Geovidenskab

"How scientists are unravelling one of the most tantalizing questions in paleontology. Our understanding of dinosaur behavior has long been hampered by the inevitable lack of evidence from animals that went extinct more than sixty-five million years ago and whose daily behaviors are rarely reflected by the fossil record. Today, with the discovery of new specimens and the development of new and cutting-edge techniques, paleontologists are making major advances in reconstructing how dinosaurs lived and acted. Uncovering Dinosaur Behavior provides an unparalleled look at this emerging field of science, presenting the latest findings on dinosaur behavior and explaining how researchers interpret the often minimal and even conflicting information available to them.David Hone begins by introducing readers to the fundamentals of dinosaur biology, diversity, and evolution, and goes on to describe behaviors across the whole range of species and groups, from feeding and communication to reproduction, sociality, and combat. Speculation about dinosaur behavior goes back to the earliest scientific studies of these "terrible lizards." Hone traces how frontier science is opening a window onto prehistoric life like never before, and discusses future directions of research in this thrilling and rapidly growing area of paleontology.Written by one of the world's leading dinosaur experts and featuring accurate color recreations by paleoartist Gabriel Ugueto along with a wealth of photos and diagrams, Uncovering Dinosaur Behavior is a foundational work on the subject and an invaluable reference for anyone interested in these amazing creatures"--

The Laguna de Santa Rosa, located in the Russian River watershed in Sonoma County, CA, is an expansive freshwater wetland complex that hosts a rich diversity of plant and wildlife species, many of which are federally or state listed as threatened, endangered, or species of special concern. The Laguna is also home to a thriving agricultural community that depends on the land for its livelihood. Over the past 200 years, modifications to the Laguna and its surrounding landscape have degraded habitat conditions for both wildlife and people. To help improve the Laguna ecosystem, the California Department of Fish and Wildlife and Sonoma Water funded the Laguna-Mark West Creek Watershed Master Restoration Planning Project. The overall goal of this report is to develop a plan that supports ecosystem services in the Laguna-through the restoration and enhancement of landscape processes that form and sustain habitats and improve water quality-while considering flood management issues and the productivity of agricultural lands. The first step in the Planning Project was developing a long-term Resilient Landscape Vision for the Laguna, which is detailed in this report. The Vision highlights opportunities for multi-benefit habitat restoration and land management within the Laguna's 100-year floodplain. This Vision will be used to build the Restoration Plan, which will provide restoration targets and restoration project concepts that can lead to longterm ecosystem improvement.

The book provides an overview of the Slow Onset Disasters (SLOD) in the urban built environment discussing potential strategies to assess and mitigate multiple climate change related risks. Climate change evidence has been reported in the last decades, suggesting that the anthropogenic activities are accelerating these changes towards a warmer and more polluted environment. In this context, SLODs have been linked to climate change related disasters and have been stated to have a higher impact risk within dense built environment (BE). Therefore, the book presents a description of the most relevant SLODs, their significance, and confluence, the way in which scientists and entities are monitoring their progression at different scales, a structured risk assessment strategy and the deconstruction of the BE characteristics that make it more prone to SLODs risk. In addition, it highlights the necessity of adapting the traditional risk assessment methods, to account for different vulnerabilitytypes, including the morphology and materiality of the BE, and the BE users¿ characteristics. In fact, individual features influence users¿ responses and tolerance to environmental stressors, because of age, health, gender, habits, and behaviour, thus impacting the users¿ vulnerability. Exposure can then amplify these issues, since it defines the number of users that can be effectively affected by the SLOD. Starting from this perspective, the book first traces literature-based correlations between individual features, use behaviour, and individual response to the SLOD-altered open spaces. Then, a novel methodology, to quantify the variations of users¿ vulnerability and exposure, is offered, to support designers in quickly defining input scenarios for risk assessment and mitigation. Lastly, it demonstrates, through a case study, the SLOD risk assessment framework proposed and the evaluation of the efficacy of risk mitigation strategies.

La geodesia è una disciplina appartenente alle scienze della Terra che si occupa della misurazione e rappresentazione della Terra, del suo campo gravitazionale e dei fenomeni geodinamici (spostamento dei poli, maree terrestri e movimenti della crosta). strumenti e modalità operative, sia di calcolo che di progettazione, necessari per ottenere una rappresentazione grafica più o meno dettagliata di una parte della superficie terrestre. La topografia ha carattere applicativo e trae le sue basi teoriche dalle scienze pure: matematica, geometria e fisica.

This contributed volume offers a wide variety of cases exploring how humanity can adapt to a changing climate. The volume features a wide variety of contributions from geographers, primarily in India but with plenty of global cases to provide a broad comparative perspective. A primary goal of this book is to bridge the gap from conceptual and data-driven analysis of climate change and adaptation to practical planning approaches and strategies. The book compiles contributions that address human well-being and environmental effects related to climate change, including analysis and modelling of ecosystem services, socio-ecological research and sustainable governance of ecosystems. Results reported in this book are conducive to a better understanding of the climate emergency, climate-related impacts and adaptation and mitigation strategies. The cases here also provide researchers with new examples of applications of vulnerability assessment methods. The volume offers insights regardingvulnerable areas in India, an exploration of how some regions have coped with these issues, and a discussion of the impacts that public policy has had on vulnerability in the regions studied. The focus on vulnerability will assist decision-makers in and outside India in targeting policies aimed at poverty reduction in agricultural communities as well. Though the cases here primarily focus on India, the methodologies presented here are transferable to many other parts of the world.

This book recognizes the fact that the vessels' intended operational profile may vary as some vessels are intended to operate with the assistance of an ice breaker and others are intended to operate independently. The guidance provided in this book is proposed to apply to all vessels that are designed, equipped and intended to operate in low-temperature environments. Special attention is given to those vessels operating for extended periods in the Arctic regions, as this presents specific and unique challenges for vessels and crew members. The application of the guidance in this book is optional. When a vessel is designed, equipped, built and surveyed in accordance with the relevant class rules, and when found satisfactory during class notation survey, a classification notation may be granted which demonstrates the vessel's compliance with the appropriate class requirements for vessels operating in low-temperature environments. Those vessels that are designed to meet the requirements of an ice class are typically required to meet specific class rules around ¿strengthening for navigation in ice¿ or other equivalent and recognized ice class rules. Accordingly, this book also provides guidance related to the requirements which address the duration of emergency electrical power. This extended emergency power duration is expressed in hours and may be appended to the base optional class notations. To provide as much context as possible, this book refers to the most relevant international regulations and standards that are considered to be applicable. It is recommended that readers of this book refer to the most recent text of those regulations and standards when seeking to apply the guidance set out herein, as it is the intent of the book to remain consistent with the pertinent international regulations and standards developed by the global maritime industry.

This book discusses resilient urban water resources management in the context of climate change and ongoing urbanization. Twelve cities worldwide representing different climates and growth stages serve as case studies. Using these case cities, this book first identifies the main water issues, including water demand, floods, and droughts, in relation to the historical development of each city, investigates current strategies for dealing with climate-related water hazards, and explores potential adaptive strategies. The authors draw some common lessons by comparing and contrasting these case studies while acknowledging place-based unique adaptation strategies.

The book explains the basic concepts of river water quality index, river environments, shifting of river courses, dams and barrages ¿ their merits and demerits, mutual interdependence of river and society etc. in the typical geomorphic set up of West Bengal. In India, West Bengal is a riverine state due to the towering Himalayas to the north and the Bay of Bengal to the south. In between the mountain and sea, due to the location of the Gangetic delta region and its stability with space and time, the rivers of this state are gradually dying. In addition to the stability of the delta, the river channel is being filled with sediments carried along the river course from upstream. The role of dams, barrages and reservoirs in the normal flow of rivers at different geographical locations deserves discussion which is included in the book. It is to be expected that the rivers of West Bengal can be an outstanding example of mutual interdependence of science and society, all of which are included in the book.The use of different physicochemical parameters adopted for the water quality index of different rivers described in this book will provide new directions in this regard. With discussions like water quality index, river environments, shifting of river courses, reservoirs, dams and barrages, and mutual interdependence of river and society, it is the intention that this book, River Systems of West Bengal - Water and Environments, will be useful for the research and higher studies in the river related field. This book will be of interest to students and researchers of riverine environments.

If you've never heard of geographic information systems (GIS), The Power of Where is the book for you, and if you think you know what GIS is, you might be surprised to learn how far it has advanced.From the Ring of Fire to the Fertile Crescent, this book shows through its maps and stories how a growing GIS community is facing down humanity's big challenges. Central to the book is the geographic approach--a way of solving problems that uses spatial location to perceive and understand patterns--from wildlife migration and rising seas to urban planning and food production. Its message arises from a deep human sense of place and conviction that this collaborative approach can help us confront climate change, hunger, water scarcity, inequity, biodiversity loss, and issues large and small in our everyday lives.Explore live examples from the book and learn more about interactive mapping and the tools of modern GIS at thepowerofwherebook.com.Jack Dangermond, the cofounder and president of Esri, is internationally acknowledged as the leading visionary in the field of GIS technology. For more than 50 years he has guided Esri's GIS mapping and analytic technologies worldwide.

"This textbook combines the theoretical principles of engineering hydrology with their practical applications. It is indispensable for advanced students in civil, environmental, and agricultural engineering and as a reference textbook for researchers and practicing engineers, bringing them up-todate with modern techniques in applied hydrology"--

Das vorliegende Lehrbuch bietet eine Einführung in die Physik der Atmosphäre, wie sie im Rahmen der Umweltphysik gelehrt wird. Zuerst wird dem Leser die Funktionsweise des Systems Atmosphäre verständlich gemacht. Dazu werden Themen wie Strahlungs- und Energiehaushalt, atmosphärische Dynamik, Zirkulationen, Niederschlagsbildung und der Wasserkreislauf behandelt.Zudem werden die umweltrelevanten Aspekte der Meteorologie und der Atmosphärenphysik herausgearbeitet. Hierzu dienen unter anderem eine ausführliche Darstellung von Diffusions- und Transportprozessen sowie zahlreiche Abschnitte über das Verhalten von Spurenstoffen, mit Schwerpunkt auf strahlungsrelevanten Spurengasen und Aerosolen. Eine Diskussion von Klima-Entwicklungen und deren Bewertung rundet den Inhalt ab und bietet damit einen umfassenden Überblick über das Thema. Änderungen gegenüber der 5. Auflage betreffen insbesondere die letzten 3 Kapitel. Einerseits wurde in den letzten 6 Jahren eine Vielzahl neuer Forschungsergebnisse verfügbar. Andererseits hat sich in diesem Zeitraum auch der Zustand unseres Planeten weiter dramatisch verändert. In der neuen Auflage werden hierzu die neuesten verfügbaren Messdaten und Studien berücksichtigt.Das Buch wendet sich ebenso an Studierende der Physik und der Geowissenschaften wie an Wissenschaftler(innen) und Lehrer(innen), die sich für ihre berufliche Arbeit eine Einführung in die atmosphärische Physik und in die Umweltmeteorologie wünschen. Ein umfangreiches Register ermöglicht das schnelle Auffinden eines Themas, die große Zahl von Quellen- und Literaturangaben erleichtert den Zugang zu weiteren Informationen.

Composting is experiencing a "second youth", and the number of plants, as well as the uses of compost, are increasing exponentially all over the world. This Special Issue is an example of the current leading research related to composting and compost and their key role in the circular bioeconomy. Aspects such as composting process control, organic waste biodegradability and associated impacts in the form of gaseous emissions are examples of this research.

Haben Sie sich jemals gefragt, wie Sie Ihren Freunden und Bekannten erklären können, worauf Sie sich in Ihrem naturwissenschaftlichen Fachgebiet spezialisiert haben? Und haben Sie versucht zu vermitteln, warum dieses Nischenthema unglaublich spannend ist und einen direkten Bezug zum täglichen Leben hat?Genau hier setzt dieses Buch an: Es lädt Sie ein, einen genaueren Blick auf unsere Umwelt zu werfen, ohne sich in technischen Details zu verlieren, sondern eher, um das zugrunde liegende Prinzip zu verstehen. Es bringt Ihnen die Welt der Paläo- und Gesteinsmagnetik näher, ganz gleich, ob sich Ihre Vorstellung von Geologie zwischen bewegenden Erdplatten, Dinosauriern und Steinen bewegt.Das Buch begleitet Sie auf einer unterhaltsamen Reise von den globalen Phänomenen des Erdmagnetfeldes bis hinunter auf die subatomare Ebene der Elektronenbewegungen in Mineralen. Es liefert Ihnen ausgewählte geologische Szenarien für dynamische geologische Prozesse unseres Erdsystems von der Entstehung von Gesteinen in ruhigen Seen bis hin zur Gebirgsbildung. Für das Verständnis sind keinerlei mathematische Formeln erforderlich, obwohl Begriffe wie Paramagnetismus, Ferromagnetismus, Koordinatentransformationen und Anisotropie erklärt werden müssen. Das Buch bedient sich anschaulicher Analogien aus dem Alltag, um komplexe Sachverhalte verständlich zu machen.Ein gelungener Einstieg in die faszinierende Welt der Paläo- und Gesteinsmagnetik in der Geologie für interessierte Laien, Hobby-Geolog*innen, Geowissenschaftler*innen und angrenzende Disziplinen.

A COMPLETE, UNCOMPLICATED GUIDE TO THE SCIENCE OF LIFE, THE UNIVERSE AND EVERYTHING 'Most scientists know only their own field. Tim Coulson is at home with science as an integrated whole. A pleasure to read, and a lasting accomplishment' Richard Dawkins 'Step aside Star Wars - ours is the most astonishing origin story you'll ever hear and its beautifully told by Tim Coulson' Professor Ken Norris, Deputy Director of Science at the Natural History Museum----Have you ever wondered why you exist?What had to happen for you - and all life on Earth - to come into being?What is the true answer to the ultimate question of life, the universe and everything?In The Universal History of Us, Tim Coulson - Professor of Zoology at Oxford - takes us back to the beginning of everything: the Big Bang 13.8 billion years ago. From there, he leads us step by step along the path to the most astonishing thing we have yet encountered - the staggering complexity of the modern human mind.Covering physics, astronomy, chemistry, geology, the emergence of life, evolution, consciousness and the rise of humankind, yet written to be understood by anyone with a child's curiosity, this book takes the biggest story of all and tells it simply, grippingly and, above all, entertainingly.It is the history of you, me and everything - of how we all came to be. In short, it is the greatest story ever told.----'A highly readable and super enjoyable book . . . that takes us on a free-spirited intellectual romp through every aspect of what we know about our universe' Peter Hudson FRS Willaman Professor of Biology at Penn State 'A charming, engaging and erudite account' David Christian, author of New York Times bestseller Origin Story (2018) 'A gangbuster science book. A can't-put-down read. I don't think I have learned more from a single book' Douglas W. Smith, Former Senior Wildlife Biologist, Yellowstone National Park 'Exceptional. A highly infectious read. From the first page I found it impossible to put down' Professor Baroness Kathy Willis, Professor of Biodiversity, University of Oxford 'Achieves something almost impossible, lucid explanation without dumbing down . . . can read this for fun and accidentally you will know as much general science as any Professor' James H Naismith FRS FRSE FMedSci MAE, Head of the Mathematical, Physical and Life Sciences Division at Oxford, Professor of Structural Biology 'With wit, wisdom and humility. The prose is of a perfect weight, and an absolute joy to read' Sunetra Gupta, Professor of Theoretical Epidemiology at the University of Oxford 'Will appeal to a broad variety of readers and inspire new generations of scientists for years to come' Quentin Paynter

This reprint, Application of Geophysical Data Interpretation in Geological and Mineral Potential Mapping, published by MDPI, is a compilation of scientific papers on new interpretation results in geological and mineral potential mapping using geophysical methods such as seismic, electrical resistivity, gravity and magnetic methods. It also provides some new methodologies for a variety of geophysical methods to aid geological methods with an emphasis on mineral exploration.

Our work can be considered as a contribution to the geotechnical and mineralogical study of the Oxfordian clays of the Frenda and Takhemaret regions (wilaya of Tiaret), which form part of north-western Algeria, given the lack of information and the fact that previous studies in this field and in this region are rare. Clays are of great economic importance, and are exploited as a raw material for brickworks (Frenda brickworks), the sectors exploited being those of Kef Lazreg (Frenda) and Oued el Abd (Takhemaret), The present study will focus first on field work, which involves taking samples, and then on laboratory work, where these samples will be subjected to X-ray diffractometry (XRD) analyses (mineralogical) and physico-chemical tests (geotechnical).This study could later be the starting point for other mineralogical and geotechnical characterization studies of the large clay formation of which ours is a part, which will undoubtedly help to classify the clays of this formation with a view to possible economic exploitation.

Unsere Arbeit kann als Beitrag zur geotechnischen und mineralogischen Untersuchung der oxfordischen Tone in den Regionen Frenda und Takhemaret (Wilaya Tiaret), die zum Nordwesten Algeriens gehören, angesehen werden, da es an Informationen mangelt und frühere Studien in diesem Bereich und in dieser Region selten sind. Tonerde ist von großer wirtschaftlicher Bedeutung und wird als Rohstoff für Ziegeleien (Ziegelei Frenda) abgebaut, wobei die Gebiete Kef Lazreg (Frenda) und Oued el Abd (Takhemaret) betroffen sind, Die vorliegende Studie umfasst zunächst eine Feldarbeit, bei der Proben entnommen werden, und anschließend eine Laborarbeit, bei der die Proben einer Röntgendiffraktometrie (DRX) (mineralogisch) und physikalisch-chemischen Tests (geotechnisch) unterzogen werden.Diese Studie kann später der Anfang für weitere Studien zur mineralogischen und geotechnischen Charakterisierung der großen Tonformation sein, zu der auch unsere Formation gehört, was zweifellos dazu beitragen wird, die Tone dieser Formation im Hinblick auf eine mögliche wirtschaftliche Nutzung zu klassifizieren.

Nasha rabota mozhet rassmatriwat'sq kak wklad w geotehnicheskoe i mineralogicheskoe izuchenie oxfordskih glin regionow Franda i Tahemaret (wilajq Tiaret), kotorye qwlqütsq chast'ü sewero-zapadnogo Alzhira, uchitywaq nedostatok informacii i to, chto predyduschie issledowaniq w ätoj oblasti i w ätom regione redki. Gliny imeüt bol'shoe äkonomicheskoe znachenie i ispol'zuütsq w kachestwe syr'q dlq kirpichnyh zawodow (kirpichnye zawody Frenda), w tom chisle w Kef Lazreg (Frenda) i Uäd äl' Abd (Tahemaret), Nastoqschee issledowanie budet poswqscheno, prezhde wsego, polewym rabotam, kotorye zaklüchaütsq w otbore obrazcow, a zatem laboratornym rabotam, w hode kotoryh äti obrazcy budut podwergnuty analizu s pomosch'ü rentgenowskoj difraktometrii (XRD) (mineralogicheskij analiz) i fiziko-himicheskim ispytaniqm (geotehnicheskij analiz).Jeto issledowanie mozhet stat' otprawnoj tochkoj dlq drugih issledowanij mineralogicheskih i geotehnicheskih harakteristik krupnoj glinistoj formacii, chast'ü kotoroj qwlqetsq nasha, chto, nesomnenno, pomozhet klassificirowat' gliny w ätoj formacii s cel'ü wozmozhnoj äkonomicheskoj äxpluatacii.