Nanoteknologi

La purification des huiles de vidange est un processus essentiel pour préserver l'environnement et optimiser l'utilisation des ressources. Les huiles de vidange, provenant des moteurs de véhicules et des équipements industriels, contiennent des contaminants nocifs tels que des métaux lourds, des impuretés et des produits chimiques dangereux.Le résumé de la purification des huiles de vidange met en évidence les avancées significatives réalisées dans ce domaine. Des technologies innovantes et des méthodes de traitement efficaces ont été développées pour récupérer et purifier ces huiles usagées, leur permettant d'être réutilisées.Les techniques de purification des huiles de vidange comprennent la filtration, la centrifugation, la distillation, le traitement par l¿acide sulfurique, le lavage avec de l¿eau distillée chaude et la décoloration/désodorisation par argile. Chacune de ces méthodes vise à éliminer les contaminants et à restaurer la qualité des huiles, tout en minimisant les impacts environnementaux.

This book reports five wild Ceylon cinnamon species from Sri Lankan forest reserves and the essential oil compositions of leaf, stem bark and root bark of the species. These wild cinnamon plants were collected by exploring four Sri Lankan forest reserves namely, Singharaja, Kanneliya, Ritigala and Nilgala. This is the first ever systematic exploration of Sri Lankan forest reserves for aromatic plants and their aroma chemicals.

The book systematically accounts for the scientific and technological problems of nanostructured silicon in the form of porous and black silicon. Nanostructured silicon is currently a pioneer research topic worldwide due to its enormous potential applications for modern electronic devices, such as sensitive photodetectors, solar cells, biochemical sensors, hydrogen generators, and display devices. The main structural modifications of this nanomaterial are porous and black silicon. Porous silicon addresses crystalline silicon with nanopores and black silicon with nanoneedles. Historically, porous silicon is thought to be a kind of precursor to black silicon. The formation, research, and application of nanostructured silicon remains the main cornerstone of nanotechnologies, and this book is useful for a wide range of researchers in the fields of semiconductor physics, micro-, and nanoelectronics. The author outlines the prospect of black silicon fabrication and its various applications. As for porous silicon, the book contains a detailed analysis of this material as a precursor of black silicon. This allows it to be possible to carry out correlations between two structural modifications of nanostructured silicon to clearly and reasonably show their advantages and disadvantages. With many references to a vast resource of recently published literature, this book serves as an important and insightful source of valuable information and provides scientists and engineers with new ideas to better understand the formation processes of nanostructured silicon as well as improve and expand their properties.

This book discusses the applications of nanotechnology in clinical microbiology, food microbiology, and green solutions of nanoparticles using microorganisms for a range of benefits. It describes nanotechnology¿s rapid progress in the development of materials used in industry, medicine, drug delivery, and dentistry. The authors further explore how microbiology and nanotechnology separately have proven to be effective for human health solutions keeping an ecological and environmental balance. Domains covered include environmental microbiology, medical microbiology, food microbiology (to control food spoilage), biosynthesis of nanomaterials using microorganisms, water microbiology, nanofluidic devices for isolation and analysis of individual biomolecules such as DNA that can lead to a new detection scheme for cancer, and various fields such as pharmacy, clinical research, agriculture etc. This book will be essential reading to a wide range of scholars and researchers interestedin microbiology along with nanotechnology applications for efficient solutions to cancer detection, biosensors, vaccines research, agriculture, wastewater management etc.

This book presents 60 selected peer-reviewed contributions from the international conference Physics and Mechanics of New Materials and Their Applications, PHENMA 2023 (3-8 October, 2023, Surabaya, Indonesia), focusing on processing techniques, physics, mechanics, and applications of advanced materials. The book describes a broad spectrum of promising nanostructures, crystal structures, materials, and composites with unique properties. It presents nanotechnological design approaches, environmental-friendly processing techniques, and physicochemical as well as mechanical studies of advanced materials. The selected contributions describe recent progress in energy harvesting and piezoelectric materials optimization, electromagnetoelastic actuators for nanotechnology research, impedance spectroscopy and study of ceramic materials, catalyst synthesis and control of morphological characteristics, synthesis and study of electrocatalysts for fuel cells. The presented results are important forongoing efforts concerning the theory, modelling, and testing of advanced materials. Other results are devoted to the analysis of technogenic raw materials and different material applications in science, technique and industry.

This book covers various subtopics of catalyst research. It provides essential background material on key concepts in catalyst technologies, along with recent developments in synthesis methods. The book delves into diverse areas such as photocatalysis, electrocatalysis, biocatalysis, and heterogeneous catalysis, offering a detailed exploration of their respective advancements, advantages, disadvantages, and applications in different catalytic reactions. It also presents fundamental ideas and overviews of noble-metal-free bifunctional electrocatalysts for overall water splitting in alkaline medium, catalytic nitrite reduction, and the utilization of catalysts supported on various materials like CeO2, Nb2O5, ZrO2, TiO2, ¿-Al2O3, SiO2, and ZSM-5 for the removal of high concentrations of nitrite in water. Moreover, the book provides insights into topics such as polyphenol oxidase mimics as catalysts, ferrites nanoparticles/graphene oxide nanoparticles and their composites as enzyme mimics and photocatalysts, electrochemical approaches with basic concepts and materials for hydrogen technologies, as well as recent advances and applications of modified-semiconductor photocatalysts in pollutant degradation. For scientists and researchers, the book offers a wealth of recent experimental and computational results, along with in-depth discussions. Some of the specific areas covered include sphalerite ZnS nanoparticles (NPs) synthesized via solvothermal method, incorporating various ruthenium (Ru) concentrations. Additionally, the book explores the modification of TiO2 as SO4/TiO2 acid and CaO/TiO2 base catalysts, and their applications in converting waste frying oil into biodiesel.

This book highlights the photogalvanic effects at low dimensions, surfaces, and interfaces, more specifically 2D materials, such as graphene and monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides. Although the phenomenology of the photogalvanic effects, which can be simply seen as photoresponse nonlinear-in-electric field, have been well-established, the microscopic understanding in each material system may vary. This book is a quick reference and a detailed roadmap starting from phenomenology and continuing with the ultimate low dimensional materials, in which the photogalvanic effects can offer a rich platform at the second-order response to an electric field. A general phenomenology of photogalvanic effect is provided in the first chapter, together with the photon drag effect which also generates a photocurrent like the photogalvanic effect, but with some distinct features, as well as somewhat puzzling similarities. Next two chapters explain these effects in graphene, starting with a necessary related background on graphene, then a particular focus on its specific phenomenology, microscopic theory, and experimental results. In a similar fashion, in chapters four and five, a necessary background for the photogalvanic effects in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides, with symmetry analysis, microscopic theory, and experimental results is presented, along with the Berry curvature dependent photocurrent, which can also play an important role in 2D semiconductors. The second-order photogalvanic effects that have been covered so far in graphene and monolayer transition metal chalcogenides have already excited the 2D semiconductor optoelectronic research community by several means. It seems that the interests on the photogalvanic effects will continue to escalate in near future.

This book provides comprehensive coverage of the development of new pharmaceuticals and the enhancement of existing ones. It offers a comprehensive understanding of pharmaceutical biotechnology, including its underlying principles and practical applications from an industrial standpoint. While introducing the roles and applications of biotechnology in drug design and development, the book describes how developments in other fields, like genomics, proteomics, and high-throughput screening, have facilitated the discovery of novel therapeutic targets and drug development methods. It included concepts that are essential to biotechnology and apply to protein therapies.The book provides a thorough overview of the ways in which biotechnology influences drug development, production, and regulation, and is a valuable resource for those seeking to enhance their understanding in this area. This book is designed to support educators in their teaching efforts and offers a reader-friendly exploration of the various stages involved in developing new pharmaceuticals through biotechnology. This book is a valuable resource for individuals in various academic and professional careers, including undergraduates, graduates, pharmaceutical scientists, clinicians, and academic researchers. It provides convenient access to current practices in pharmaceutical biotechnology, making it particularly useful for those working in the interdisciplinary field of biochemistry, pharmacology, biopharmaceutics, and biotechnology. This book's concise and impartial content structure may also benefit corporate researchers.

This book provides new insight and a better understanding of nanotechnology in mitigating crop biotic stresses.It covers crop diseases and different nano-based management strategies used to manage pathogens and plant-parasitic nematodes damaging crops. Nanoparticles have the potential to revolutionize crop yield and can control plant biotic stress. Nanotechnology in plant pathology is a new frontier among various nanotechnological applications. Nanotechnology applications include the development of nano-based pesticides and nanoformulations of chemicals for crop improvement by reducing biotic stress. Different nanomaterials like ZnONPs, SiO2NPs, CuONPs, AgNPs, and TiO2NPs have been examined for their impacts on plant growth and biotic stress management. This book deals with the advanced use of nanotechnology in managing the biotic stress of crops and improving crop production. It covers these issues and many more. Each chapter focus on one particular topic. Incorporate chapters provide detailed information on nanotechnology and may help in future research. This book will be useful for researchers, professors, and postgraduate and undergraduate students, especially concerning agriculture and plant pathology.

This book comprehensively covers various aspects of biobased nanomaterials, including their types, fabrication methods, characterization techniques, and applications in different fields. The book starts with an introduction to biobased nanomaterials, highlighting their significance in various fields due to their unique properties. The first few chapters cover the different types of biobased nanomaterials, their properties, and how they are extracted from various natural sources. The methods of fabrication of biobased nanomaterials are discussed in detail, including the techniques for controlling their size, shape, and composition. It then delves into the characterization of biobased nanomaterials, discussing the different techniques used to determine their properties, including their morphology, size, structure, and composition. The subsequent chapters explore the various applications of biobased nanomaterials in different fields such as environmental applications, wound healing, tissue engineering, food industry, agriculture, sensing technology, biomedical applications, and energy storage devices. The advantages of biobased nanomaterials over traditional nanomaterials are highlighted, including their biodegradability and sustainability. The environmental concerns associated with biobased nanomaterials, as well as the health and safety concerns, are also discussed. The book concludes by looking at the prospects of biobased nanomaterials and how they can contribute to sustainable development. Overall, the book is an informative and comprehensive book that provides a thorough understanding of biobased nanomaterials and their various applications. It is a valuable resource for researchers, students, and professionals in various fields such as materials science, chemistry, biology, and environmental science. alike.

This volume provides comprehensive dry and wet experiments, methods, and applications on nanopore sequencing. Chapters guide readers through bioinformatic procedures, genome sequencing, analysis of repetitive regions, structural variations, rapid and on-site microbial identification, epidemiology, and transcriptome analysis. Written in the format of the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, each chapter includes an introduction to the topic, lists necessary materials and methods, includes tips on troubleshooting and known pitfalls, and step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Nanopore Sequencing: Methods and Protocols aims to be comprehensive guide for researchers.

¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿ ¿¿¿¿¿¿ ¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿ ¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿ ¿¿¿ ¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿. ¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿, ¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿ ¿¿¿¿¿¿¿ ¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿ ¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿ ¿¿¿¿¿¿ ¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿ ¿¿¿¿¿¿ ¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿. ¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿, ¿¿¿¿¿¿ ¿¿ ¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿ ¿¿¿¿ ¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿ ¿¿¿¿¿¿ ¿¿¿ ¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿ ¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿ ¿¿¿¿ ¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿.¿¿¿¿ ¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿ ¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿ ¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿ ¿¿ ¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿ ¿¿¿¿¿. ¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿ ¿¿¿ ¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿:¿ ¿¿¿¿¿¿ ¿¿¿¿ ¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿: ¿¿¿¿¿¿ ¿¿¿¿¿¿ ¿¿¿¿ ¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿ ¿¿¿¿¿¿ ¿¿¿¿ ¿¿¿¿ ¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿ ¿¿¿ ¿¿¿¿¿¿¿ ¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿. Global Water Scarcity: Challenges and Consequences Introduction Water is an essential resource for life. Humans, animals, and plants all depend on water for their survival. However, water scarcity is becoming a major problem in many parts of the world. Causes of Water Scarcity There are many causes of water scarcity. Some of the most common causes include: Population growth: The increasing world population is a major driver of increasing water demand.Climate change: Climate change is causing more extreme weather events, such as droughts and floods, which can disrupt water supplies.Pollution: Water pollution can make water unsafe to drink or use for other purposes.Inefficient water use: Inefficient water use, such as leaks in pipes, can waste water.

This book gives a complete overview of current developments in the nano drug delivery technology in the management of neurological disorders and brain diseases. The book is divided into three main sub-sections: A) Fundamental study on nanomaterials, nanocarriers, and nanoformulation-based drug delivery in neurological diseases management, B) Nano drug delivery therapy - a novel approach towards common neurological disorders and C) Novel nano delivery strategies in targeted neurological diseases management. This collective work presents diverse nano-based drug delivery technologies that are high-throughput, reliable, pioneering, and applicable to researchers of different countries despite their socio-economic conditions. It hopefully encourages researchers, innovators and policymaker to adapt nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles technologies using diverse nano-based formulation techniques as targeted therapy for treating and managing neurological disorders.

"Electrical Machines - I Laboratory Manual" has been developed for undergraduate students in Electrical Engineering, Electrical and Electronics Engineering, and related engineering programs in India. This manual comprehensively covers a range of machines, including static machines (transformers) and rotating machines (DC machines), addressing fundamental concepts and testing methods. The latest revision aligns with curriculum updates. The manual includes exercises on the characteristics of Electrical Machines, focusing on teaching the performance attributes of Transformers and DC Machines. It serves as a detailed record of experiment-related work. The record is designed to be thorough enough for individuals with a similar technical background to replicate the experiment and data by following the laboratory notebook. The authors express gratitude to all department staff members for their valuable suggestions and contributions. Dr. N. ShanmugasundaramDr. K. SushitaDr. S. Vijayaraj

This book offers new insights into the process of adjusting nanostructures in high-strength steels to achieve enhanced mechanical properties. It summarizes the state-of-the-art nanoengineering approaches, such as precipitation engineering, interface engineering, and short-range ordering engineering. The book explores the nanostructure-process-property relationships in various high-strength steels, including TRIP/TWIP/MBIP in high-Mn steels (HMnS), medium-Mn steels (MMnS), bearing steels, tool steels, and more. The author investigates a novel approach to control the phase transformation process during deformation and/or thermal treatment in steels, employing both experimental and theoretical tools.

This contributed volume provides a comprehensive understanding of synthetic protocols, characterization techniques, and current applications of iron oxide-based nanocomposite and nanoenzyme materials. It covers basic concepts and recent advancements in iron oxide-based nanocomposites and nanoenzymes, focusing on their synthesis, characterization, and functionalization for specific research applications. The different chapters in the book highlight key characterization techniques including Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy, and Transmission Electron Microscopy, among others while it also explores various applications of these materials, such as adsorption of heavy metals and dyes, gas sensors, biomedical applications, photo-catalysis, and photovoltaic sensors. This book serves as a valuable resource for researchers and graduate students working in the fields of materials science, chemistry, physics, and biotechnology.

This book highlights some of the latest advances in nanotechnology and nanomaterials from leading researchers in Ukraine, Europe and beyond. It features contributions presented at the 10th International Science and Practice Conference Nanotechnology and Nanomaterials (NANO2022), which was held in hybrid format on August 25-27, 2022 at Lviv House of Scientists, and was jointly organized by the Institute of Physics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, University of Tartu (Estonia), University of Turin (Italy), and Pierre and Marie Curie University (France). Internationally recognized experts from a wide range of universities and research institutions share their knowledge and key findings on material properties, behavior, synthesis and their applications.The book will be interesting for leading scientists, advanced undergraduate and graduate students in material and nanoscience. This book¿s companion volume also addresses topics such as nano-optics, nanoelectronics,energy storage, nanochemistryl and biomedical applications.

The issues arising from coal washery operations, particularly concerning the air environment, demand a systematic examination through a suitable computer algorithm. This algorithm should be developed based on mathematical models to quantify the impact on the air environment system. Consequently, this study aims to design and implement a computer algorithm, utilizing an appropriate contaminant transport model, to predict environmental parameters in and around coal washery complexes. The study identifies significant sources within coal washery operations and examines the pollution scenario of various industrial complexes, as well as the environmental status of nearby rivers, streams, and townships. The developed computer algorithm for predicting the dispersion of air pollutants serves as a versatile tool to address environmental issues related to air pollution. It can be considered a universal model that, with the identification of air pollution sources and estimation of their emission rates using suitable statistical models, can be applied to predict air pollution for various industries.