Kernekemi, fotokemi og stråling

The increased demand on fossil fuels for energy production has resulted in expanded research and development efforts on direct use of fossil fuels and conversion of fossil fuels into synthetic fuels. These efforts have focused on the efficiency of the energy production and/or conversion processes, and of the emission control technology, as well as delineation of the health and environmental impacts of those processes and their by-products. A key ingredient of these studies is the analytical capability necessary to identify and quan­ tify those chemicals of interest in the process and by-produce streams from coal combustion, oil shale retorting, petroleum refin­ ing, coal l1quifaction and gasification. These capabilities are needed to analyze a formidable range of materials including liquids, solids, gases and aerosols containing large numbers of criteria and pollutants including potentially hazardous polynuclear aromatic hy­ drocarbons, organo-sulfur and organo-nitrogen species, trace elements and heavy metals, among others. Taking notice of these developments we sought to provide a forum to discuss the latest information on new and novel applica­ tions of a subset of those necessary analytical capabilities, namely atomic and nuclear techniques. Consequently, we organized the con­ ference on Atomic and Nuclear Methods in Fossil Fuel Energy Research, which was held in Mayaguez, Puerto Rico from December 1 to December 4, 1980.

SESSION 1- DESIGN ASPECTS - 1.1 Single Focusing Magnetic Deflection Mass Spectrometers - 1.2 The Design of Double Focusing Magnetic Deflection Instruments - 1.3 A New Cycloidal Mass Spectrometer - 1.4 A Time of Flight Mass Spectrometer - 1.5 Recent Developments in the Quadrupole Mass Filter - SESSION 2 - PHYSICAL AND CHROMATOGRAPHIC APPLICATIONS - 2.1 A Fast-scan Mass Spectrometer for Residual Gas Analysis and the Examination of Effluents from Gas Chromatography Columns - 2.2 Flavour Research with a Low Cost Fast-scan MassSpectrometer - 2.3 A Gas Chromatograph-Mass Spectrometer Linkup Recent Developments - 2.4 A Small 1800 Deflection Partial Pressure-Total Pressure Gauge for Vacuum System Diagnosis - 2.5 A Cycloidal Mass Spectrometer Applied to the Measurementof the Speed of Sputter Ion Pumps - 2.6 The Sorption of Gases by Thin Films - SESSION 3 - CHEMICAL APPLICATIONS I - 3.1 The Use of a Quadrupole Mass Filter in the Study of aReacting Surface - 3.2 Mass-spectrometric Investigation of the Formation of Di-imide by the Catalytic Decomposition of Hydrazine at Low Pressures on Platinum - 3.3 Rearrangement Processes in the Fragmentation of Organic Ions - 3.4 A Novel Ion in the Mass Spectra of Arylureas and Related Compounds - 3.5 Mass Spectra of Some Substituted Cyclotetrazenoboranes - 3.6 The Decomposition of 9,1O-Diphenylanthracene Under Electron Impact - SESSION 4 - CHEMICAL APPLICATIONS II - 4.1 Use of Multiplet Peaks in the Examination of High Molecular Weight Petroleum Fractions - 4.2 Inorganic Analysis of Spark Source Mass Spectrometry - 4.3 An Examination of Metal Chelates by Mass Spectrometry - 4.4 Data Handling and Instrumentation in the A.W.R.E. Mass Spectrometers - SYMPOSIUM IMPRESSIONS - INDEX

""Radioactive Substances"" is a scientific book written by Marie Curie and published in 1904. The book is a comprehensive study of the physical and chemical properties of radioactive substances, including uranium, thorium, and radium. It also explores the nature of radioactivity, the emission of particles and energy from radioactive substances, and the effects of radiation on living organisms. The book is divided into three sections: the first section provides an introduction to the properties of radioactive substances, the second section focuses on the measurement of radioactivity, and the third section explores the practical applications of radioactivity in medicine, industry, and research. Marie Curie, the author of the book, was a pioneering scientist who made significant contributions to the field of radioactivity. She was the first woman to receive a Nobel Prize in Physics in 1903, and later received a second Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1911 for her work on radium and polonium. ""Radioactive Substances"" is a seminal work in the history of science and remains a valuable resource for anyone interested in the study of radioactivity and its applications.This scarce antiquarian book is a facsimile reprint of the old original and may contain some imperfections such as library marks and notations. Because we believe this work is culturally important, we have made it available as part of our commitment for protecting, preserving, and promoting the world's literature in affordable, high quality, modern editions, that are true to their original work.