Matematik for ingeniører

This book collects a selection of papers presented at ELECTRIMACS 2021, the 14th international conference of the IMACS TC1 Committee, held in Nancy, France, on 16th-19th May 2022. The conference papers deal with modelling, simulation, analysis, control, power management, design optimization, identification and diagnostics in electrical power engineering. The main application fields include electric machines and electromagnetic devices, power electronics, transportation systems, smart grids, renewable energy systems, energy storage like batteries and supercapacitors, fuel cells, and wireless power transfer. The contributions included in Volume 1 will be particularly focused on electrical engineering simulation aspects and innovative applications.

This book aims to deliver a platform of scientific interaction between the three interwoven challenging areas of research and development of future ICT-enabled applications: software intensive systems, complex systems and intelligent systems.Software intensive systems are systems, which heavily interact with other systems, sensors, actuators, devices, other software systems and users. More and more domains are involved with software intensive systems, e.g., automotive, telecommunication systems, embedded systems in general, industrial automation systems and business applications. Moreover, the outcome of web services delivers a new platform for enabling software intensive systems.Complex systems research is focused on the overall understanding of systems rather than its components. Complex systems are very much characterized by the changing environments in which they act by their multiple internal and external interactions. They evolve and adapt through internal and external dynamic interactions. The development of intelligent systems and agents, which is each time more characterized by the use of ontologies and their logical foundations, builds a fruitful impulse for both software intensive systems and complex systems. Recent research in the field of intelligent systems, robotics, neuroscience, artificial intelligence and cognitive sciences are very important factor for the future development and innovation of software intensive and complex systems.

This book gathers selected high-quality full-text papers presented at the VI International Scientific and Practical Conference on Information Technology for Education, Science and Technics (ITEST 2022). The book deals with issues related to mathematical and computer modeling of physical, chemical, and economic processes, with information security, as well as the use of information and communication technology in scientific research, automation of technological processes, and management of complex systems. In this book, the authors explore various aspects of the development of information technology and systems and its application in education, science, engineering, economics, and management. A part of the book is devoted to the application of information and communication technology in higher education, in particular, the creation and implementation of scientific and educational resources in higher education institutions as part of the process of education digital transformation.

Although there is much literature on organisational learning, mathematical formalisation and computational simulation, there is no literature that uses mathematical modelling and simulation to represent and explore different facets of multilevel learning. This book provides an overview of recent work on mathematical formalisation and computational simulation of multilevel organisational learning by exploiting the possibilities of self-modeling network models to address it. This is the first book addressing mathematical formalisation and computational modeling of multilevel organisational learning in a systematic, principled manner. A self-modeling network modeling approach from AI and Network Science is used where in a reflective manner some of the network nodes (called self-model nodes) represent parts of the network¿s own network structure characteristics. This is supported by a dedicated software environment allowing to design and implement (higher-order) adaptive network models by specifying them in a conceptual manner at a high level of abstraction in a standard table format, without any need of algorithmic specification or programming. This modeling approach allows to model the development of knowledge in an organisational setting in a neatly structured manner at three different levels for the usage, adaptation and control, respectively, of the underlying mental models. Several examples of realistic cases of multilevel organisational learning are used to illustrate the approach. Crucial concepts such as the aggregation of mental models to form shared mental models out of individual mental models are addressed extensively. It is shown how to model context-sensitive control of organisational learning taking into account a wide variety of context factors, for example relating to levels of expertise of individuals or to leadership styles of managers involved. Mathematical equilibrium analysis of models of organisational learning is also addressed, among others allowing verification of correctness of the implemental models in comparison to their conceptual design. Chapters in this book also contribute to the Management and Business Sciences research by demonstrating how computational modeling can be used to capture complex management phenomena such as multilevel organizational learning. This book has a potential implication for practice by demonstrating how computational modeling can be used to capture learning scenarios, which then provide a basis for more informed managerial decisions.

This book describes a set of methods for finding more-for-less solutions of various kind of fuzzy transportation problems. Inspired by more-for-less approaches to the basic transportation problem initiated by Abraham Charnes and his collaborators during 1960s and 1970s, this book describes new methods developed by the authors to solve different types of problems, including symmetric balanced fuzzy transportation problems, symmetric intuitionistic fuzzy transportation problems with mixed constraints, and symmetric intuitionistic fuzzy linear fractional transportation problems with mixed constraints. It offers extensive details on their applications to some representative problems, and discusses some future research directions

The book consists of recent works on several axes either with a more theoretical nature or with a focus on applications, which will span a variety of up-to-date topics in the field of systems and control.The main market area of the contributions include:Advanced fault-tolerant control, control reconfiguration, health monitoring techniques for industrial systems, data-driven diagnosis methods, process supervision, diagnosis and control of discrete-event systems, maintenance and repair strategies, statistical methods for fault diagnosis, reliability and safety of industrial systems artificial intelligence methods for control and diagnosis, health-aware control design strategies, advanced control approaches, deep learning-based methods for control and diagnosis, reinforcement learning-based approaches for advanced control, diagnosis and prognosis techniques applied to industrial problems, Industry 4.0 as well as instrumentation and sensors. These works constitute advances in the aforementioned scientific fields and will be used by graduate as well as doctoral students along with established researchers to update themselves with the state of the art and recent advances in their respective fields. As the book includes several applicative studies with several multi-disciplinary contributions (deep learning, reinforcement learning, model-based/data-based control etc.), the book proves to be equally useful for the practitioners as well industrial professionals.

This book is a compilation of scientific articles written by recognized researchers, and select students, participating in the Second Conference on the Study of Complex Systems and their Applications (EDIESCA 2021). EDIESCA 2021 arose from the need for academic and research groups that carry out this scientific research to disseminate their results internationally. The study and characterization of systems with non-linear and/or chaotic behavior has been of great interest to researchers around the world, for which many important results have been obtained with various applications. The dynamic study of chaotic oscillators of different models, such as Rossler, Lorenz, and Chua, has generated important advances in understanding of chemical reactions, meteorological behavior, design of electronic devices, and other applications. Topics at the event included applications for communications systems by masking techniques, financial behavior, networks analysis, nonlinear lasers, numerical modeling, electronic design, and other interesting topics in the area of complex systems. Additionally, there are results on numerical simulation and electronic designs to generate complex dynamic behaviors.

This book contains reports made at the International Conference on Differential Equations, Mathematical Modeling and Computational Algorithms, held in Belgorod, Russia, in October 2021 and is devoted to various aspects of the theory of differential equations and their applications in various branches of science. Theoretical papers devoted to the qualitative analysis of emerging mathematical objects, theorems of the existence and uniqueness of solutions to the boundary value problems under study are presented, and numerical algorithms for their solution are described. Some issues of mathematical modeling are also covered; in particular, in problems of economics, computational aspects of the theory of differential equations and boundary value problems are studied. The articles are written by well-known experts and are interesting and useful to a wide audience: mathematicians, representatives of applied sciences and students and postgraduates of universities engaged in applied mathematics.

Modern complex multi-domain systems require increased efficiency, reliability, and availability combined with reduced cost. This book contains papers on mathematical modeling and simulation of processes in various areas: ecology and the environment, production and energy, information technology, samples of special-purpose equipment, and cyber-physical systems. The outcomes presented in the book are useful to specialists involved in the modeling and simulation of real-world system, management and decision-making models, production models, and software products. Scientists have the opportunity to familiarize themselves with the latest research in a variety of solutions proposed by leading scientists and to determine promising directions for solving complex scientific and practical tasks. Chapters of this book contain papers presented at the 17th MODS International Conference, November 14¿16, 2022, Chernihiv, Ukraine.

The study of vortex and wave flows is one of the traditional problems of fluid mechanics, the practical importance of which has grown significantly in recent years. Consideration of the processes of substance transfer in such complex systems as natural water bodies is fraught with many difficulties of a methodological and fundamental nature: the extreme complexity of conducting a full-scale experiment, the complexity and variability of hydrophysical fields of the ocean and hydrometeorological conditions during research, and also, in some cases, the complexity and the variability of the properties of the transferred substance. In this connection, it is of particular interest to study the transfer of markers in stationary vortex and wave flows, which can form in laboratory facilities with constant external conditions. In this case, it is possible to avoid problems associated with the spatial and temporal variability of natural sources of vortex formations and directly trace the dependence of the characteristic flow parameters or the characteristics of the movement of solid or other objects placed during. This book presents the results of experimental and theoretical studies of the dynamics and structure of multiphase vortex flows and the nature of the transfer of three types of markers: solid-state (ice, plastic), immiscible with water (oil, oil, diesel) and soluble (aniline dyes, uranyl). The results will be important, first of all, for a better understanding of the behavior of various impurities in the circulation flows and more accurate prediction of their distribution in natural conditions (in a stratified hydrosphere and atmosphere).

The book is designed to serve as a textbook for courses offered to graduate and upper-undergraduate students enrolled in mechanical engineering. The book attempts to make students with mathematical backgrounds comfortable with numerical methods. The book also serves as a handy reference for practicing engineers who are interested in applications. The book is written in an easy-to-understand manner, with the essence of each numerical method clearly stated. This makes it easy for professional engineers, students, and early career researchers to follow the material presented in the book. The structure of the book has been modeled accordingly. It is divided into four modules: i) solution of a system of equations and eigenvalues which includes linear equations, determining eigenvalues, and solution of nonlinear equations; ii) function approximations: interpolation, data fit, numerical differentiation, and numerical integration; iii) solution of ordinary differential equations¿initial valueproblems and boundary value problems; and iv) solution of partial differential equations¿parabolic, elliptic, and hyperbolic PDEs. Each section of the book includes exercises to reinforce the concepts, and problems have been added at the end of each chapter. Exercise problems may be solved by using computational tools such as scientific calculators, spreadsheet programs, and MATLAB codes. The detailed coverage and pedagogical tools make this an ideal textbook for students, early career researchers, and professionals.

This book reports on cutting-edge experimental and numerical findings related to the application of active bearings, including smart ones, in rotating machinery. It discusses their role in improving stability and control of rotor systems and reports in depth on the corresponding modeling and control approaches. Chapters are based on peer-reviewed contributions to the 1st Workshop on Active Bearings in Rotating Machinery (ABROM 2022), held on June 29- 30, 2022, in Athens, Greece, and organized in collaboration between the School of Mechanical Engineering of The National Technical University of Athens (NTUA) and the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering of Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT). In connection with the increasing digital transformation of machine elements, this book offers a timely perspective and extensive information on testing methods and experimental procedures involved in the development of intelligent rotors for industrial applications.

This book provides the reader with a modern and comprehensive overview of nuclear polarization theory. The understanding of polarization phenomena greatly enriches data obtained from scattering and nuclear reactions by providing information on the interaction that can change spin orientation as well as important verification data for the study of nuclear structures and reaction mechanisms. The author methodically derives the polarization theory of nuclear reactions for various types of elastic scattering and two-body direct reactions between particles of different spin and unpolarized target nuclei with arbitrary spin, as well as the reactions between two polarized light particles and the polarization theory for photon beams. In addition, the polarization theories of relativistic nuclear reactions are rigorously covered in great scope and detail. A chapter on polarized particle transport theory presents the Monte-Carlo method for describing the transport of polarized particles and formalizes the polarized particle transport equation. Here, the author also illustrates a novel and concrete scheme for establishing a polarization nuclear database.Nuclear polarization is important not only for microscopic nuclear structure and reaction studies but also for nuclear engineering, applied nuclear physics, and medical physics. With the development of radioactive beam facilities and, on the theoretical side, the development of consistent microscopic nuclear reaction and structure theories, this book on the polarization theory of nuclear reactions serves as a timely source of reference for students and researchers alike.

This edited book provides invited and reviewed contributions in mathematical, physical and experimental modelling and simulations in all fluid mechanics branches. Contributions explore the emerging and state-of-the-art tools in the field authored by well-established researchers to derive improved performance of modelling and simulations. Serving the multidisciplinary fluid mechanics community, this book aims to publish new research work that enhances the prediction and understanding of fluid mechanics and balances from academic theory to practical applications through modelling, numerical studies, algorithms and simulation. The book offers researchers, students and practitioners significant insights on modelling and simulations in fluid mechanics. It offers readers a range of academic contributions on fluid mechanics by researchers that have become leaders in their field. The research work presented in this book will add values to the existing literature in terms of what needs to be done better to direct modelling and simulations towards a growing and rapidly developing field.

This book presents recent improvements in peridynamic modeling of structures. It provides sufficient theory and numerical implementation helpful to both new and existing researchers in the field.  The main focus of the book is on the non-ordinary state-based (NOSB) peridynamics (PD) and its applications for performing finite deformation. It presents the framework for modeling high stretch polymers, viscoelastic materials, thermoelasticity, plasticity, and creep. It provides a systematic derivation for dimensionally reduced structures such as axisymmetric structures and beams. Also, it presents a novel approach to impose boundary conditions without suffering from displacement kinks near the boundary. Furthermore, it presents refinements to bond-based PD model by including rotation kinematics for modeling isotropic and composite materials. Moreover, it presents a PD - FEM coupling framework in ANSYS based on principle for virtual work. Lastly, it presents an application of neural networks in the peridynamic (PINN) framework. Sample codes are provided for readers to develop hands-on experience on peridynamic modeling.  Describes new developments in peridynamics and their applications in the presence of material and geometric nonlinearity; Describes an approach to seamlessly couple PD with FE; Introduces the use of the neural network in the PD framework to solve engineering problems;Provides theory and numerical examples for researchers and students to self-study and apply in their research (Codes are provided as supplementary material);Provides theoretical development and numerical examples suitable for graduate courses.

The developments in mesh generation are usually driven by the needs of new applications and/or novel algorithms. The last decade has seen a renewed interest in mesh generation and adaptation by the computational engineering community, due to the challenges introduced by complex industrial problems.Another common challenge is the need to handle complex geometries. Nowadays, it is becoming obvious that geometry should be persistent throughout the whole simulation process. Several methodologies that can carry the geometric information throughout the simulation stage are available, but due to the novelty of these methods, the generation of suitable meshes for these techniques is still the main obstacle for the industrial uptake of this technology.This book will cover different aspects of mesh generation and adaptation, with particular emphasis on cutting-edge mesh generation techniques for advanced discretisation methods and complex geometries.

The book presents recent applications and developments in the field of control of industrial systems, covering a wide range of modeling and feedback control using various robust approaches such as fuzzy systems, sliding mode control, and H-infinity. This book provides insights into theory, applications, and perspectives relevant to the field of robotic systems, exoskeletons, power systems, photovoltaic systems, etc., as well as general methodologies and paradigms around them. Each chapter provides an enriched understanding of a research topic along with a balanced treatment of the relevant theories, methods, or applications. It reports on the latest advances in the field. This book is a good reference for graduate students, researchers, educators, engineers, and scientists and contains a total of 15 chapters divided into five parts as follows. The first part of this book focuses on the application of fuzzy control to robotic systems and consists of threechapters. The second part of this book proposes the control of lower and upper limb exoskeletons and includes two chapters. The third part is dedicated to the control of power systems and comprises three chapters. The fourth part deals with various approaches to the modeling and control of industrial processes and comprises four chapters. The fifth and final part describes observers and fault-tolerant control systems and comprises five chapters.

This book stems from the growing use of learning-based techniques, such as reinforcement learning and adaptive control, in the control of autonomous and safety-critical systems. Safety is critical to many applications, such as autonomous driving, air traffic control, and robotics. As these learning-enabled technologies become more prevalent in the control of autonomous systems, it becomes increasingly important to ensure that such systems are safe. To address these challenges, the authors provide a self-contained treatment of learning-based control techniques with rigorous guarantees of stability and safety. This book contains recent results on provably correct control techniques from specifications that go beyond safety and stability, such as temporal logic formulas. The authors bring together control theory, optimization, machine learning, and formal methods and present worked-out examples and extensive simulation examples to complement the mathematical style of presentation. Prerequisites are minimal, and the underlying ideas are accessible to readers with only a brief background in control-theoretic ideas, such as Lyapunov stability theory.

This book presents generalized Caputo fractional Ostrowski and Grüss-type inequalities involving several Banach algebra valued functions. Furthermore, the author gives generalized Canavati fractional Ostrowski, Opial, Grüss, and Hilbert-Pachpatte-type inequalities for multiple Banach algebra valued functions. By applying the p-Schatten norms over the von Neumann¿Schatten classes, the author produces the analogous refined and interesting inequalities. The author provides many applications. This book¿s results are expected to find applications in many areas of pure and applied mathematics, especially in fractional inequalities and fractional differential equations. Other interesting applications are in applied sciences like geophysics, physics, chemistry, economics, and engineering. This book is appropriate for researchers, graduate students, practitioners, and seminars of the above disciplines, also to be in all science and engineering libraries.

This book presents experimental as well as simulation methodologies for analysis and development of nanostructures for introducing the desirable effects through modifications in the basic structure of select nanomaterials. The initial chapters in this book focus on exploring the basic aspects of nanomaterials, e.g., distinguishing features, synthesis, processing, characterization, simulation and application dimensions, or nanostructures that enable novel/enhanced properties or functions. The chapters also cover the size-dependent electronic, optical, and magnetic properties of nanomaterials in exposing the specific properties essential for applications in nanophotonics, nanoplasmonics, nanosystems (e.g., biological, medical, chemical, catalytic, energy, and environmental applications), and nanodevices (e.g., electronic, photonic, magnetic, imaging, diagnostic, and sensor applications). This book is a useful resource for students, researchers, and technologists in gathering recent knowledge on novel nanostructures and their use in different application areas.

This book presents the concept of Control Barrier Function (CBF), which captures the evolution of safety requirements during the execution of a system and can be used to enforce safety. Safety is formalized using an emerging state-of-the-art approach based on CBFs, and many illustrative examples from autonomous driving, traffic control, and robot control are provided. Safety is central to autonomous systems since they are intended to operate with minimal or no human supervision, and a single failure could result in catastrophic results. The authors discuss how safety can be guaranteed via both theoretical and application perspectives. This presented method is computationally efficient and can be easily implemented in real-time systems that require high-frequency reactive control. In addition, the CBF approach can easily deal with nonlinear models and complex constraints used in a wide spectrum of applications, including autonomous driving, robotics, and traffic control. Withthe proliferation of autonomous systems, such as self-driving cars, mobile robots, and unmanned air vehicles, safety plays a crucial role in ensuring their widespread adoption. This book considers the integration of safety guarantees into the operation of such systems including typical safety requirements that involve collision avoidance, technological system limitations, and bounds on real-time executions. Adaptive approaches for safety are also proposed for time-varying execution bounds and noisy dynamics.

This book is about the dynamics of neural systems and should be suitable for those with a background in mathematics, physics, or engineering who want to see how their knowledge and skill sets can be applied in a neurobiological context. No prior knowledge of neuroscience is assumed, nor is advanced understanding of all aspects of applied mathematics! Rather, models and methods are introduced in the context of a typical neural phenomenon and a narrative developed that will allow the reader to test their understanding by tackling a set of mathematical problems at the end of each chapter. The emphasis is on mathematical- as opposed to computational-neuroscience, though stresses calculation above theorem and proof. The book presents necessary mathematical material in a digestible and compact form when required for specific topics. The book has nine chapters, progressing from the cell to the tissue, and an extensive set of references. It includes Markov chain models for ions,differential equations for single neuron models, idealised phenomenological models, phase oscillator networks, spiking networks, and integro-differential equations for large scale brain activity, with delays and stochasticity thrown in for good measure. One common methodological element that arises throughout the book is the use of techniques from nonsmooth dynamical systems to form tractable models and make explicit progress in calculating solutions for rhythmic neural behaviour, synchrony, waves, patterns, and their stability. This book was written for those with an interest in applied mathematics seeking to expand their horizons to cover the dynamics of neural systems. It is suitable for a Masters level course or for postgraduate researchers starting in the field of mathematical neuroscience.

This unique book is at the nexus of modern software programming practices and electrochemical process engineering. It is the authoritative text on developing open source software for many applications, including:*             fuel cells;*             electrolyzers; and*             batteries.Written by experts in the field in the open source computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code suite OpenFOAM, this book is intended for process engineering professionals developing practical electrochemical designs for industry, as well as researchers focused on finding tomorrow's answers today. The book covers everything from micro-scale to cell-scale to stack-scale models, with numerous illustrations and programming examples. Starting from a clear explanation of electrochemical processes and simple illustrative examples, the book progresses in complexity through a range of diverse applications. After reading this book, the reader is able to take command and control of model development as an expert. The book is aimed at all engineers and scientists with basic knowledge of calculus and programming in C++.

This book covers advanced reliability and maintainability knowledge as applied to recent engineering problems. It highlights research in the fields of reliability measures of binary and complex engineering systems, cost analysis, simulations, optimizations, risk factors, and sensitivity analysis. The book scrutinizes various advanced tools and techniques, methodology, and concepts to solve the various engineering problems related to reliability and maintainability of the industrial system at minimum cost and maximum profit. It consists of 15 chapters and offers a platform to researchers, academicians, professionals and scientists to enhance their knowledge and understanding the concept of reliability in engineering.

This book includes contributions about mathematics, physics, philosophy of science, economics and finance and resulted from the Summer School "e;Complexity and Emergence: Ideas, Methods, with a Special Attention to Economics and Finance"e; held in Lake Como School of Advanced Studies, on 22-27 July 2018.The aim of the book is to provide useful instruments from the theory of complex systems, both on the theoretical level and the methodological ones, profiting from knowledge and insights from leading experts of different communities. It moves from the volume editors' conviction that to achieve progress in understanding socio-economical as well as ecological problems of our complex word such preparation is needed, together with a critical reconsideration of our basic scientific and economical approach.The potential readers are primarily master and doctorate students of mathematics, information sciences, theoretical physics and economics, as well as research workers in those areas, who want to enlarge their spectrum of knowledge towards the area of complexity and emergence. Since ideas and methods of the theory of complex systems also apply to other areas (from engineering and architecture to biology and medicine, e.g.), students and research workers from those areas will also profit from this book.

This book presents insights into the thermal performance of solar thermal collectors using both computational and experimental modeling. It consists of various computational and experimental case studies conducted by the authors on the solar thermal collector system. The authors begin by developing thermal modeling using a case study that shows the effect of different governing parameters. A few more experimental cases studies follow that highlight the energy, exergy, and environmental performance of the solar thermal collector system and to examine the performance of a modified solar collector system, illustrating performance improvement techniques.Finally, application of different evolutionary optimization techniques such as soft computing and evolutionary methods, like fuzzy techniques, MCDM methods like fuzzy logic based expert system (FLDS), Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Grey relational analysis (GRA), Entropy-Jaya algorithm, Entropy-VIKOR etc. are employed.