Økologi, biosfæren

The Microscope, has been considered important throughout human history. In an effort to ensure that this work is never lost, we have taken steps to secure its preservation by republishing this book in a modern format for both current and future generations. This complete book has been retyped, redesigned, and reformatted. Since these books are not scans of the authors' original publications, the text is readable and clear.

Louis Agassiz as a Teacher; illustrative extracts on his method of instruction, has been considered important throughout human history. In an effort to ensure that this work is never lost, we have taken steps to secure its preservation by republishing this book in a modern format for both current and future generations. This complete book has been retyped, redesigned, and reformatted. Since these books are not scans of the authors' original publications, the text is readable and clear.

The Lone Swallows, has been considered important throughout human history. In an effort to ensure that this work is never lost, we have taken steps to secure its preservation by republishing this book in a modern format for both current and future generations. This complete book has been retyped, redesigned, and reformatted. Since these books are not scans of the authors' original publications, the text is readable and clear.

El objetivo de nuestro estudio es demostrar cómo el concepto culturalmente relevante e interesante de hogar y naturaleza juega un papel activo y central en La Comunidad del Anillo de JRR Tolkien y en Mago y Cristal de Stephen King. Para ello, analizamos la idea de hogar desarrollada en ambas obras desde el punto de vista de la crítica medioambiental, aportando puntos ilustrativos que justifican las implicaciones ecológicas en la obra de Tolkien y, a su vez, contrastando los resultados obtenidos mediante un análisis comparativo con la obra de King. Presentamos la forma en que ambos autores añaden una nueva perspectiva al concepto de hogar, en la que se presenta un enfoque sostenible y ambientalmente integrado en el que la naturaleza no se sitúa en un espacio separado y artificial, sino al mismo nivel que los protagonistas de las historias.

Despite their rich fossil history, there are only four surviving species of sirenians or sea cows, the only fully aquatic herbivorous mammals. The three species of manatees and the dugong live in the coastal waters rivers and lakes of more than 80 tropical and subtropical countries and are all on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. This book examines sirenian conservation biology through the lens of their behavioral ecology and ethology. Sirenian feeding, diving, movement, social and reproductive behaviors are reviewed by an international team of scientists from eight countries, with an emphasis on data gathered in the past 15 years.  

This book collects ground-breaking works on the actual and potential impact of big data and data-integrated design for resilient urban environments, including human- and ecology-centred perspectives. Comprehending and designing for urban social, demographic and environmental change is a complex task. Big data, data structuring, data analysis (i.e. AI and ML) and data-integrated design can play a significant role in advancing approaches to this task. The themes presented in this book include urban adaptation, urban morphology, urban mobility, urban ecosystems, urban climate, urban ecology and agriculture. Given the compound nature of complex sustainability problems, most chapters address the correlation between several of these themes. The book addresses practitioners, researchers and graduate students concerned with the rapidly increasing role of data in developing urban environments.

The Pageant of Summer, has been considered important throughout human history. In an effort to ensure that this work is never lost, we have taken steps to secure its preservation by republishing this book in a modern format for both current and future generations. This complete book has been retyped, redesigned, and reformatted. Since these books are not scans of the authors' original publications, the text is readable and clear.

Mendel's principles of heredity: A defence, has been considered important throughout human history. In an effort to ensure that this work is never lost, we have taken steps to secure its preservation by republishing this book in a modern format for both current and future generations. This complete book has been retyped, redesigned, and reformatted. Since these books are not scans of the authors' original publications, the text is readable and clear.

Mendelism, has been considered important throughout human history. In an effort to ensure that this work is never lost, we have taken steps to secure its preservation by republishing this book in a modern format for both current and future generations. This complete book has been retyped, redesigned, and reformatted. Since these books are not scans of the authors' original publications, the text is readable and clear.

Locusts and Wild Honey, has been considered important throughout human history. In an effort to ensure that this work is never lost, we have taken steps to secure its preservation by republishing this book in a modern format for both current and future generations. This complete book has been retyped, redesigned, and reformatted. Since these books are not scans of the authors' original publications, the text is readable and clear.

A presentation of over 700 popular orchid species in 104 genera carefully detailed with beautiful photographs and concise descriptions of plants, their distribution and habitats by a well-known author and photographer. Each genus is assigned a separate chapter. Coverage of the most commonly cultivated Asian species including their varieties and cultivars (e.g. in Bulbophyllum  72  species; Coelogyne  33 species; Dendrobium  161 species; Paphiopedilum  58 species; Phalaenopsis 60 species; Vanda 44 species) is exhaustive. The orchids are photographed from their best perspective, individual blooms and entire inflorescence: additionally, many species are also shown growing in their natural habitat. Representative hybrids are included to illustrate how some species have contributed to show-worthiness of various genera, their adaptation to a wider climate range, and easy cultivation. This book is a pleasure to view; simultaneously, an easy reference for the identification of orchid species and it provides a guide on how best to grow them. Nowhere else will one find so many popular species beautifully illustrated in a single volume.A must for everyone fascinated by orchids or with a love for nature.

This book presents the findings of a multidisciplinary study on the effects of urban agriculture (UA) on the social, economic and environmental aspects of the quality of life in Sofia - the capital of Bulgaria. The analyses are based on a sociological survey representative of 3 districts of Sofia (among 750 people), in-depth interviews, focus groups, expert statements, ecological monitoring of UA sites, and spatial mapping of natural resources for UA. It also focuses on UA effects on the social well-being of citizens and communities, the correlation between social capital and UA attitudes, the challenges for UA to integrate disadvantaged social groups, the factors for success of small UA businesses, as well as the role of policy and civil society in developing UA.  This work is also important for the analysis of the underlying links between all aspects of urban agriculture, many of which are valid beyond the local socio-economic context and environmental specifics of the city of Sofia.

Dieses reich illustrierte Buch ist der ideale Führer zu den Gegenständen, die an den Stränden der Welt herumliegen. Vergessen Sie Muscheln und andere Fauna und Flora. Hier finden Sie, was ein Strandbesucher heutzutage am ehesten antreffen kann: Glas, Plastik, Holz, Metall, Papier, Öl und andere Quellen der Meeresverschmutzung!Mit fast 700 Fotos zeigt dieser Leitfaden die ganze Bandbreite der Müllgegenstände im Meer, die jeweils mit einem Augenzwinkern und einer Prise Humor vorgestellt werden. Darüber hinaus liefert der Autor ausführliche Informationen zu diesen Gegenständen. Sie werden alles Wissenswerte über sie erfahren. Dazu gehören nicht nur ihre Herkunft und ihre Zersetzungsstadien. Sie erfahren, welche Bedrohung die einzelnen Gegenstände für diese wunderschöne Umwelt darstellen, und erhalten Informationen über Präventionsstrategien, Empfehlungen für die Reinigung, alternative Produkte sowie Recycling- und Upcycling-Ideen. Neben dem ästhetischen Aspekt stellt der Müll im Meer auch eine Bedrohung für die Tierwelt, die menschliche Gesundheit und das wirtschaftliche Wohlergehen dar. Dieses Buch gibt Ihnen das nötige Wissen an die Hand, um diese schändlichen und oft gefährlichen Schandflecke zu bekämpfen. Werden Sie ein Stranddetektiv! Bereisen Sie mit dieser ultimativen Strandlektüre die beliebtesten Reiseziele der Welt und helfen Sie mit, diese faszinierenden Umgebungen in ihrer natürlichen Schönheit wiederherzustellen.

Roadkill is a recurrent but often unthought feature of modern life. Yet, consideration of the broader significance of the myriad social, ethical, and political issues related to roadkill has largely gone missing from mainstream scholarship and activism. This neglect persists even in fields such as mobility studies and animal studies that would otherwise seem to have a vested interest in the topic. This book aims to bring roadkill to the foreground of current discussions among scholars and activists in these fields in order to demonstrate that roadkill is a uniquely important site from which to understand and contest the machinations of the dominant social order. It argues that a careful examination of roadkill can help both to uncover the hidden violence of contemporary human-centered systems of mobility and to develop alternative modes of mobility for a renewed social life in common with our more-than-human kin.

This book aims to present a reality view for Papua New Guinea based on many years of first-hand field work and research accounts. It further assesses sustainability in the light of 47,000 years of a self-sustained type of civilization without bad global impacts. This book contrasts the modern sustainable development failures from the colonial times onwards, as promoted by the ¿western world¿, namely Australia, the UK, EU and the U.S as well as Japan and now, China, in times of globalization, Trump¿ism and royal governance (Papua New Guinea is still part of the British Dominion and of the Antarctic Treaty etc). This assessment and book is the first of its kind also employing modern data analysis, Landscape Ecology principles (patterns and processes, telecoupling) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) with Open Access data focusing on ecological economics, marxism, socialism and contrasting it with current capitalism and neoliberalism that Papua New Guinea is fully exposed to. Throughout the 31 book chapters various aspects are covered how a further insistence on the ¿new¿ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and so-called Development Aid will result in unwanted side effects and perverse outcomes for Papua New Guinea and for the world in times of wider ¿global change¿ and unprecedented man-made crisis.

This book highlights the sustainability aspects of products and processes in forest science. The forest products sector supplies raw materials to several industrial sectors worldwide. These products can be classified as timber or non-timber products. Wood products are those that originate from the woody fraction and can include pulp, charcoal, firewood, and others. The non-timber products, on the other hand, have the products extracted from the different parts of the tree, such as bark, leaves, fruits, resins, oils, tannins, or even products extracted from non-woody biomass, such as palm heart or carnauba, among others. There are new studies and new products developed from forests worldwide each day. However, studies that evaluate the sustainability of these products and the processes related to their production are not so common. It is essential to highlight the sustainability aspects of these activities and the products obtained from them; such that steps can be taken to make the processes eco-friendly.Allied to ecological sustainability studies that evaluate the technical and economic feasibility of such activities arise. With this book, the authors through the approach of other products and processes of forest science, present the practical vision of aligning production with sustainability in an economically viable way. The book analyses different products and processes, ranging from technological production of engineered wood products to handcrafted resins with a high commercial appeal. With the expertise of different authors, who are researchers in various specific areas of forest sciences, this book helps expand research and presents new insights, assisting industry decision-makers and researchers working in the areas forest sciences.

Elephants are threatened by the ever-changing land use and land cover systems in pursuit of human well-being. Multifunctional landscapes such as the Trans Mara in Kenya represent the arena of action leading to conflicts between elephants and people. The landscape comprises communal lands bordering the world-famous Masai Mara National Reserve, supports various land use types and provides refuge to one of Kenyäs large elephant populations.This book uses interdisciplinary methods to gain insights into the nature and consequences of conflict on the well-being of communities living with elephants. Using the Trans Mara landscape as a case study, the book shows that elephant ranges are increasingly being restricted by expanding human activities. For Trans Mara, this is happening against a background of increasing human settlement, land sub-division and agriculture. The impact of elephants on human well-being is evident, differentially affecting the psychological, material and social components of wellbeing. These impacts have local and global implications for the pursuit of human well-being and the conservative of elephants.

Soil seed banks are reserves of viable seeds present on the surface or incorporated in the soil. It is potentially important to plant population dynamics and community structure. Many factors affect the size, diversity and abundance of the seed bank. In the present study, an attempt has been made to document the species richness and soil seed bank diversity in rice-based dryland and irrigated agroecosystems and compares these with the marginal uncultivated grassland. This study illustrates the effect of different ecological practices on species diversity, phenology, seed production, seed rain and size of soil seed bank during winter and rainy seasons in three ecosystems. Information obtained from this study can be used for weed management in the agroecosystem, to make recommendations for future cost-effective measures and to establish policies for conservation or restoration programs. This book will be helpful to post-graduate students of environmental sciences, life sciences and restoration ecology and also to researchers for making a basic understanding of the diversity of soil seed banks and their role in weed management and ecosystem restoration.

This book brings a unique perspective to animal movement studies because all studies come from African tropical environments where the great diversity, either biological and structurally (trees, shrubs, vines, epiphytes), present the animals with several options to fulfil their basic needs. These conditions have forced the evolution of unique movement patterns and ecological strategies. ¿The book follows on our previous book ¿Movement Ecology of Neotropical Forest Mammals¿ but focuses on tropical African forests. Movement is an essential process in the life of all organisms. Animals move because they are looking for primary needs such as food, water, cover, mating and to avoid predators. Understanding the causes and consequences of animal movement is not an easy task for behavioural ecologists. Many animals are shy, move in secretive ways and are very sensible to human presence, therefore, studying the movements of mammals in tropical environments presents logistical and methodologicalchallenges. However, researchers have recently started to be solved these challenges and exciting new information is emerging. In this book we are compiling a set of extraordinary studies where researchers have used new technology and the strongest methodological approaches to understand movement patterns in wild African forest mammals. This second book should inspire early career researchers to investigate wild mammal¿s movements in some of the most amazing forest in the world: African tropical forests.

This edited volume summarizes multidisciplinary work on wildlife conservation in the Tarangire Ecosystem of northern Tanzania. By drawing together human-centered, wildlife-centered, and interdisciplinary research, this book contributes to furthering our understanding of the often complex mechanisms underlying human-wildlife interactions in dynamic landscapes. By synthesizing the wealth of knowledge generated by anthropologists, ecologists, conservationists, entrepreneurs, geographers, sociologists, and zoologists over the last decades, this book also highlights practicable and locally adapted solutions for shaping human-wildlife interactions towards coexistence.Readers will discover the reciprocal and often unexpected direct and indirect dynamics between people and wildlife. While boundaries (e.g. between people and wildlife, between protected and un-protected areas, and between different groups of people) are a common theme throughout the different chapters, this book stresses the commonalities, links, and synergies between seemingly disparate disciplines, opinions, and conservation approaches. The chapters are divided into clear sections, such as the human dimension, the wildlife dimension  and  human-wildlife interactions,  representing a detailed summary of anthropological, ecological, and interdisciplinary research projects that have been conducted in the Tarangire Ecosystem over the last decades. Beyond, this work contributes to the debate about land-sharing versus land-sparing and provides an in-depth case study for understanding the complexities associated with human-wildlife coexistence in one of the few remaining ecosystems that supports migratory populations of large mammals.The topic of this book is particularly relevant for students, scholars, and practitioners who are interested in reconciling the needs of human populations with those of the environment in general and large mammal populations in particular.