Overfladekemi og adsorption

This Handbook of Numerical Simulation of In-Flight Icing covers an array of methodologies and technologies on numerical simulation of in-flight icing and its applications. Comprised of contributions from internationally recognized experts from the Americas, Asia, and the EU, this authoritative, self-contained reference includes best practices and specification data spanning the gamut of simulation tools available internationally that can be used to speed up the certification of aircraft and make them safer to fly into known icing. The collection features nine sections concentrating on aircraft, rotorcraft, jet engines, UAVs; ice protection systems, including hot-air, electrothermal, and others; sensors and probes, CFD in the aid of testing, flight simulators, and certification process acceleration methods. Incorporating perspectives from academia, commercial, government R&D, the book is ideal for a range of engineers and scientists concerned with in-flight icing applications.

This book focuses on surface activity of electron emission (EE). Prior to protective painting, a steel surface is usually grit blasted or sandblasted to remove scale and contaminants and to roughen the surface. This book emphasizes that such surface treatment causes EE, increasing the strength of paint adhesion. Introduced here are the experimental results of thermally assisted photoelectron emission (TAPE) and tribo-stimulated (rubbing) electron emission (TriboEE) from practical metals after different kinds of surface-treatment processes. A detailed description is given of how Arrhenius activation energies relating to electron transfer through the surface overlayer and also the energy levels of electrons trapped in the overlayer can be obtained, and how TAPE and TriboEE data can be influenced by the chemical properties of that overlayer. This book is composed of four parts: I. Surface treatment processes; II. The principle of EE analysis used for practical surfaces; III. Materials and methods of EE and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS); IV. EE and XPS characteristics of practical surfaces. In the last part, the EE and XPS results for metals, semiconductors, and carbon materials are drawn from the author's own publications. The book will be useful for researchers engaging in surface-treatment processes of various materials.

This volume brings together internationally leading researchers in this interdisciplinary field to explore and exchange ideas, both experimental and theoretical, to further our understanding of the fundamental properties of water at interfaces.

This book describes the application of surface chemistry methods for carbon capture and recycling as related to climate change and CO2 concentration increase in the air. This online educational textbook addresses the importance of CO2 capture and sequestration for the future to use fossil fuels without contributing to atmospheric greenhouse gases.

This book presents the proceedings of CIRATM-9. The papers present the latest scientific concepts and technological developments in textile and materials of worldwide researchers and practitioners. The conference promotes sharing ideas and emerging technologies and fosters research and development collaborations amongst academia, research institutions and relevant industries. CIRATM is the first international conference applied on textiles in Tunisia and all Maghreb. It is a regular conference organized every two year since 2004. It focuses on all textile and materials fields. It joints together all actors of textile field and share research with many international collaborators.This edition is organized with the collaboration of 4 Tunisian partners and 6 international associates and institutions*        Laboratory of Textile Engineering (LGTex, Tunisia),nbsp;       Monastir university (Tunisia)nbsp;       Tunisian Association of Textile Researchers (ATCTex, Tunisia) nbsp;       Le ple de comptitivit Monastir-El Fejja (mfcpole, Tunisia)nbsp;       Association of the universities for textiles (AUTEX, International)nbsp;       Balkan Society of textile engineering (BASTE)nbsp;       National research & development institute for textile and leather (INCDTP, Bucharest- Romania)nbsp;       Yazid University (Iran)nbsp;       Centre d'Essais Textile (Cetelor, Lorraine - France)nbsp;       Center of Textile Science and Technology (2C2T - University of Minho, Portugal)

This Faraday Discussion volume brings together internationally leading experimental and theoretical scientists from across the fields of astronomy, chemistry, and physics to explore and exchange their ideas about our chemical understanding of the universe.

This book satisfies the interest and curiosity of beginners in thin film electrode preparations, characterizations, and device making, while providing insight into the area for experts. The considerable literature on ¿metal chalcogenides based carbon composites and their versatile applications¿ reflect its importance for research and demonstrate how it¿s now reached a level where the timely review is necessary to understand the current progress and recent trends and future opportunities. In the book, the authors examine recent advances in the state-of-the-art fabrication techniques of metal sulfide based carbon composites along with their working mechanisms, associated issues/solutions, and possible future are discussed. In addition, detailed insight into the properties and various applications including principles, design, fabrication, and engineering aspects are further discussed.

Corrosion is a high-cost and potentially hazardous issue in numerous industries. The potential use of diverse carbon nanoallotropes in corrosion protection, prevention and control is a subject of rising attention. This book covers the current advancements of carbon nanoallotropes in metal corrosion management, including the usage of nanostructure materials to produce high-performance corrosion inhibitors and corrosion-resistant coatings.

Dieses Buch beschreibt moderne Erkenntnisse der Farbwahrnehmung, die auf physikalischen und physiologischen Phänomenen basiert. Dargestellt werden die Vorgänge vor unserem Auge und die Umsetzung hinter unserem Auge (Gehirn). Dabei spielen Pigmente eine große Rolle bei der Manipulation der Lichtstrahlen. Diese Manipulation kann unterschiedlich sein und durch Absorption, Spiegelung oder Interferenz erfolgen. Allerdings ist es dem Auge egal, wie diese Manipulation stattfindet. Ein grünes Buntpigment erzeugt den gleichen Farbeindruck wie eine Mischung aus einem gelben und einem blauen Buntpigment. Das Buch führt populärwissenschaftlich an das Thema heran und spricht hierdurch einen großen Leserkreis an, der Interesse an naturwissenschaftlichen Themen zeigt. http://lila.wrcramer.de/

The chemistry of nanomaterials has developed considerably in the past two decades, and concepts that have emerged from these developments are now well established. The surface modification of nanoparticles is a subject of intense research interest given its importance for many applications across a number of disciplines. This comprehensive guide is the first to be devoted to the surface chemistry of inorganic nanocrystals. Following an introduction to the physical chemistry of surfaces, chapters cover topics such as the surface modification of nanoparticles, water compatible, polymer-based, and inorganic nanocomposites, as well as relevant applications in catalysis, biotechnology and nanomedicine. Highlighting recent advances, Surface Chemistry of Colloidal Nanocrystals provides an integrated approach to chemical aspects related to the surface of nanocrystals. Written by prestigious scientists, this will be a useful resource for students and researchers working in surface science, nanoscience and materials science as well as those interested in the applications of the nanomaterials in areas such as health science, biology, and environmental engineering.

Magnetism and Structure in Functional Materials addresses three distinct but related topics: (i) magnetoelastic materials such as magnetic martensites and magnetic shape memory alloys, (ii) the magnetocaloric effect related to magnetostructural transitions, and (iii) colossal magnetoresistance (CMR) and related manganites. The goal is to identify common underlying principles in these classes of materials that are relevant for optimizing various functionalities. The emergence of apparently different magnetic/structural phenomena in disparate classes of materials clearly points to a need for common concepts in order to achieve a broader understanding of the interplay between magnetism and structure in this general class of new functional materials exhibiting ever more complex microstructure and function. The topic is interdisciplinary in nature and the contributors correspondingly include physicists, materials scientists and engineers. Likewise the book will appeal to scientists from all these areas.

The availability of synchrotron x-ray sources and the subsequent developments described in this book have led to substantial progress in our understanding of molecular ordering at liquid interfaces. This practical guide enables graduate students and researchers working in physics, chemistry, biology and materials science to understand and carry out experimental investigations into the basic physical and chemical properties of liquid surfaces and interfaces. The book examines the surfaces of bulk liquids, thin wetting films and buried liquid-liquid interfaces. It discusses experiments on simple and complex fluids, including pure water and organic liquids, liquid crystals, liquid metals, electrified liquid-liquid interfaces and interfacial monolayers of amphiphiles, nanoparticles, polymers and biomolecules. A detailed description of the apparatus and techniques required for these experiments is provided, and theoretical approaches to data analysis are described, including approximate methods such as the Master formula, the Born approximation, Parratt's algorithm and the Distorted Wave Approximation.