Termokemi og kemisk termodynamik

High pressures play a more and more important role in modern technology. Examples are the supercritical fluid extraction of medical drugs and dyes from biological material, the handling of compressed or liquefied gases (including natural gas or hydrogen), the operation of modern thermal power plants, and various technical processes for controlled particle formation. High-Pressure Fluid Phase Equilibria, Second Edition enables understanding of the complicated phase behavior that fluid or fluid mixtures (liquids, gases, or supercritical phases) can exhibit at elevated pressures. The underlying thermodynamic equations are explained, and robust algorithms for the computation of such equilibria (including solid¿fluid equilibria) are proposed. Since the publication of the first edition of this book, there have been many new developments, for instance, differential equation methods for the computation of phase equilibria, accurate numerical differentiation, and high-precision equations of state (e.g., the GERG model). Moreover, more detail and explanation has been added on important topics that were only briefly examined in the original book to better assist the reader, such as expansion processes and chemical reactions). The book remains invaluable as a single resource for grasping the intricacies of fluid phase behavior. It enables the readers to write or improve their own computer programs for the calculation of phase equilibria. It will appeal to graduate students of chemical engineering and university research staff involved in chemical engineering of supercritical fluids or the physical chemistry of fluids; the book can also serve as the basis of lectures or advanced students¿ seminars.

Die phänomenologische Thermodynamik ist von wenigen grundlegenden Observablen, Konzepten und Zusammenhängen bestimmt, die nicht einfach zu vermitteln sind, besonders dann, wenn die notwendige mathematische Vorstellung und Fähigkeit der Studierenden an Grenzen stößt. Das vorliegende Lehr- und Übungsbuch "Chemische Thermodynamik" vermittelt Studierenden im Haupt- und Nebenfach Chemie anschaulich polytrope Zustandsänderungen, Reaktions- und Phasengleichgewichte, Oberflächen und Grenzflächen sowie Verfahren und Vergleich von herkömmlicher und moderner Energiegewinnung und Bioenergetik. Ideal zur Prüfungsvorbereitung sind die rund 500 explizit gelösten Fragen und Aufgaben, u.a. zu idealen und realen Gasen, zur Bioenergetik etc., und der lerndidaktisch förderliche Anspruch auf Parallelität von prägnanter Fassung der Theorie und extensiver fächerintegrierender Übung. Neu in der 4., umfassend überarbeiteten und ergänzten Auflage: - Zusätzliche Kapitel zu schadstofffreien Emissionen, thermischer Analyse und Umwandlungsketten von grünem Wasserstoff als klimaneutraler Brennstoff der deutschen Energiewende. - Zusätzliche Übungsaufgaben und Lösungen. - Optimal zur Prüfungsvorbereitung und darüber hinaus.

Follow step-by-step explanations to understand mathematical models - algebraic and differential equations - of chemical reactors and how numerical models workin computer implementation. Learn the basics behind current user-friendly tools in numerical simulation and optimization of reactor systems (Python, Matlab, Julia and gPROMS). Discover how to select the right algorithm for specific reactor models from homogenous to multiphase systems and structured reactors in detailed discussions at the end of each chapter. In this second edition, 20 solved example simulations performed in MATLAB and Python are included for demonstration purposes.

Calorimetric Methods for the Characterization of Porous Materials presents calorimetric methods used in the characterization of porous materials using chemical thermodynamics. Among these materials, catalysts, supports and adsorbents (such as Activated Carbon, Metal-Organic-Frameworks, SBA-15, Zeolites, Graphene, Graphite, Carbon Foams) are presented. In addition, the use of calorimetry in the study of catalytic reactions in different phases is explored-applicable to air and wastewater treatment, clean and renewable energies, green chemistry, as well as energy production and storage (Carbon dioxide, methane and hydrogen at high pressure). Chapters summarize basic concepts of thermodynamics and kinetics alongside experimental techniques such as thermal analysis and calorimetry. In addition, information is given about different calorimetric methods that can be used in studies aimed at characterizing the physicochemical properties of adsorbents, supports and solid catalysts, as well as the processes related to the adsorption-desorption phenomena of the reactants and/or products of catalytic reactions.

"Energy in Plastics Technology" provides, unlike any other book, the necessary fundamentals for dealing with thermotechnical issues in the processing of plastics, leading to efficient, robust, reliable, economical, and environmentally friendly processes for high-quality products. The following four areas are addressed: - Methodical application of the essential fundamentals to practical problems. The focus is on the formulation of energy balances.- Special emphasis is placed on the understanding of the first and second laws of thermodynamics, with their manifold implications.- Access to key advanced technical literature, which can be highly theoretical, and forms the basis for advanced simulation methods, is provided.- Analytical approaches for modeling processes (as opposed to numerical simulation methods) are covered, so that the influence of the essential process parameters can be better recognized, and correct results in terms of order of magnitude are obtained with reasonable effort. These simplified considerations provide a valuable support for the preparation of experiments and numerical simulations and their critical evaluation. The fundamentals provided are applied - in exemplary calculation examples - to problems relevant to practice in the most important processing and forming methods. The book is aimed at engineers and students working in plastics technology as well as technicians and plastics technologists. Contents:Part 1 - Introductory Fundamentals: Introduction, Material Behavior of Plastics, Thermodynamics, Fluid Mechanics I, Heat TransferPart 2 - Advanced Fundamentals: Steady-State Heat Conduction, Transient Heat Conduction, Thermodynamics of Air-Drying, Fluid Mechanics II, Recycling of PlasticsPart 3 - Practical Examples

Doctoral Thesis / Dissertation from the year 2014 in the subject Physics - Thermodynamics, grade: 9.9, , language: English, abstract: This book mainly deals with a systematic study on the determination of multi energetic photon interaction parameters at different ¿-energies, density and thermal expansion as a function of temperature of 17 alkali halides using ¿-ray attenuation technique. This technique has been applied to alkali halides for the first time to measure thermophysical properties and linear attenuation coefficient as a function of temperature. The results of experimental determination of attenuation coefficient, density and thermal expansion at high temperatures are presented in this book. The study of photon interaction parameters of these materials at different photon energies has also been included in this book.Though there are considerable reports on the determination of thermal expansion of alkali halides, but the studies on variation of density and linear attenuation coefficient with temperature are lacking. The knowledge of photon interaction parameters of different materials is very useful in various fields.

The combustion properties of organic materials are used to assess their safety specifications. This knowledge is necessary to avoid potentially disastrous fires. The experimental determination of the combustion properties of a new organic compound is laborious and sometimes even impossible. This book describes methods for the determination and prediction of the combustion properties of organic compounds, along with some examples and exercises. This 2nd Edition includes an updated and improved presentation of the application of different new models for reliable prediction of diverse aspects of flammability of organic compounds.

Pinch Technology explains the principles of process integration, the use of pinch technology as well as energy recycling in oil, gas, petrochemical and industrial processes. It gives an complete overview of all relevant and similar references in the fi eld of energy recovery in oil, gas and petrochemicals.

In der umfassend erweiterten 2. Auflage stellen die Autoren neben den grundlegenden Konzepten der Molekülsymmetrie nun auch Symmetrieuntersuchungen in Festkörpern mittels der Röntgendiffraktometrie vor. Damit werden Symmetrieoperationen, Punkt- und erstmalig auch Raumgruppen neben Schwingungs- und Elektronenspektroskopie sowie kernmagnetische Resonanz behandelt.

Essay from the year 2017 in the subject Physics - Thermodynamics, grade: 1, , language: English, abstract: Phase change, isotherm and isotherm migration method are very important terms to learn in thermodynamics. This article is aimed at presenting the definition and mathematical discussion of some important thermodynamic terms such as phase change, isotherm and isotherm migration method etc. It offers an overview of some theoretical literature on these topics and presents their interpretation. Phase-change, Isotherm, Stefan Problems, and Isotherm Migration method are described with graphical or mathematical representation to clarify the concepts so that one can get brief idea about them.This study focuses on different types of discussion about the phase change, isotherm, and isotherm migration method. From this article one can get a brief idea about the phase change and isotherm migration method. The essay offers definitions of the terms ("phase change", "isotherm"), explains the Stefan problems and offers methods of solution.