Instrumenter og instrumentering

This book reports on innovative research and developments in automation. Spanning a wide range of disciplines, including communication engineering, power engineering, control engineering, instrumentation, signal processing and cybersecurity, it focuses on methods and findings aimed at improving the control and monitoring of industrial and manufacturing processes as well as safety. Based on the 6th International Russian Automation Conference (RusAutoCon2023), held as a hybrid conference on September 10¿16, 2023, in/from Sochi, Russia, this book provides academics and professionals with a timely overview of and extensive information on the state of the art in the field of automation and control systems. It is also expected to foster new ideas and collaborations between groups in different countries.

The digitization of factories promises great potential benefits. The implementation of the various technologies for the smart factory is extremely complex, requires new competencies and necessitates significant investments. The question is: How can an industrial company successfully manage this transformation? For this purpose, more than 500 published use cases were screened. These could be categorized into 44 relevant use cases, which we describe in detail in the book. Our research has also shown that strategy and goal orientation must be at the core of the change. Furthermore, the combination of employee knowledge and use of technology is central to success. This led to the creation of our smart factory implementation approach. In various research and consulting projects we were able to apply this process and realize successful implementations in different companies. This 7-step process starts with the selection of promising use cases, followed by a prioritization step, adaptation to the company-specific context and a detailing of the information needs for the different management levels. Stringent project management helps the user achieve positive results that can then be rolled out on a global scale. This process is not only applicable to the "e;actual factory"e; but can also be used to design smart services for the factory of tomorrow. ContentSmart factory definition and characterization The smart factory navigator The smart factory framework Description of the 44 use cases for the smart factory Technology mapping in relation to the 44 use cases Smart factory implementation process Smart services for the smart factory

This book is an introduction to the wide and varied world of 3D printing-an incredible technology used across an ever-growing list of industries. As 3D printing continues to skyrocket in popularity, it's increasingly important to understand how these machines work and how to apply 3D printing technology to personal and professional interests. More important still, this book highlights how surprisingly easy 3D printers can be to use, even for readers who don't consider themselves particularly tech-savvy.This book provides a comprehensive overview of 3D printing for first-time users. The text introduces some of the most popular types of 3D printing technology available, as well as some of the most exciting and compelling applications across industry today. The content dives deeply into one of the most popular and widely accessible 3D print technology on the market: fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing. The reader will learn basic FDM 3D printer anatomy, software settings, as well as the tips and tricks to master your own FDM 3D printer. The book provides a firm understanding of what FDM 3D printing excels at, its current limitations, and how to troubleshoot and overcome some of the most common 3D printing problems. The book then provides some 'STEAM-building' cross-disciplinary challenges and applications for the reader to complete at home.This book is for novice readers who might be early in their 3D printing journey. For those looking to learn more about introductory 3D printing and curious about how to get started, this is an excellent place to start. By the end of the book, the reader should have all the understanding and tools necessary to start 3D printing with confidence.

Dynamic Environments Testing, Volume 7: Proceedings of the 41st IMAC, A Conference and Exposition on Structural Dynamics, 2023, the seventh volume of ten from the Conference brings together contributions to this important area of research and engineering. The collection presents early findings and case studies on fundamental and applied aspects Dynamic Environments Testing including papers on:Vibration Testing Shock TestingMulti-Axis Shaker Testing Test Fixture Design Dynamic Environment Definition Specifications for Acceptance Testing

Computer Vision & Laser Vibrometry, Volume 6: Proceedings of the 41st IMAC, A Conference and Exposition on Structural Dynamics, 2023, the sixth volume of ten from the Conference brings together contributions to this important area of research and engineering. The collection presents early findings and case studies on fundamental and applied aspects of Computer Vision, Laser Vibrometry and Structural Health Monitoring, including papers on:Novel TechniquesOptical Methods,Scanning LDV MethodsPhotogrammetry & DICStructural Health Monitoring

The book gives an overview about automation technology over the last 50 years, based on my own experiences. It is a good summery for automation since 1970 for all who want to know about the context of automation developments and their standards. It is a fundamental summery and enables the reader to get experience in the complex field of automation.In detail the question is arised, whether Industry 4.0, China 2025, IoT, AI are a revolution or more an evolution of timewise established availbale technologies in HW, SW and algorithms.  Is the hype about Industry 4.0 justified or not?In that context a timelline since 1970 ist shown for AI, ANN, essential milestones in automation, e.g OSI-model, automation pyramid, standards for bus systems,  main SW-languages, robots, AI, ANN, pattern recognittion, Ethernet, the 12 most important international field busses, their main features and characterisitcs, foundation of committees, harmonization and standardization efforts, OPC UA and cloud computing, field devices, PLCs, SCADA, MES, ERP  and automation history. All that history is seen in the context of u-controller, DSP (Digital signal processor), FPGAs (Field Programmable Gate Arrays), ASICs (Application-Specific Integrated Circuit) , Chip on Board. It is include the HW-history, from Intel 8080 to octuple multicore processors. In the same way it is shown the history of field device out from laboratory into the field with all difficulties and benefits of that transition. The issues are summerized in a pyramid of complexity. Requirements for robustness and safety are shown for field devices.  In the same way it is shown the development of mainframes, workstations and PC's. SAP a leading ERP System  is explained in mor detail. Specially it is figured out how SAP works and what has to be considered in working with such kind of system. The differences between MES- and ERP-systems are discussed, specially also for future combined SAP/MES systems. Explained are the problems of middlesized companies (SMEs) in dealing with Industry 4.0 and automation. Further examples are given and discussed for automized quality control in automotvie, PCB-handling, CIGS (Solar cell)-production. Also shown is the upgrade for older products and make them ready for automation standards. In detail the history oft he modern robotics is shown for the automotive industry. In summery also is figured out the Industry 5.0 which is just coming up more and more.       

This book contributes to the navigation algorithm development for an autonomous mobile orchard robot in a GNSS denied environment. In this book, an approach is provided for path planning in an orchard using an aerial view of the environment by creating Binary Occupancy Grid Maps. The path planning is further implemented by the Probabilistic Road Maps Method (PRM) over the developed Binary Occupancy Grid Maps. For robot¿s navigation, a navigation model is developed using kinematic equations of the robot. Further, the navigation module is used in conjunction with the path-planning module. The robot was tested successfully both in simulation as well as in the real environment.

This book reports on intelligent methods and solutions in engineering production and maintenance. It describes advanced tools for optimizing production processes, increasing their automation, safety and sustainability. Contributions cover different stages of the production process, such as product design, supply chain, and equipment maintenance and safety. This is one of the two volumes based on the 4th International Conference on Intelligent Systems in Production Engineering and Maintenance, ISPEM 2023, held on September 13-15, 2023, in Wroclaw, Poland.

In diesem Buch wird das Laser-Pulver-Auftragschweißen betrachtet, ein variabel einsetzbares generatives Fertigungsverfahren, das spezifische Vorteile in den Industriezweigen Beschichten, Reparieren und mittlerweile auch in der additiven Fertigung (3D-Druck) aufweist. Um das vollständige Potenzial als ressourcenschonende Technologie nutzen zu können, sind jedoch noch unterschiedliche Aufgabenstellungen entlang der Prozesskette zu optimieren. In der Anwendung lassen sich starke Abhängigkeiten zwischen der Bauteilgeometrie und dem Prozess beobachten, sodass nach heutigem Stand keine einheitliche Aufbaustrategie für beliebige Bauteile angewendet werden kann. Durch signifikante Unterschiede der thermischen Randbedingungen im Prozess und zwischen den Bauteilgeometrien wird oftmals eine variierende Prozessstabilität und damit auch Bauteilqualität beobachtet. Es ist somit stets eine iterative, meist experimentelle Prozessoptimierung notwendig. Diese erfordert Expertenwissen und geht mit hohenRessourcenkosten sowie langen Entwicklungszeiten einher. Folglich ist eine breite Industrialisierung dieses Verfahrens speziell für die additive Fertigung nach wie vor eingeschränkt. Um diesem Defizit entgegenzuwirken, wird in dem vorliegenden Buch eine temperaturadaptive Prozessauslegung vorgestellt. Auf Grundlage von empirisch ermittelten Daten und einer thermischen Simulation wird eine automatisierte Generierung einer angepassten Prozessstrategie für beliebige Bauteile ermöglicht.

This book reviews the advances in data gathering and processing in the biotech laboratory environment, and it sheds new lights on the various aspects that are necessary for the implementation of intelligent laboratory architecture and infrastructure. Smart technologies are increasingly dominating our everyday lives and have become an indispensable part of the industrial environment. The laboratory environment, which has long been rather conservative, has also set out to adapt smart technologies with regards to Industry 4.0 and the Internet of Things (IoT) for the laboratory. Due to the heterogeneity of the existing infrastructure and the often complex work processes, standardization is slow, e.g. to implement device interfaces or standardized driver protocols, which are urgently needed to generate standardized data streams that would be immanent for post-processing of data.Divided into 9 chapters, this book offers an authoritative overview of the diverse aspects in the generation and recording of uniform data sets in the laboratory, and in the processing of the data and enabling seamless processing towards machine learning and artificial intelligence. In the first part of the book, readers will find more about high throughout systems, automation, robotics, and the evolution of technology in the laboratory. The second part of the book is devoted to standardization in lab automation, in which readers will learn more about some regulatory aspects, the SiLA2 standards, the OPC LADS (Laboratory and Analytical Device Standard), and FAIR Data infrastructure

This book constitutes the proceedings of the BPM Forum held at the 21st International Conference on Business Process Management, BPM 2023, which took place in Utrecht, The Netherlands, in September 2023. The Blockchain Forum provided a platform for exploring and discussing innovative ideas on the intersection of BPM and blockchain technology. The RPA Forum focused on the use of the Robotic Process Automation (RPA) in the field of Business Process Management. The Educators Forum brought together educators within the BPM community for sharing resources to improve the practice of teaching BPM-related topics.The 18 full papers included in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from a total of 39 submissions.

This book reports on cutting-edge research and developments in manufacturing, giving a special emphasis to solutions fostering automation and sustainability. Topics cover manufacturing process optimization, remanufacturing, machines and mechanical design, CAD/CAM/CAE, materials characterization and processing, measurement and predictive maintenance techniques. Further topics include artificial intelligence and IoT in manufacturing, robotics, and cutting-edge issues in Industry 4.0/5.0. Based on proceedings of the 32nd edition of the International Conference on Flexible Automation and Intelligent Manufacturing, FAIM 2023, held on June 18 ¿ 22, 2023, in Porto, Portugal, this first volume of a 2-volume set provides academics and professionals with extensive, technical information on trends and technologies in manufacturing, yet it also discusses challenges and practice-oriented experience in all the above-mentioned areas.

This book offers a timely and comprehensive snapshot of research and developments in the fields of dynamic systems and control engineering. Covering a wide range of theoretical and practical issues, the contributions describes a number of different control approaches, such as PID control, adaptive control, nonlinear systems and control, intelligent monitoring and control based on fuzzy and neural systems, robust control systems, and real time control, among others. Sensors and actuators, measurement systems, renewable energy systems, aeronautic and aerospace systems as well as industrial control and automation, are also comprehensively covered. Based on the proceedings of the 15th APCA International Conference on Automatic Control and Soft Computing, held on July 6-8, 2022, in Caparica, Portugal, the book offers a timely and thoroughly survey of the latest research in the fields of dynamic systems and automatic control engineering, and a source of inspiration for researchers and professionals worldwide.  

This book presents select proceedings of the International Conference on Recent Advances in Mechanical Engineering Research and Development (ICRAMERD 21). It covers the latest research trends in various branches of mechanical engineering. The topics covered include materials engineering, industrial system engineering, manufacturing systems engineering, automotive engineering, thermal systems, smart composite materials, manufacturing processes, industrial automation, and energy system. The book will be a valuable reference for beginners, researchers, engineers, and industry professionals working in the various fields of mechanical engineering. 

Im Projekt wurde die Probenvorbereitung für verschiedenste Materialien durch Erarbeitung optimierter Probenvorbereitungsmethoden vereinheitlicht. Die Herangehensweise unter-scheidet sich in der Methodenentwicklung zwischen faserförmigen und nicht faserförmigen Partikeln. Zur Bearbeitung der Problemstellung wurde ein ganzheitlicher Lösungsansatz in Form aufeinander abgestimmter Teilprojekte gewählt. Hintergrund dafür ist insbesondere die selbstständige Untersuchung der unterschiedlichen Partikelarten und die anschließende Kreuzvalidierung der Ergebnisse beider Partner.Im Arbeitspaket 1 wurden Proben und Problemlösungen zu ungelösten Fragestellungen bzgl. der Probenvorbereitung und Auswertung faserförmiger Partikel zusammengetragen. Die Probensammlung hat mit Ende des einen großen Umfang erreicht. Die Projektpartner blieben allerdings weiter offen für von außen an sie herangetragene weitere Fragestellungen.Die Arbeiten zum Clustering der Anforderungsfälle (AP 2) wurden planmäßig Anfang 2021 begonnen. Zum Zweck des institutsübergreifenden Austauschs fanden zwei Projektworkshops im Juni 2021 sowie im Mai 2022 statt. Das AP wurde planmäßig abgeschlossen.Die Entwicklung der vereinheitlichten Vorschriften (AP3) folgt streng dem Schema, das sich aus dem Clustering ergibt. Nach Zuordnung einer Probe zu einer Materialgruppe müssen in dieser Reihenfolge die Fragen nach Homogenität und erforderlicher Probenmenge in einem vorgegebenen Rahmen beantwortet werden. Die sich daraus ergebende Art der Probenpräparation (direkt bzw. nach Vorpräparation) kann nun für die unterschiedlichen Fälle detailliert beschrieben werden. Darauf aufbauend wurden für die einzelnen Fallgruppen Scanparameter identifiziert, die für die jeweilige Fallgruppe wichtig sind (Vorgabe), oder überwiegend zu empfehlen sind (Empfehlung).Zum Abschluss des Projektes wurde das Referenzhandbuch fertiggestellt. Es ist seit Ende März 2023 bei BoD sowie über den regulären Buchhandel unter der ISBN 978-3-74317-283-8 in gedruckter Form erhältlich; das E-Book folgte Mitte April 2023 unter der ISBN 978-3-75786-870-3. Die Bearbeitung des Vorhabens entspricht den in den Arbeitspaketen geplanten Arbeitsaufgaben. Alle AP wurden planmäßig abgeschlossen.

Haben Sie sich schon einmal gefragt, warum das Loch in Ihrem Donut genau diesen Durchmesser hat? Oder warum ein Wasserglas in der Gaststätte keinen Füllstrich benötigt?Möchten Sie Ihr Herzblatt mit etwas Größerem als einer Magnum Flasche Sekt überraschen?Und erst recht - warum passt trotz richtiger Größenangabe in Inches Bekleidung aus China eigentlich nie?Möchten Sie Ihre Freunde mit dem Wissen beeindrucken, dass Wasser flüssig, fest und gasförmig sein kann - und zwar gleichzeitig?Diese und viele weitere Fragen beantwortet dieses Buch mit einem Augenzwinkern - Fun und Facts um Themen der Messtechnik.Versprochen: viele Dinge werden Sie im Alltag wiederentdecken!

This book provides a comprehensive overview of wireless technologies for industrial network systems. The authors first describe the concept of industrial network systems and their application to industrial automation. They then go on to cover the role of sensing and control in industrial network systems, and the challenge of sensing and control in the industrial wireless environment. Then, the existing techniques for resource efficiency information transmission are introduced and studied. Afterward, the authors introduce sensing and control-oriented transmission for industrial network systems, which take advantage of spatial diversity gain to overcome the interference and fading, which in turn improves the transmission reliability without expending extra spectrum resources and enlarging the transmission delay. Subsequently, edge assisted efficient transmission schemes are introduced, which integrate the capacities of communication, computing, and control to relieve the contradiction ofresource limitation and massive data. Finally, the authors discuss open research issues and future works about information transmission in industrial network systems.

This book explains the theory and application of the technologies used in sensors for the measurement of linear and angular/rotary position, providing information important to sensor design, and how they function. A chapter on sensor outputs and communication protocols is included and is applicable to all types of industrial sensors.

This book covers significant aspects in measurements with lasers and photonic instruments with widespread applications. The book offers coverage of the most proven instruments, with a balanced treatment of the optical and electronic aspects involved.

Highly luminescent quantum dots combined with magnetic nanoparticles or ions form an exciting class of new materials for bioimaging. The book explores leading research in the fabrication, characterization, properties, and application of magnetic quantum dots in bioimaging.