon-heteroatom bond-forming reactions, resulting in a wide spectrum of chemical compounds, providing an outstanding source of information concerning industrial applications. The chapters are classified based on various photocatalysts that have found direct applications in organic synthesis by carrying out different kinds of organic reactions. Each chapter is dedicated to a particular photocatalyst, and each selected reaction is dealt with in a compact manner through point-wise discussion under distinct subheadings covering the reaction type, reaction conditions, bond-forming information, reaction strategy involved, general reaction scheme, examples of representative entries with chemical structures and physical properties, a suggested plausible mechanism, critical views, and literature. In addition, visible light-mediated self-sensitized organic transformations that took place without any external photocatalysts have also been covered. This book is immensely helpful to chemistry students, teachers, researchers, academicians, and chemical/ agrochemical industry people to access the latest information and advances on visible light-driven organic synthesis developments.

Pharmaceutical chemistry (PC) represents a dynamic field of research that plays a pivotal role in the development of life-saving pharmaceuticals. PC is a precise science: One needs to rely on the accuracy of previous discoveries that have provided massive amount of precious information and databases as a solid foundation to move forward. PC is also an art where the artist uses a subtle mixture of knowledge, experimental learning, creativity, intuition, boldness, and serendipity to paint the right canvas. Nature often serves as a stimulus for pharmaceutical chemists. Many drugs are derived from natural compounds found in plants, fungi, or microorganisms. Chemists study these natural sources, seeking inspiration to design synthetic molecules that mimic the therapeutic properties of the originals while optimizing their characteristics. Francis Collins, geneticist and expert in the pharmaceutical industry, explains that the molecular cause of 4,000 diseases is no longer a secret to humanity, but there are only treatments available for 250 of them. Therefore, the world requires more professionals who can produce better medicines and solve more needs. For this reason, it is urgent to discover a new system, new drugs, better industrial processes and faster responses for rare and complex diseases. That is the importance and need for more students in love with PC. It is the author's wish that volumes 1 and 2 of this series may serve as motivation for students who intend to get started in the exciting world of drug design, synthesis and development. There is no nobler objective than improving health and quality of life of the human race. The unprecedented increase in human life expectancy, which has almost doubled in a hundred years, is mainly due to drugs and to those who discovered them. It is more important to create awareness in the student that he/she is responsible for his own learning and not simply a passive consumer of information. In this way we will be able to train versatile professionals with an attitude of transformative social change. Drug Design and Action is trated in a separate volume ISBN 978-3-11-131654-3.

In this book recent developments in dehydrogenation reactions catalyzed by 3d-metals are discussed. With continue efforts to develop sustainable chemical production the discovery of new catalysts and catalytic procedures for (de)hydrogenation reactions are a subject of great interest to the chemistry community. Additionally, (de)hydrogenation reactions enable the creation of closed-loop production cycles that support a circular economy. The chapters presented include the synthesis of heterocycles and tandem-multicomponent (three or more) reactions through dehydrogenative strategy, as well as the conversion of ethanol to n-butanol, higher oxidized hydrocarbons like acids, ester, amides from alcohols, ¿-alkylation of amines, ketones, and amides with alcohols and mechanistic understanding of dehydrogenation reactions with high-valent metals. With contributions from experts in the field, the book is a valuable resource for scholars working in the field of organometallic chemistry,catalysis, medicinal chemistry, as well as researchers in the industry.

This brief is a concise guide that explores the theory and practical aspects of improving enantioselectivity in enzymatic kinetic resolution, with a specific focus on the role of hydrolases in this process. Enzymatic kinetic resolution is a valuable technique for obtaining enantiopure compounds, and hydrolases are highlighted as a crucial class of enzymes widely used in industries for chiral synthesis involving kinetic resolution. The book emphasizes the importance of tuning and optimizing the enzymatic kinetic resolution process to achieve the highest possible enantiomeric excess in the final product or starting material while maintaining the desired yield. Through illustrative examples, the text aims to make the concept accessible and appealing to graduate students, researchers, and young organic chemists seeking to incorporate hydrolases in their stereoselective synthesis endeavors.

Die autobiographische Reihe "Lebenswerke in der Chemie" gibt Einblicke in das Leben und Denken herausragender Forscher im Spiegel der Zeit. Welche Rolle spielt in der chemischen Spitzenforschung die ununterbrochene Folge von Hypothese, Experiment und Interpretation, welche Rolle spielen die Impulse von Mentoren, Mitarbeitern und Studenten oder auch die von Konkurrenten? Erfolgreiche Wissenschaftler beschreiben authentisch und persönlich, wie Neues in den Naturwissenschaften entsteht.Herausgegeben vom Beirat der Fachgruppe Geschichte der Chemie in der Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker (GDCh). l-i-c.org

Advances in Prodrugs: Design and Therapeutic Applications provides a versatile tool in prodrug design and development as well as a concrete perspective on clinical and preclinical studies currently available on prodrugs. The first part of this book discusses different chemical classes of prodrugs, with particular emphasis on metabolic pathways and mechanisms involved in the activation of their functional groups. The second part of the book covers therapeutic applications of prodrugs against the most discussed diseases, providing detailed discussion on recent achievements in the field. This book offers researchers involved in drug discovery key criteria for the successful development of prodrug-based therapeutic tools.Prodrugs are inactive drug precursors which undergo different chemical transformation by metabolic processes to provide pharmacologically active compounds. Prodrugs include a broad range of structurally diverse molecules employed for the treatment of several diseases.

Organic Chemistry: 25 Must-Know Classes of Organic Compounds covers the main organic compounds. It includes aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, halide, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur-containing compounds. It presents heterocyclic compounds and common organic mechanisms and describes carbonyl compounds, organic polymers and organic molecules with applications in medicinal chemistry.

This book is designed to serve as a textbook for core as well as elective courses offered to undergraduate and advanced undergraduate students enrolled in chemistry. This textbook comprehensively deals various topics of organic chemistry such as amino acids, peptides, proteins and enzymes. The text is divided into four chapters: a chapter each dedicated to amino acids, peptides, proteins and enzymes, respectively. The important reactions have been explained with the help of the mechanisms involved. It gives a detailed account of the solution phase and solid phase synthesis of peptides as well as discussing the structure and function of some biologically important peptides. It also covers the classification, nomenclature and mode of action of enzymes, and a detailed account of the structure and function of different co-enzymes. The book also includes pedagogical features like end-of-chapter exercises to aid in self learning. Given the scope, this textbook will be useful for graduate and advanced graduate students pursuing the course of chemistry, especially organic chemistry.

This volume describes the latest advances and perspectives in hydrosilylation, with a focus on new organometallic catalysts and their mechanistic aspects. Hydrosilylation is the reaction of ¿SiH with carbon-carbon, carbon-heteroatom or heteroatom-heteroatom bonds and is the most fundamental and elegant method for laboratory and industrial synthesis of organosilicon molecular and macromolecular compounds. Yet these reactions do require a catalyst, for which initially homogeneous noble metal catalyst, mainly platinum, rhodium, iridium or ruthenium were used. However the high prices, metallic residues of these valuable catalysts as well as issues with product purification, did increase the interest in developing new catalysts. Noteworthy in this regard are the recently developed hydrosilylation reactions using catalysts based on earth-abundant transition metals (for example Mn, Fe, Co, Ni) and heterogeneous catalysts presented here. This volume of Topics in Organometallic Chemistry is written for scientists interested in silicon chemistry and its catalytic aspects, but can also be used as valuable handbook for postgraduate and advanced undergraduate students working with organometallic chemistry, catalysis as well as synthesis of fine chemicals.

This volume brings together established and early-career scientists, post-graduate students and industrial researchers to cover a wide range of topical subjects across organic photonics and electronics and related fields.

This book presents the selected papers presented at the 2nd World Conference on Byproducts of Palms and their Applications (ByPalma 2021), held as a virtual conference on September 28-30, 2021. The conference focused on the byproducts of palm plantations around the globe and their current and potential applications. It provided an interdisciplinary platform for leading academic scientists, researchers, artisans, entrepreneurs and industry professionals as well as palm growers to exchange recent developments, technologies, innovations, trends, concerns, challenges, and opportunities, related to palm by-products R&D, manufacturing, and crafts. As a reference, it will be of interest to students, scientists, engineers, government officials, and industrial practitioners.

This useful and extensive set of guidelines is designed to assist food control laboratories in gaining accreditation from an internationally recognized external body, providing all of the necessary information and practices in an easy-to-read, step-by-step fashion.  Authored by an experienced consultant for laboratory accreditation in many different countries, with this text food control lab owners now have all of the up-to-date information they need to gain accreditation in a single source. Guidelines for Laboratory Quality Managers covers the essentials for quality management in the food control laboratory, from testing processes to current quality management systems. The ISO standards for accreditation are extensively explored, including managerial requirements, organizational aspects, complaint handling procedures, internal audits, and sampling. An entire section is dedicated to the implementation of managerial and technical requirements from quality control to program monitoring and evaluation. Analysis selection, preparation, and validation is covered extensively, and an entire section is dedicated to basic statistics from data presentation to distribution. Each section comes with helpful tips for lab managers plus definitions and terms. Comprehensive, easy-to-use and up-to-date, Guidelines for Laboratory Quality Managers is the guide for accreditation for food control laboratories. 

This book delves into the world of natural sources such as medicinal plants, microbes, fungi, lichens, and algae that have been used for centuries in traditional medicine. The book provides a comprehensive guide to the isolation, characterization, and authentication of these natural sources for use in cosmeceuticals.

Due to their unique physicochemical properties, low cost, and wide availability, ethanol and glycerol have gained attention for their use as alternative feedstocks in the sustainable production of several commodity and specialty products. As a result, during the last decades, there has been intense research aimed at developing the potential applications of these biomass-derived compounds. Ethanol and Glycerol Chemistry - Production, Modelling, Applications, and Technological Aspects discusses recent advances and different aspects of the production, direct applications, and processing of ethanol and glycerol from a multidisciplinary perspective that includes the medical field, fuels, and chemical synthesis.

Presenting comprehensively the emerging field of MIMs and MIMats - a must read for everyone who is working on this topic.

Organic compounds are, at the most basic level, compounds that contain carbon and hydrogen. These compounds are called organic because they were once believed to have been derived from living things, but that is not necessarily the case. The organic compound is a large class of chemical compounds in which one or more carbon atoms are covalently linked to atoms of other elements, most commonly hydrogen, oxygen, or nitrogen. Some examples of organic compounds are carbohydrates, fats (lipids), proteins, and nucleic acids, which are the basis for the molecules of life. "Classification & Analysis of Organic Compounds" is a comprehensive book that describes basic concepts about the classification of organic compounds and how to do analysis of an organic compound. The book includes crystallization techniques, concepts of photochemistry, the chemistry of volatile organic compounds, electrochemistry, medicinal organic chemistry, enzymes, and their action. This book includes concepts about intermolecular interactions and their significance in detail.

This book discusses the extraction, purification, modification, and processing of biobased materials and their various industrial applications, across biomedical, pharmaceutical, construction, and other industries. It includes contributions from experts on hybrid biopolymers and bio-composites, bioactive and biodegradable materials, bio-inert polymers, natural polymers and composites, and metallic natural materials. Therefore, this encyclopedia is a useful reference for scientists, academicians, research scholars, and technologists. Major challenges of biobased materials are their efficient development, cost-effective, and green & environment friendly production/applications. This encyclopedia answers these challenges to professionals and scientists for proper utilization of biobased materials. It presents the recent practices of biobased materials technology in different scientific and engineering domains. It helps the bounded industrial outcomes to reach the general readership of different domains. This encyclopedia bridges the technological gaps between the industrial and academic professionals and the novice young students/scholars. The interdisciplinarity of this encyclopedia makes it unique for a wide readership.  The topic of biobased materials is currently popular in the scientific community, working in such following areas as Recycled materials, Renewable materials, Materials for efficiency, Materials for waste treatment, Materials for reduction of environmental load, Materials for easy disposal or recycle, Hazardous free materials, Materials for reducing human health impact, Materials for energy efficiency, Materials for green energy, etc. This is a relatively hot topic in materials science and has strong demands for energy, material and money savings, as well as heavy contamination problems, despite that the area of biobased materials belongs to most important fields of modern science & technology, no important encyclopedias have been published in the area of "e;biobased materials"e;

This book provides an excellent platform for understanding the chemical processes involved in food transformation. Starting with the examination of major food components, such as water, carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and minerals, the author further introduces the biochemistry of digestion and energy metabolism of food ingredients. The last section of the book is devoted to modern food technologies and their future perspectives.

This book elucidates the peculiar phenomenon of entropy/enthalpy compensation that takes place in high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) of polymers. Numerous publications, including some books, are devoted to molecular characterization of synthetic polymers, materials presently produced in large and steadily growing quantities, applying methods of HPLC. A knowledge of the molecular characteristics of polymers is indispensable, not only for their proper applications but also for their recycling and remediation. Polymer scientists generally focus on synthesis and potential applications of polymers while not giving due attention to an important central link, their comprehensive characterization in context of development of structure-property correlations. To fill this gap is one of the aims of the present book. The process of entropy/enthalpy compensation plays a decisive role in the advanced method of polymer characterization such as liquid chromatography at critical conditions, eluent gradient interaction chromatography, and temperature gradient interaction chromatography. All chemists working on any aspect of polymer science will find this book a valuable resource for the development of structure-property correlations.

This book introduces a comprehensive overview on the fundamentals and applications of environmental sampling and analysis for students in environmental science and engineering as well as environmental professionals involved in sampling and analytical work. The book details fundamentals of sampling, selection of standard methods, QA/QC, sample preparation, chemical and instrumental principles, and method applications to various contaminants in environmental matrices (air, water, soil, waste, and biological samples). The book gives an integrated introduction to sampling and analysis - both are essential to quality environmental data. For example, contrary to other books that introduce a specific area of sampling and analysis, this text provides a balanced mix of field sampling and laboratory analysis, essential knowledge in chemistry/statistics/hydrology/regulations, wet chemical methods for conventional chemicals as well as various modern instrumental techniques for contaminants of emerging concerns. The new edition adds three standalone chapters regarding the basics of analytical and organic chemistry, environmental data analysis, mass spectrometry and other significant amounts of new materials such as time-integrated passive sampling, incremental sampling, green sample preparation, Raman spectroscopy, chiral separation, and non-target analysis. In addition, the second edition provides more examples, visual aids, case studies, and end-of-chapter exercise problems to enhance a better understanding of the fundamentals of environmental sampling and analysis while incorporating current literature (mostly peer-reviewed journal papers) regarding the applications and challenges in the field of environmental sampling and analysis.