Instrumenter og instrumentering

Provides an overview of the application of sensors in a variety of intelligent systems and machines. It looks at their diverse applications and uses, their design and architecture, and optimization technologies. Chapters discuss new research in sensors in several fields, such as health care, education, smart homes, agriculture.

Energy-Efficient Electrical Systems for Buildings, Second Edition offers systematic and practical approaches to design and analyze electrical distribution and utilization systems in buildings. It considers safety and energy efficiency, focusing on sustainability and resiliency, to design electrical distribution systems for buildings.

Aircraft Performance: An Engineering Approach, Second Edition introduces flight performance analysis techniques of fixed-wing air vehicles, particularly heavier-than-air aircraft. It covers maximum speed, absolute ceiling, rate of climb, range, endurance, turn performance, and takeoff run.

Die Ursprünge von IoT gehen von Kevin Ashton zurück bis zu den RFID-Sensoren in den 70er Jahren. Industrie 4.0 basiert ebenfalls auf den Ideen von IoT mit dem wesentlichen Punkt der globalen Internetkommunikation: Wer IoT sagt, meint Industrie 4.0 und umgekehrt. IoT ist von Industrie 4.0 nicht mehr zu trennen. Die Geschichte und die Zusammenhänge von IoT und Industrie 4.0 werden auf anschauliche Weise anhand von Beispielen erklärt, angefangen vom Ethernet TCP/IP, über die generelle Automatisierungsstrategie bis hin zu den grundlegenden vertikalen und horizontalen Kommunikationsprotokollen, bei denen heute OPC UA und Cloud Computing eine tragende Rolle zukommt.Den kostenlosen Zugang zum Online-Kurs finden Sie direkt im Buch.

This book presents a novel design framework for the development of Digital Twin (DT) models for process- and motion-control applications. It is based on system-data acquisition using cutting-edge computing technologies, modelling of physical-system behavior through detailed simultaneous simulation of different aspects of the system, and optimal dynamic behavior-matching of the process. The design framework is enhanced with real-time data analytics to improve the performance of the DT¿s behavior-matching with the real system or physical twin.The methods of creating a DT detailed in Digital-Twin-Enabled Smart Control Engineering make possible the study of a system for real-time controller tuning and fault detection. They also facilitate life-cycle analysis for multiple critical and dangerous conditions that cannot be explored in the corresponding real system or physical twin. The authors show how a DT can be exploited to enable self-optimizing capabilitiesin feedback control systems.The DT framework and the control-performance assessment, fault diagnosis and prognosis, remaining-useful-life analysis, and self-optimizing control abilities it allows are validated with both process- and motion-control systems and their DTs. Supporting MATLAB-based material for a case study and an expanded introduction to the basic elements of DTs can be accessed on an associated website. This book helps university researchers from many areas of engineering to develop new tools for control design and reliability and life-cycle assessment and helps practicing engineers working with robotic, manufacturing and processing, and mechatronic systems to maintain and develop the mechanical tools they use.

This book comprises the select proceedings of the 3rd Biennial International Conference on Future Learning Aspects of Mechanical Engineering (FLAME) 2022. It aims to provide a comprehensive and broad-spectrum picture of state-of-the-art research and development in industrial and production engineering. Various topics covered include sustainable manufacturing processes, logistics & supply chains, Industry 4.0 practices, circular economy, lean six sigma, agile manufacturing, additive manufacturing, IoT and Big Data in manufacturing, 3D printing, simulation, manufacturing management and automation, surface roughness, multi-objective optimization and modelling for production processes, developments in casting, welding, machining, and machine tools and many more advancements in industrial and production engineering. This volume will prove a valuable resource for those in academia and industry working in the area of industrial and production engineering.

The fifth edition of this textbook has been completely revised and significantly extended in order to reflect the revolution of geodetic technologies, methods and applications during the last decade. The Global Geodetic Observing System established by the IAG utilizes a variety of techniques to determine the geometric shape of the earth and its kinematics, the variations of earth rotation, and the earth's gravity field. The societal importance of geodetic products was highlighted by the UN resolution on the Global Geodetic Reference Frame. In this context, both space and terrestrial techniques play a fundamental role. Recent space missions are monitoring climate-relevant processes such as mass transport in the Earth system and sea level changes. The analysis of the time variation of the geodetic products provides the link to neighboring geosciences and contributes to proper modelling of geodynamic processes. New satellite mission concepts and novel technologies such as quantum gravimetry and optical clocks show great potential to further improve the geodetic observing system in the future. The book especially addresses graduate students in the fields of geodesy, geophysics, surveying engineering, geomatics, and space navigation. It should also serve as a reference for geoscientists and engineers facing geodetic problems in their professional work. The book follows the principal directions of geodesy, providing the theoretical background as well as the principles of measurement and evaluation methods, which is enriched with numerous figures. An extensive reference list supports further studies.

This book introduces how to improve the accuracy and robustness of model predictive control. Firstly, the disturbance observation- and compensation-based method is developed. Secondly, direct parameter identification methods are developed. Thirdly, the seldom-focused-on issues such as sampling and delay problems are solved in this book. Overall, this book solves the problems in a systematic and innovative way.Chapter 2 is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com

This book is intended to provide concentrated information on the subject of torque wrenches. Torque wrenches have undergone a rapid development from simple tools to precise measuring tools. This is due to advanced mechanization, ever-improving manufacturing methods and optimization processes. While it was still possible to repair a motor vehicle with a set of wrenches in the 1970s, such an "intervention" today would be a blatant safety risk and probably also the technical end of an engine, for example. Torque wrenches have also become indispensable in the medical field. Dental implants, for example, are precisely placed and fastened with the smallest torques.Unfortunately, it can be observed that the landscape of standards and regulations - thought out and developed by experts - is often not, or only slightly, transported to the people who are supposed to implement the normative specifications. This book is intended as an introduction to the subject of torque wrenches, providing the user with basic knowledge and serving as a reference work and list of references and a usefull helper for torque wrench calibration issues.

With rapid technological developments and lifestyle advancements, electronic sensors are being seamlessly integrated into many devices. This comprehensive handbook explores current, state-of-the-art developments in flexible and wearable sensor technology and its future challenges.Numerous recent efforts have improved the sensing capability and functionality of flexible and wearable sensors. However, there are still many challenges in making them super-smart by incorporating features such as self-power, self-healing, and multifunctionality. These features can be developed with the use of multifunctional nanostructured materials, unique architectural designs, and other advanced technologies. This book provides details about the recent advancements, materials, and technologies used for flexible and wearable sensors. Its wide range of topics addresses the fundamentals of flexible and wearable sensors, their working principles, and their advanced applications.This handbook provides new directions to scientists, researchers, and students to better understand the principles, technologies, and applications of sensors in healthcare, energy, and the environment.

This book presents the progress, changes, and evolvement for apple mechanical harvest during the past decades, which include, but not limited to, bulky harvest method, harvest platform, apple infield sorting, and harvest robotics. Though there are significant progresses in apple harvest robotics, there still is a long way ahead before its practical applications, with existing and potential bottlenecks described in this book. Hence, other researchers would take advantage of this book to have a hint of the apple mechanical harvest history and state-of-the-art progress, so that they can find the room for their new research. This book targets senior undergraduates and more importantly graduate students in the field of agricultural engineering, sensing, automatic, and robotics.

This book reviews emerging nanomaterials in catalysis and sensors. The catalysis section covers the role of nano-photocatalysts in organic synthesis and health care application, oxidation and sulphoxidation reactions, liquid phase oxidation, hydrogen evolution and environmental remediation. It highlights the correlation of surface properties and catalytic activity of the mesoporous materials. The sensor section discusses the fabrication and development of various electrochemical, chemical, and biosensors.Features:Combines catalysis and sensor applications of nanomaterials, including detailed synthesis techniques of these materials.Explores methods of designing, engineering, and fabricating nanomaterials.Covers material efficiency, their detection limit for sensing different analytes and other properties of the materials.Discusses sustainability of nano materials in the industrial sector.Includes case studies to address the challenges faced by research and development sectors.This book is aimed at researchers and graduate students in Chemical Engineering, Nanochemistry, Water Treatment Engineering and Labs, Industries, Research Labs in Catalysis and Sensors, Environmental Engineering, and Process Engineering.

This book reports on cutting-edge research and developments focusing on  integrating intelligent functionalities into materials, components, systems and products. Gathering the proceedings of the 6th International Conference on System-Integrated Intelligence (SysInt 2022), held on September 7-9, in Genova, Italy, it offers a comprehensive, multidisciplinary and applied perspective on the state-of-the art and challenges in the field of intelligent, flexible and connected systems. The book covers advanced methods and applications relating to artificial, pervasive and ubiquitous intelligence, sensors, smart factory and logistics, structural health monitoring, as well as soft robotics, cognitive systems and human-machine interaction. Giving a special focus to artificial intelligence, it  extensively reports on methods and algorithms for data-driven modeling, and agent-based data processing and planning. It aims at inspiring and fostering collaboration between researchers and professionals from the different fields of  electrical, manufacturing and production engineering, and materials and computer sciences. 

This book comprehensively covers smart technologies and their applications that will help during emergency situations in a single volume. It is an ideal text for graduate students, and academic researchers working in diverse engineering fields of electrical, biomedical, electronics and communication, and computer.

Conventional Flowmeters covers the origin, principle of operation, development, advantages and disadvantages, applications, and frontiers of research for conventional technology flowmeters: differential pressure and primary elements, positive displacement, turbine, open channel, and variable area.

This book covers the uses, fundamental concepts, and basic operation of EIT from the perspective of tactile sensor applications, making it a helpful text for students and newcomers to the field.

Electric miniature drives are now present in a wide range of applications. In addition to classic mains-operated kitchen appliances, a wide variety of battery-operated devices with built-in electric motors are used in a domestic setting, from robotic vacuum cleaners through motor-operated heating valves to milk frothers. Electric miniature drives are somewhat less visible in daily use in optical devices, in laboratory automation or in special machinery construction.For electronics developers, the challenge is to keep an eye on the components of the power electronics, microcontroller and sensor technology that come together in the controlled electrical drive in a very small space from the point of view of Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) and to find marketable compromises.First, the book gives a brief overview of the development of the EMC topic and the current generalboundary conditions for bringing electric drives onto the market. After this, the effects, coupling paths and test methods for both the emitted interference and the interference immunity are presented. The sources of the different disturbances originating from a motor controller are named and linked to their effects. On this basis, the common EMC measures are then discussed step by step, and their effectiveness verified by means of the measurement result.This book is therefore aimed at users and supports them in setting up their end device in an EMC-compliant manner with a controlled miniature drive as a component. In addition, electronics developers learn the necessary basic measures to take EMC into account already in the development of motor controllers for miniature drives. If this is taken into account, such development projects can be successfully realised in an EMC-safe manner.About the content:. Challenge of EMC: Interference sources in electric drives, frequency components, from radio interference suppression to EMC. CE certification: EU directives for the operation of electric miniature drives. Interference emissions of devices: Conducted interference, coupling paths for electromagnetic interference, measurement methods and typical measurement results. Interference signals in controlled devices: Interference behaviour of a DC/DC converter, interference behaviour of a motor controller. Limiting interference emissions: Propagation paths, grounding and shielding, cable routing, filter and test results. Interference immunity of devices: Acceptance criteria, effects, measures. EMC measures for miniature drives: Integrated motor controllers, externally mounted motor controller, encoders. Additional measures to increase robustness: Coding, complementary signals (linedrivers), robustness of different interfaces

The book describes the origin, principle of operation, development, advantages and disadvantages, applications, and frontiers of research for new-technology flowmeters: Coriolis, magnetic, ultrasonic, vortex, and thermal. It focuses on the newer, faster growing flowmeter markets, while placing them in the context of more traditional meters.

This book covers the whole range of gas sensing aspects starting from basics, synthesis, processing, characterization, and application developments. All sub-topics within the domain of gas sensors such as active materials, novel nanomaterials, working mechanisms, fabrication techniques, computational approach, and development of microsensors, and latest advancements such as the Internet of Things (IoT) in gas sensors, and nanogenerators, are explained as well. Related manufacturing sections and proposed direction of future research are also reviewed.Features:Covers detailed state-of-the-art specific chemiresistive sensing materials.Presents novel nanomaterial platforms and concepts for resistive gas sensing.Reviews pertinent aspects of smart sensors and IoT sensing.Explains nanotechnology-enabled experimental findings, and future directions of smart gas sensing technology.Explores implication of latest advancements such as IoT in gas sensors, and nanogenerators.This book is aimed at academic researchers and professionals in sensors and actuators, nanotechnology, and materials science.

This book introduces the reader to the concepts and instrumentation that emerge in an experimental approach to the photoemission process. The basic elements implemented for the technique are discussed and the geometry of the instrumentation is explained. This book covers each of the features that have been observed in the X-ray photoemission spectra and provides the tools necessary for their understanding and correct identification. Charging effects are covered in the penultimate chapter with the final chapter bringing closure to the basic uses of the X-ray photoemission process, as well as guiding the reader through some of the most popular applications used in current research.