Bioinformatik

This book reports on fundamental research, cutting-edge technologies and industrially-relevant applications in biomedical engineering.  It covers methods for analysis, modeling and simulation of biological systems, reporting on the development and design of advanced biosensors, nanoparticles and wearable devices. It covers applications in disease monitoring and therapy, tissue engineering, sport and rehabilitation, and telehealth. It also reports on engineering methods for improving  and monitoring medical service, and on advanced robotic applications. Gathering the proceedings of the XLV Congreso Nacional de Ingenieria Biomedica (CNIB2022), organised by the Mexican Society of Biomedical Engineering, this book offers a timely snapshot on technologies and methods in bioengineering, and on challenges related to their practical implementation in the health sector. 

Microbiome research has focused on microorganisms that live within the human body and their effects on health. During the last few years, the quantification of microbiome composition in different environments has been facilitated by the advent of high throughput sequencing technologies. The statistical challenges include computational difficulties due to the high volume of data; normalization and quantification of metabolic abundances, relative taxa and bacterial genes; high-dimensionality; multivariate analysis; the inherently compositional nature of the data; and the proper utilization of complementary phylogenetic information. This has resulted in an explosion of statistical approaches aimed at tackling the unique opportunities and challenges presented by microbiome data.This book provides a comprehensive overview of the state of the art in statistical and informatics technologies for microbiome research. In addition to reviewing demonstrably successful cutting-edge methods, particular emphasis is placed on examples in R that rely on available statistical packages for microbiome data. With its wide-ranging approach, the book benefits not only trained statisticians in academia and industry involved in microbiome research, but also other scientists working in microbiomics and in related fields.

The LNCS journal Transactions on Computational Systems Biology is devoted to inter- and multidisciplinary research in the fields of computer science and life sciences and supports a paradigmatic shift in the techniques from computer and information science to cope with the new challenges arising from the systems oriented point of view of biological phenomena.This, the 13th Transactions on Computational Systems Biology volume, guest edited by Ralph-Johan Back, Ion Petre, and Erik de Vink, focuses on Computational Models for Cell Processes and features a number of carefully selected and enhanced contributions initially presented at the CompMod workshop, which took place in Eindhoven, The Netherlands, in November 2009. From different points of view and following various approaches, the papers cover a wide range of topics in systems biology, addressing the dynamics and the computational principles of this emerging field.

This detailed volume provides state-of-the-art methodologies and reviews of important topics in the field of homology modeling. From homology modeling in the twilight zone and improving accuracy through sequence space analysis to approaches to construct multi-protein complex models, the book explores a wide variety of uses and applications of this valuable technique. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, the chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary programs, webservers, and databases, step-by-step and readily reproducible protocols, as well as tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Homology Modeling: Methods and Protocols serves as an ideal guide to recent homology modeling procedures, assumptions made, and model quality assessment that will illuminate the black box of homology modeling for novice readers and broaden the knowledge of this methodology for professionals.

Handbook of Whale Optimization Algorithm: Variants, Hybrids, Improvements, and Applications provides the most in-depth look at an emerging meta-heuristic that has been widely used in both science and industry. Whale Optimization Algorithm has been cited more than 5000 times in Google Scholar, thus solving optimization problems using this algorithm requires addressing a number of challenges including multiple objectives, constraints, binary decision variables, large-scale search space, dynamic objective function, and noisy parameters to name a few. This handbook provides readers with in-depth analysis of this algorithm and existing methods in the literature to cope with such challenges. The authors and editors also propose several improvements, variants and hybrids of this algorithm. Several applications are also covered to demonstrate the applicability of methods in this book.

This book is suitable for researchers and practitioners in biology, medicine and health sciences and bioinformatics. The success of bioinformatics and computational biology in recent years has been driven by research through computational tools and techniques that are essential for data analysis in modern biology and medicine.Systems biology is a related research area that has been replacing the reductionist view that dominated biology research in the last decades, requiring the coordinated efforts of biological researchers with those related to data analysis, mathematical modelling, computer simulation and optimization. The accumulation and exploitation of large-scale databases prompt new computational technology and for research into these issues. In this context, many widely successful computational models and tools used by biologists in these initiatives, such as clustering and classification methods for gene expression data, are based on computer science/ artificial intelligence (CS/AI) techniques. In fact, these methods have been helping in tasks related to knowledge discovery, modelling and optimization tasks, aiming at the development of computational models so that the response of biological complex systems to any perturbation can be predicted.This proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Practical Applications of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics (PACBB), held in L'Aquila (Italy) from July 13 to 15, 2022, contains ten original contributions of authors from many different countries (Bahrain, Canada, France, Italy, Portugal, Saudi Arabia, Spain, and UK) and different subfields in bioinformatics and computational biology.It is also suitable for artificial intelligence researchers interested in exploring applications in biology and health sciences and computational models.

This book covers liquid chromatography, gas chromatography and capillary electrophoresis, the three main separation techniques lately available, applied to key omic sciences, such as genomics, proteomics, metabolomics and foodomics. The fundamentals of each technique are not covered herein. Instead, the recent advances in such techniques are presented focusing on the application to omics analyses and unique aspects in each case. This volume intends to offer wide ranging options available to researchers on omics sciences, and how to integrate them in order to achieve the comprehension of a biological system as a whole.Omic sciences have been of ultimate importance to comprehend the complex biochemical reactions and related events that occurs upon a biological system. The classical central dogma of molecular biology, which states that genetic information flows unidirectionally from DNA to RNA and then to proteins, has been gradually replaced by the systems biology approach. This book presents a multidisciplinary approach that explains the biological system as a whole, where the entire organism is influenced by a variety of internal events as well as by the environment, showing that each level of the biological information flux may influence the previous or the subsequent one. 

This book serves as a brief introduction to phylogenetic trees and molecular evolution for biologists and biology students. It does so by presenting the main concepts in a variety of ways: first visually, then in a history, next in a dice game, and finally in simple equations. The content is primarily designed to introduce upper-level undergraduate and graduate students of biology to phylogenetic tree reconstruction and the underlying models of molecular evolution.  A unique feature also of interest to experienced researchers is the emphasis on simple ways to quantify the uncertainty in the results more fully than is possible with standard methods.

Arctic and Subarctic North America is particularly affected by climate change, where average temperatures are rising three times faster than the global average. Documenting the changing climate/environment of the north requires a structured knowledge of indicator taxa that reflect the effects of climate changes.Aleocharine beetles are a dominant group of forest insects, which are being used in many projects as indicators of environmental change. Many species are forest specialists restricted to certain microhabitats, some are generalists and others are open habitat specialists. They represent many ecological niches and, as such, are good indicators for many other species as well. The majority of Canadian aleocharine beetle species (about 600 spp.) has been studied and published by Jan Klimaszewski et al. (2018, 2020), mainly from southern, central, and western Canada, while the northern taxa remain poorly known and documented. The aim of the presentbook is to summarize the knowledge on this insect group in the Arctic and Subarctic North America and to provide a diagnostic and ecological tool for scientists studying and monitoring insects in northern Canada and Alaska. The book includes a review of the literature, information on 238 species and their habitats, taxonomic review, images, and identification tools.

This new volume, a part of the Proteomics, Metabolomics, Interactomics and Systems Biology series, will explain how proteomic studies of post-translational modifications (PTMs) can be applied to neurodegenerative diseases and relevant studies. The goal of the book is to increase awareness among researchers about how PTMs may be helpful in understanding mechanisms in various neurodegenerative diseases through proteomic studies. This book will serve as a tool for those who want to begin work in the proteomics field and explore how to implement PTMs studies into their work. Chapter authors will describe different PTMs enrichment methods developed by experts in the field so that researchers may learn to apply these methods and techniques to new studies. Divided into three sections, chapters will cover sample preparation, data quality, enrichment techniques, guidelines on how to analyze PTMs, and explain the role of PTMs and different brain diseases. Among those topics includes will be brain cancer, SLA disease, Parkinsons disease, muscular dystrophies, and schizophrenia. This volume will be useful for researchers and students studying brain and neurodegenerative diseases who are interested in delving into work with proteomic studies and PTMs. 

Ein Mathe-Buch nach den Wünschen der Biologie? Der Inhalt des Buches richtet sich zunächst einmal nach der Modulbeschreibung des Fachbereichs Biologie der Universität Osnabrück:Prozentrechnung, Dreisatz, Mischungskreuz, Potenzrechnen, Logarithmisches Rechnen, Elementare Funktionen (Polynom-, Trigonometrie-, Exponential-, Logarithmus¿Funktionen), Di¿erenzial- und Integralrechnung, Vektorrechnung, Grundbegri¿e der Kombinatorik, Grundbegri¿e der Wahrscheinlichkeitsrechnung, Bedingte Wahrscheinlichkeiten, Grundbegri¿e der beschreibenden Statistik, Wahrscheinlichkeitsverteilungen, Normalverteilung, Grundlagen der schließenden Statistik.Das ist ehrlich und ambitioniert zugleich. Auf den Schulkenntnissen aufbauend wird hier dieser Stö von einem höheren Niveau aus betrachtet! Dennoch bleibt die Darstellung für jeden Studienanfänger verständlich, wobei auch die mehr als 20-jährige Erfahrung des Autors mit diesem Kurs eine Rolle spielen dürfte. Die Dauer dieses Moduls war auf ein Semester beschränkt.Weitere Themen, die häüg in mathematischen Vorlesungen behandelt werden, ¿nden sich im Anhang und mit Hilfe des ausführlichen Inhaltsverzeichnisses auch als Ergänzungen im regulären Text.Dadurch ist das Buch auch für Vorlesungen mit einer anderen Stöauswahl oder insgesamt für einen zweisemestrigen Grundkurs geeignet!

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Computational Methods in Systems Biology, CMSB 2022, held in Bucharest, Romania, in September 2022.The 13 full papers and 4 tool papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 43 submissions. CMSB focuses on modeling, simulation, analysis, design and control of biological systems. The papers are arranged thematically as follows: Chemical reaction networks; Boolean networks; continuous and hybrid models; machine learning; software.

This book explores the importance of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in biomedical research. As SNP technologies have evolved from labor intensive, expensive, time-consuming processes to relatively inexpensive methods, SNP discovery has exploded. In terms of human biology, this research, particularly since the completion of the Human Genome Project, has provided a detailed understanding of evolutionary forces that have generated SNPs. It also has shown how SNPs shape human variation. The ability to inexpensively generate and analyze vast amounts of genetic data is poised to transform our understanding of human evolution and biology. "e;Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms"e; covers a broad  survey of SNPs and their classification into synonymous and non-synonymous; the role of SNPs in human disease; case studies providing specific examples of synonymous and non-synonymous SNPs associated with human diseases or affecting therapeutic interventions; mechanisms by which synonymous mutations affect protein levels or protein folding which affect human physiology and response to therapy; and the role of SNPs in personalized medicine. Understanding what SNPs are, how they have been shaped is necessary for an increasingly expanding audience. This research will revolutionize the future of medicine. Chapter 4 is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com. SNPs Ability to Influence Disease Risk: Breaking the Silence on Synonymous Mutations in Cancer"e; is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.