Teknisk anvendelse af biomaterialer

This volume deals with the various fabrication techniques, surface functionalization and biomedical applications of polymeric fibers possessing different scale and structure. It provides an overview of fabrication techniques such as Co-axial, Centrifugal, Melt and Yarning to procure multiscale, tubular and layered fibrous scaffold employed for biomedical applications. The chapters in this volume discusse the surface/chemical functionalization of fibers which enhance the biological properties of the fibrous scaffolds as well as the development of hybrid, layered and external stimuli-responsive fibrous scaffolds that hold potential application in biosensor and other biomedical fields. In addition, recent advances and applications of polymeric multiscale fibers in tissue engineering, regenerative medicine and drug delivery are presented. The potential use of fibrous scaffolds in bone, neural, tendon/ligament and cardiac tissue engineering, nanofibers as an antimicrobial wound dressing, employed in cancer theragnostics and in the treatment of skin/periodontal infections are discussed. The volume provides expert knowledge on the fabrication techniques, development of different scale and hybrid structure fibers, surface functionalization, layered and external stimuli responsive fibrous scaffolds. It will be beneficial to material/biomaterials scientists, bioengineering and biotechnologists by providing a better understanding on the subject of the innovative applications of fibrous scaffolds in drug delivery, tissue engineering, wound dressings and regenerative medicine.

This book gives an overview of the processing, properties, and applications of fibers and cellulose derivatives obtained from annual plant materials in the formation of non-wood source of pulp. The book comprises illustrations and tables summarizing the latest research on the production of fibers and cellulose derivatives using several key methods and/or characterization techniques. This book collates the information and knowledge of new ways to prepare cellulosic derivatives and describe the concepts and architecture of fibers obtained from annual plants. This book caters to researchers, policymakers, and industrial practitioners who are interested in natural fibers as a way to preserve the forest resource and to satisfy the increasing demand in pulps.

This book comprises select papers presented at the conference on Technology Innovation in Mechanical Engineering (TIME-2021). The book discusses the latest innovation and advanced research in the diverse field of Mechanical Engineering such as materials, manufacturing processes, evaluation of materials properties for the application in automotive, aerospace, marine, locomotive and energy sectors. The topics covered include  advanced metal forming, Energy Efficient systems, Material Characterization, Advanced metal forming, bending, welding & casting techniques, Composite and Polymer Manufacturing, Intermetallics, Future generation materials, Laser Based Manufacturing, High-Energy Beam Processing, Nano materials, Smart Material, Super Alloys, Powder Metallurgy and Ceramic Forming, Aerodynamics, Biological Heat & Mass Transfer, Combustion & Propulsion, Cryogenics, Fire Dynamics, Refrigeration & Air Conditioning, Sensors and Transducers, Turbulent Flows, Reactive Flows, Numerical Heat Transfer, Phase Change Materials, Micro- and Nano-scale Transport, Multi-phase Flows, Nuclear & Space Applications, Flexible Manufacturing Technology & System, Non-Traditional Machining processes, Structural Strength and Robustness, Vibration, Noise Analysis and Control, Tribology. In addition, it discusses industrial applications and cover theoretical and analytical methods, numerical simulations and experimental techniques in the area of Mechanical Engineering. The book will be helpful for academics, including graduate students and researchers, as well as professionals interested in interdisciplinary topics in the areas of materials, manufacturing, and energy sectors.

Sustainable Material for Biomedical Engineering Application discusses current interdisciplinary approaches in the development of materials and their derivatives that are sustainable for biomedical engineering application. Recent advancement of materials research has shown to have great impact on biomedical and clinical applications. With potential for sustainability, the materials discussed and illustrated in this book, may have the ability to increase and contribute to wider therapeutic options for patients. On the other hand, with the advancement in materials technology, they also have positive impacts in terms of reproducibility and more cost-effective manufacturing solutions for biomedical engineering industry. Some of the main aspects covered in this book are utilisation of human waste, food waste and green technology approach for materials in biomedical engineering applications such as tissue engineering, 3D printing and biosensing. A team of experts from various disciplines share recent advances that provide details and integrates different approaches to sustainable materials development. This book is intended for academicians, researchers, students and industrial players in the field of materials and biomedical engineering.

This monograph brings forth biomechanical research methods and outcomes on human tissue experiments such as those of the brain and the heart under a single umbrella. Different mechanical characterization techniques employed in human tissue property estimation are presented in detail. The contents also focus on a hyperelastic constitutive model (e.g., Mooney-Rivlin, Ogden) for both isotropic and anisotropic tissue characterization. It also discusses energy dissipation in soft tissues and associated viscoelasticity. Human tissues, including skin, muscles, connective tissues, and tissues in all functional organs are listed and their mechanical properties are presented in detail. These tissue properties are indispensable for computational modeling of biological systems, validation of biomechanical tissue testing, medical simulation through development of artificial phantoms and surrogates, and testing of medical devices and interventions. This book will serve as a key reference forresearch in tissue engineering & biomedical engineering, medical simulation, biomechanics, finite element modeling of biological systems, biomaterials, biotechnology, implant and medical device development, and healthcare wearables.

This book examines the interactions of nanomaterials with the biological system. The chapters of the book explore the natural and synthetic biomaterials that modulate immune responses for their applications in drug delivery and tissue engineering. Further, the book discusses the implications of the physiochemical properties of nanoparticles and their microenvironment on their interactions with biological systems. The chapters also present the recognitive capabilities of biomaterials for the development of novel strategies for the detection and treatment of autoimmune disorders. The book also introduces nanotechnology platforms for drug delivery and highlights current and emerging nanotechnologies that could enable novel classes of therapeutics. Towards the end, the book reviews the efficiency of drug-loaded nanoparticles in modulating the functioning of the biological milieu for improved disease treatment. Lastly, the book outlines the ethical issues regarding the use of nanoparticles for in vitro and in vivo applications. Given its scope, it is a valuable resource for graduate students and researchers interested in understanding the biomedical applications of nanoparticles and their interactions with the biological milieu.

This book presents the selected papers presented at the Third International Congress of Applied Chemistry & Environment (ICACE¿3) that took place on May 27-29, 2022. The topics of the conference covers topics from the thematic sections: (1) Environment and Climate Change; (2) Green Chemistry and Natural Substances; (3) Biobased Materials and Nanomaterials; (4) Sustainable Textiles and Clean Processes. For this edition of the conference, it is devoted to present the advantage to use annual plants and/or lignocellulose material as sources for production of fibers and/or cellulose derivatives and/or nanocellulose material with focus on their processing, properties and applications. This book benefits lecturers, students, researchers and industrialists who are working in the field of natural fiber especially in order to preserve the forest resource and to satisfy the increasing demand in pulps.

This book examines the application of wood waste in various advancements in environmental fields, such as construction, renewable energy, bio-absorbent, and agricultural and wood-based material. Featuring illustrations, and tables summarizing the latest research, it gathers up-to-date information on the application of various types of wood waste which could be applied in a practical manner to materially reduce nuisance created by fallout of wood-based industries from different sources. Given its scope, the book is a valuable reference book for research students and reference resources for researchers, academics, and industrial scientists working in the field of wood waste management and their utilization.

This book addresses the stabilization of vaccine powders by spray drying and provides an overview of the current state of the art on a laboratory and industrial scale. The book aims to familiarize readers with the advances in vaccine spray drying technology to understand its application potential better. In particular, the book addresses the design of aseptic spray dryers, parameters affecting the spray drying process, sterile powder processing, cleaning procedures, and powder filling. In addition, different drying technologies for the production of dry powder vaccines are compared to discuss the unique capabilities of spray drying as a particle technology for vaccines. Special attention is given to research studies on spray-dried vaccines published over the past 30 years, with key findings from laboratory research to clinical trials. Potential applications of spray-dried vaccines and routes of administration are presented in detail. Finally, an outlook is given on how close the aseptic spray-drying of vaccines is to the market and the challenges that need to be overcome to be commercially successful. The book's target audience is academics, researchers, vaccine developers, industry experts, students, and possibly funders, including government agencies, who are active in the field. In addition, the book is a reference source for those involved in the vaccine formulation and biopharmaceutical processing industry.

This book presents high-quality peer-reviewed articles from the 2nd International Conference on Biomass Utilization and Sustainable Energy 2022 (ICoBiomasSE 2022) organized by the Centre of Excellence for Biomass Utilization (COEBU), Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Malaysia. The theme of the conference ¿Emerging Technology for Future Sustainability¿ is chosen in view of the current revolution and rapid developments in the field of biomass innovation towards sustainable development. The contents are broadly divided into five parts: (1) sustainable biomass resources for decarbonizing the economy, (2) biomass conversion technologies for bioenergy and biofuels, (3) biomass conversion to intermediates and products, (4) bioeconomy sustainability, impacts and policies and (5) bioenergy integration. It provides a platform for students, professionals, researchers, academicians, policymakers and industries working in the areas of biomass utilization and sustainable energy to solve long-standing environmental issues for a healthier planet.¿

This book comprises select proceedings of the International Conference on Advanced Nanomaterials and Applications (ICANA 2022) and presents recent developments in the fields of nanoscale sciences. The topics covered in this book include energy storage and conversion, bio- and healthcare materials, sensors and actuators, functional materials, optical materials, and computational and simulation methods. This book is useful for researchers and professionals working in the various fields of nanotechnology.

This book presents a collection of chapters on modern bioelectrochemistry, showing different aspects of materials and electrode processes. The chapters cover biomimetics, bioelectrocatalysis, large-scale biodevices manufacturing, organic semiconductors for biorecognition, biofunctionalization, conducting polymers, carbon-based materials and 3D printed bioelectrochemical devices. They provide relevant bibliographic information for researchers and students interested in biomimetics applied in electrochemistry with impact in bioelectrocatalysis, large-scale deposition techniques applied to biodevices manufacturing and organic semiconductors as support material for electrochemical biorecognition. This book also presents insights on advantages and properties of biofunctionalization, conducting polymers with carbon-based materials in biosensors applications and progress on 3D printed electrochemical devices for sensing and biosensing of biomarkers.

This book offers innovative ideas and solutions from tropical fruits and crops for engineering problems. It covers a wide range of topics related to science, engineering, and technologies. The topics shared in this book enable practitioners and innovators to develop subsequent novel ideas and methods for solving engineering and technological problems for organizations to sustain its operation in global challenges.

This book examines resource recovery and recycling from waste metal dust, including currently used techniques for waste processing and recycling and their applications, with practical examples and economic potentials of the processes. The focus of this book is on resource recovery by suitable treatments and techniques, including those of recovery by-products. For the first time, this book provides a comprehensive, one-stop reference including seminal principles and methods, the advantages and disadvantages of the processes discussed, and the economics of the technology. It will serve as a technical reference for working scientists and engineers, while serving as an educational reference to students studying the waste recovery of metals.

This book highlights the preparation and characterization of efficient electromagnetic shielding composites containing bio-carbon derived from natural loofah with unique three-dimensional porous structures by means of entire structure design of composites according to shielding theory. The synergistic effect of multifunctional nanoparticles and bio-carbon on electromagnetic shielding mechanism, mechanical performance, and thermal stability of composites obtained has been holistically investigated. The discovery of this renewable, environmentally friendly, and inexpensive bio-carbon represents a new class of conductive materials with multi-interfaces and unravels further research and development of a wide variety of new electromagnetic shielding material systems with potential commercial applications ranging from electronic devices to energy management.¿

This book gives a comprehensive overview of bionanocomposites, a class of materials that consist of a biopolymer matrix which is embedded with nanoparticles and natural fibres as reinforcement to produce novel material and achieve superior physico-chemical and mechanical properties. The book looks into the synthesis of various forms of nanoparticles, the fabrication methods, and the characterization of bionanocomposites. It also includes topics related to the sustainability and life prediction of bionanocomposites such as biodegradability, recycling, and re-use. An important aspect in the designing of bionanocomposites includes computational modeling, and the suitability of the bionanocomposites in various applications is presented. This book appeals to students, researchers, and scientists looking to gain fundamental knowledge, know about recent advancements in the research on bionanocomposites and their applications.

This book explores in depth a wide range of functional biomaterials-based systems for drug, gene delivery, and biomedical aspects. The chapters cover newer technologies such as polymeric micelle, pH-responsive biomaterials, stimuli-responsive hydrogels, silk fibroin, inorganic biomaterials, synthetic biomaterials, 3D printed biomaterials, metallic biomaterials, ceramic and hybrid biomaterials. It also describes the theranostic approaches for cancer therapy,  the biomaterials-based nanofibers scaffolds in tissue engineering, as well as the strategies applications of metallic biomaterials for the medical and dental prosthetic field. This newer and updated approach will be attractive for biomedical engineering students working on materials science in the development of novel drug delivery strategies. The book will be an important reference for researchers and professionals working on biomaterial research in the pharmaceutical and medical fields.

This book describes the state-of-the-art use of biological insulating liquids in detail. In recent years, more and more transformers filled with esters have been put into operation. This is because people recognize the benefits of ester liquids in terms of their fire safety (high flash and fire points) and environmental characteristics, judging from their biodegradability, their low CO2 footprint (only valid for natural ester) and their beneficial interactions with solid insulation, etc. One of the main reasons is that the water adsorption and absorption characteristics of these liquids are excellent and very different compared to mineral oil. The today¿s discussion about climate change and global warming is an additional driver for using natural ester. Another advantage is that transformers filled with biological insulating liquids can operate with an overload of up to 150%. This is advantageous in the case of volatile energy generation from wind and solar power and in the supply of electrical energy for electromobility. Liquid inside electrical equipment is the lifeblood that serves both as a dielectric and a cooling medium. Some properties of these liquids differ from mineral oil, which had to be considered in the transformer design. The dielectric liquid is always in direct contact with transformer materials; therefore, the interaction should be very well understood, especially when retrofilling an existing mineral oil filled device. There are several natural ester fluids derived from various seeds and fruits on the market, and their properties may differ more or less. In the book, the most important properties of the different biological insulating fluids and mineral oil are compared. Ester fluids have already found their way into various standards. The condition of the device can be verified very well from the contents of the insulating liquids. For analysis and testing, the same equipment and devices that are commonly used for mineral oilare used for ester liquid. The chemical and physical behaviors of ester fluids compared to mineral oil are different. This must always be considered when interpreting test results stemming from ester fluids. The book is a guideline for students, original equipment manufacturers, users, laboratories and authorities in the use of biological insulating liquids.

This volume presents a series of case studies, at different levels of inclusivity, of how organisms exhibit functional convergence as a key evolutionary mechanism resulting in responses to similar environmental constraints in mechanically similar ways. The contributors to this volume have selected and documented cases of convergent evolution of form and function that are perceived to be driven by environmental abiotic and/or biotic challenges that fall within their areas of expertise. Collectively these chapters explore this phenomenon across a broad phylogenetic spectrum. The sequence of chapters follows the organizational principle of increasing phylogenetic inclusivity, rather than the clustering of chapters by perceived similarity of the phenotypic features or biomechanical challenges being considered. This is done to maintain focus on the evolutionary phenomenon that is the primary subject matter of the book, thereby providing a basis for discussion among the readership about whatis necessary and sufficient to justify the recognition of functional convergence. All chapters stress the need for integrative approaches for the elucidation of both pattern and process as they relate to convergence at various taxonomic levels.

This book provides a concerted supply chain perspective for dealing with pandemics on the scale of COVID-19. Specifically, this book describes a new approach, supply chain immunity, to illustrate what is needed to fix our economy and healthcare systems. The authors of this book are experts in supply chain management, health care supply chains, major systems acquisition, and contingency sourcing methods. Based on first-hand experiences working during COVID in the depths of the nation¿s supply chain failures, the authors develop important themes for private and public sector supply chain managers to consider in rebuilding a more immune supply chain. The book is targeted at policy makers, academics, practitioners, and students of disaster response, public policy, healthcare, and supply chain management who are interested in learning contemporary lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic. From the perspective of those who lived through the chaos, the authors furtherexplore the application of novel concepts in joint planning, market intelligence, and governance related to a national pandemic or other global contingency.

This book discusses fundamental aspects of super absorbent polymers (SAPs), insight into the synthesis and modification of SAPs as well as their potential applications in different domains.SAPs are bio-based material that has attracted much interest due to their unique structural properties, biodegradability, biocompatibility, etc. The book exhibits a unique combination of SAP designing, synthetic strategies, properties and chemistry along with SAP¿s application in the field of drug delivery, firefighting and biosensors, agriculture, etc. Various approaches to make these products a cost-effective and sustainable are discussed precisely in this book. Additionally, the approaches from the perspective of academic organization and research laboratories, many readers are able to learn the insights of the connection between super absorbent polymers in the agriculture field by reducing seedling mortality owing to their water storage capacity in soil. This book written byeminent researchers can be a useful reference for graduate, post-graduate students and researchers working in the file of super absorbent polymers, polymer technology, hygiene industry, etc.

This book presents recent advances in nanostructured biomaterials. It covers the structures and applications of advanced nanostructured biomaterials. The topics covered include overview on biological activities of thiazole derivatives, imidazole derivatives, pyrazole derivatives, tetrazole derivatives, benzimidazole derivatives, oxazole, isoxazoles, etc. The book also covers the topic of nanocarriers as drug delivery vectors. Given the contents, the book will be useful for students, researchers and professionals working in the area of biomaterials and nanomaterials.

This book illustrates the influence of biomimetics in the field of tissue engineering and drug delivery. These two distinct fields of regenerative medicine have greatly benefited from the concept of biomimetics, which focuses on using or imitating nature to develop materials for improving human lives. The book begins by highlighting the relevance and recent advances in biomimetic biomaterials. An updated and innovative content has been presented in terms of biomimetic systems that are being utilized in controlled delivery and stem cell therapy. Further, the book reviews the role of these materials in enhanced capacity for drug loading, cellular uptake, and controlled release within the target cells.  The book includes advanced techniques for characterizing biomimetic biomaterials and highlights their pivotal role in providing three-dimensional templates and synthetic extracellular matrices.