Teknisk anvendelse af biomaterialer

This book offers innovative ideas and solutions from tropical fruits and crops for engineering problems. It covers a wide range of topics related to science, engineering, and technologies. The topics shared in this book enable practitioners and innovators to develop subsequent novel ideas and methods for solving engineering and technological problems for organizations to sustain its operation in global challenges.

This book examines resource recovery and recycling from waste metal dust, including currently used techniques for waste processing and recycling and their applications, with practical examples and economic potentials of the processes. The focus of this book is on resource recovery by suitable treatments and techniques, including those of recovery by-products. For the first time, this book provides a comprehensive, one-stop reference including seminal principles and methods, the advantages and disadvantages of the processes discussed, and the economics of the technology. It will serve as a technical reference for working scientists and engineers, while serving as an educational reference to students studying the waste recovery of metals.

This book highlights the preparation and characterization of efficient electromagnetic shielding composites containing bio-carbon derived from natural loofah with unique three-dimensional porous structures by means of entire structure design of composites according to shielding theory. The synergistic effect of multifunctional nanoparticles and bio-carbon on electromagnetic shielding mechanism, mechanical performance, and thermal stability of composites obtained has been holistically investigated. The discovery of this renewable, environmentally friendly, and inexpensive bio-carbon represents a new class of conductive materials with multi-interfaces and unravels further research and development of a wide variety of new electromagnetic shielding material systems with potential commercial applications ranging from electronic devices to energy management.¿

This book gives a comprehensive overview of bionanocomposites, a class of materials that consist of a biopolymer matrix which is embedded with nanoparticles and natural fibres as reinforcement to produce novel material and achieve superior physico-chemical and mechanical properties. The book looks into the synthesis of various forms of nanoparticles, the fabrication methods, and the characterization of bionanocomposites. It also includes topics related to the sustainability and life prediction of bionanocomposites such as biodegradability, recycling, and re-use. An important aspect in the designing of bionanocomposites includes computational modeling, and the suitability of the bionanocomposites in various applications is presented. This book appeals to students, researchers, and scientists looking to gain fundamental knowledge, know about recent advancements in the research on bionanocomposites and their applications.

This book explores in depth a wide range of functional biomaterials-based systems for drug, gene delivery, and biomedical aspects. The chapters cover newer technologies such as polymeric micelle, pH-responsive biomaterials, stimuli-responsive hydrogels, silk fibroin, inorganic biomaterials, synthetic biomaterials, 3D printed biomaterials, metallic biomaterials, ceramic and hybrid biomaterials. It also describes the theranostic approaches for cancer therapy,  the biomaterials-based nanofibers scaffolds in tissue engineering, as well as the strategies applications of metallic biomaterials for the medical and dental prosthetic field. This newer and updated approach will be attractive for biomedical engineering students working on materials science in the development of novel drug delivery strategies. The book will be an important reference for researchers and professionals working on biomaterial research in the pharmaceutical and medical fields.

This book describes the state-of-the-art use of biological insulating liquids in detail. In recent years, more and more transformers filled with esters have been put into operation. This is because people recognize the benefits of ester liquids in terms of their fire safety (high flash and fire points) and environmental characteristics, judging from their biodegradability, their low CO2 footprint (only valid for natural ester) and their beneficial interactions with solid insulation, etc. One of the main reasons is that the water adsorption and absorption characteristics of these liquids are excellent and very different compared to mineral oil. The today¿s discussion about climate change and global warming is an additional driver for using natural ester. Another advantage is that transformers filled with biological insulating liquids can operate with an overload of up to 150%. This is advantageous in the case of volatile energy generation from wind and solar power and in the supply of electrical energy for electromobility. Liquid inside electrical equipment is the lifeblood that serves both as a dielectric and a cooling medium. Some properties of these liquids differ from mineral oil, which had to be considered in the transformer design. The dielectric liquid is always in direct contact with transformer materials; therefore, the interaction should be very well understood, especially when retrofilling an existing mineral oil filled device. There are several natural ester fluids derived from various seeds and fruits on the market, and their properties may differ more or less. In the book, the most important properties of the different biological insulating fluids and mineral oil are compared. Ester fluids have already found their way into various standards. The condition of the device can be verified very well from the contents of the insulating liquids. For analysis and testing, the same equipment and devices that are commonly used for mineral oilare used for ester liquid. The chemical and physical behaviors of ester fluids compared to mineral oil are different. This must always be considered when interpreting test results stemming from ester fluids. The book is a guideline for students, original equipment manufacturers, users, laboratories and authorities in the use of biological insulating liquids.

This volume presents a series of case studies, at different levels of inclusivity, of how organisms exhibit functional convergence as a key evolutionary mechanism resulting in responses to similar environmental constraints in mechanically similar ways. The contributors to this volume have selected and documented cases of convergent evolution of form and function that are perceived to be driven by environmental abiotic and/or biotic challenges that fall within their areas of expertise. Collectively these chapters explore this phenomenon across a broad phylogenetic spectrum. The sequence of chapters follows the organizational principle of increasing phylogenetic inclusivity, rather than the clustering of chapters by perceived similarity of the phenotypic features or biomechanical challenges being considered. This is done to maintain focus on the evolutionary phenomenon that is the primary subject matter of the book, thereby providing a basis for discussion among the readership about whatis necessary and sufficient to justify the recognition of functional convergence. All chapters stress the need for integrative approaches for the elucidation of both pattern and process as they relate to convergence at various taxonomic levels.

This book provides a concerted supply chain perspective for dealing with pandemics on the scale of COVID-19. Specifically, this book describes a new approach, supply chain immunity, to illustrate what is needed to fix our economy and healthcare systems. The authors of this book are experts in supply chain management, health care supply chains, major systems acquisition, and contingency sourcing methods. Based on first-hand experiences working during COVID in the depths of the nation¿s supply chain failures, the authors develop important themes for private and public sector supply chain managers to consider in rebuilding a more immune supply chain. The book is targeted at policy makers, academics, practitioners, and students of disaster response, public policy, healthcare, and supply chain management who are interested in learning contemporary lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic. From the perspective of those who lived through the chaos, the authors furtherexplore the application of novel concepts in joint planning, market intelligence, and governance related to a national pandemic or other global contingency.

This book discusses fundamental aspects of super absorbent polymers (SAPs), insight into the synthesis and modification of SAPs as well as their potential applications in different domains.SAPs are bio-based material that has attracted much interest due to their unique structural properties, biodegradability, biocompatibility, etc. The book exhibits a unique combination of SAP designing, synthetic strategies, properties and chemistry along with SAP¿s application in the field of drug delivery, firefighting and biosensors, agriculture, etc. Various approaches to make these products a cost-effective and sustainable are discussed precisely in this book. Additionally, the approaches from the perspective of academic organization and research laboratories, many readers are able to learn the insights of the connection between super absorbent polymers in the agriculture field by reducing seedling mortality owing to their water storage capacity in soil. This book written byeminent researchers can be a useful reference for graduate, post-graduate students and researchers working in the file of super absorbent polymers, polymer technology, hygiene industry, etc.

This book presents recent advances in nanostructured biomaterials. It covers the structures and applications of advanced nanostructured biomaterials. The topics covered include overview on biological activities of thiazole derivatives, imidazole derivatives, pyrazole derivatives, tetrazole derivatives, benzimidazole derivatives, oxazole, isoxazoles, etc. The book also covers the topic of nanocarriers as drug delivery vectors. Given the contents, the book will be useful for students, researchers and professionals working in the area of biomaterials and nanomaterials.

This book illustrates the influence of biomimetics in the field of tissue engineering and drug delivery. These two distinct fields of regenerative medicine have greatly benefited from the concept of biomimetics, which focuses on using or imitating nature to develop materials for improving human lives. The book begins by highlighting the relevance and recent advances in biomimetic biomaterials. An updated and innovative content has been presented in terms of biomimetic systems that are being utilized in controlled delivery and stem cell therapy. Further, the book reviews the role of these materials in enhanced capacity for drug loading, cellular uptake, and controlled release within the target cells.  The book includes advanced techniques for characterizing biomimetic biomaterials and highlights their pivotal role in providing three-dimensional templates and synthetic extracellular matrices.

This book provides a comprehensive technical and scientific overview of the surface modification of titanium dental implants. Coverage ranges from basic concepts of surface modification to advanced micro- and nanoengineering strategies employed to achieve augmented bioactivity to meet the needs of compromised patient conditions. A special focus of the book is advanced state-of-the-art electrochemically anodized nanostructures fabricated on implants towards enhanced bioactivity and local therapy. Surface Modification of Titanium Dental Implants will keep you current in the domain of titanium dental implants and will provide an improved understanding of their performance and application. The book will benefit engineers, clinicians, and researchers in biomaterials, biomedical engineering, dental and bone implants, nanoengineering, and technology.

This book presents a widespread description of the synthesis and characterization of biomass-based carbon nanostructures. It also covers the vital applications of these materials in supercapacitors and for next-generation energy storage devices. It describes the common design procedures, advantages and disadvantages of biomass-based carbon nanostructures and offers novel visions into the forthcoming directions. In addition, this book will provide new updates about the effect of doping and structural twist on the electrochemical performance of electrode materials derived from biomass sources. The book will be useful for beginners, researchers, and professionals working in the area of carbon nanomaterials and their applications in energy storage devices.

Nanotechnology is gaining importance in every field of science and technology. Green synthesis of nanomaterials involves the use of microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, viruses; and different lower and higher plants. Green synthesis of nanomaterials from plant extracts becoming popular in comparison to synthesis using microorganisms. Plant based-nanomaterials synthesis is easy, have no need to bring back from the culture medium, and is safe. Additionally, plant-based nanomaterials are eco-friendly, in comparison to physical and chemical modes of synthesis. Several lower and higher plants are rich in terms of secondary metabolites. These metabolites have been used as medicine in crude extract form or with some other formulations. They have been also used to isolate the bioactive compounds in modern medicine as well as in herbal medicine systems. Thus, phytochemicals present in the plant and their parts play an important role in nanomaterials synthesis, mainly due to the presence of a significant number of secondary metabolites, for instance, alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, tannins, etc. Further, essential and aromatic oils have been also explored for nanomaterials synthesis, and they are also equally useful in terms of their various biological applications. These organic ingredients come from a wide range of plant components, such as leaves, stems, roots, shoots, flowers, bark, and seeds. Globally, the presence of different plants has shown a capability to produce huge and diverse groups of secondary metabolites. The functional groups present in the plant extract acts as capping and stabilizing agent. Most of the time, pure isolated bioactive compounds are more biologically active; hence scholars are focusing their research on the synthesis of nanomaterials using some particular class of secondary metabolites. Investigations have shown that the green synthesized nanomaterials were found to be more biologically active in comparison to chemicallysynthesized nanomaterials. These nanomaterials and or nanocomposites found different applications especially in drug delivery, detection and cure of cancer cells, diagnosis of a genetic disorder, photoimaging, and angiogenesis detection. They have also shown several applications in agricultural, horticultural as well as forestry sectors. The book in hand covers a wide range of topics as mentioned above. It incorporates chapters that the authors have skilfully crafted with clarity and precision, reviewing up-to-date literature with lucid illustrations. The book would cater to the need of graduate students as a textbook and simultaneously be useful for both novices and experienced scientists and or researchers working in the discipline of nanotechnology, nanomedicine, medicinal plants, plant science, economic botany, chemistry, biotechnology, pharmacognosy, pharmaceuticals, industrial chemistry, and many other interdisciplinary subjects. It should also inspire industrialists and policy makers associated with plant-based nano products.

This book presents a systematic overview of the technologies currently being explored and utilized in the fields of cardiovascular tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Considering the unprecedented rapid progress occurring on multiple technological fronts in cardiac tissue engineering, this important new volume fills a need for an up-to-date, comprehensive text on emerging advanced biological and engineering tools. The book is an important resource for anyone looking to understand the emerging topics that have the potential to substantially influence the future of the field. Coverage includes iPS stem cell technologies, nanotechnologies and nanomedicine, advanced biomanufacturing, 3D culture systems, 3D organoid systems, genetic approaches to cardiovascular tissue engineering, and organ on a chip. This book will be a valuable guide for research scientists, students, and clinical researchers in the fields of cardiovascular biology, medicine, and bioengineering, as well as industry-based practitioners working in biomaterial science, nanomaterials and technology, and rapid prototyping and biomanufacturing (3D bioprinting). 

This book provides a comprehensive overview of the latest advances in a wide range of biomaterials for the development of smart and advanced functional materials. It discusses the fundamentals of bio-interfacial interactions and the surface engineering of emerging biomaterials like metals and alloys, polymers, ceramics, and composites/nanocomposites. In turn, the book addresses the latest techniques and approaches to engineering material surfaces/interfaces in, e.g., implants, tissue engineering, drug delivery, antifouling, and dentistry. Lastly, it summarizes various challenges in the design and development of novel biomaterials. Given its scope, it offers a valuable source of information for students, academics, physicians and particularly researchers from diverse disciplines such as material science and engineering, polymer engineering, biotechnology, bioengineering, chemistry, chemical engineering, nanotechnology, and biomedical engineering for various commercial and scientific applications.

This book covers key topics in the emerging field of plasmonic MEMS, with an emphasis on practical aspects. Although readers can find many comprehensive textbooks on electromagnetic waves, nanophotonics and plasmonics, most of these lack the focus needed for a thorough grasp of plasmonic micromachining and MEMS.This book introduces the main framework of plasmonic MEMS, providing an overview of introductory concepts, a thorough description of the basic foundations, along with the state-of-the-art and existing challenges. The author presents an abbreviated overview of the basic physics and devices related to electromagnetic waves and surface plasmons. Additional coverage includes recent advances in the fabrication of sub-100-nm patterns on micro scale devices and structures and a review of emerging techniques in the fabrication of plasmonic systems. A comprehensive and historical review of the current advances in the area of plasmonic nanofabrication is also included.This book focuses on an appealing and distinctive aspect of plasmonics, as a tool for patterning and the fabrication of ultra-fine resolution structures. The author reviews the recent developments in plasmonic MEMS and microsystems for biosensing applications, including refractive-index based label-free biosensing, plasmonic integrated lab-on-chip systems, plasmonic for near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM) and plasmonics on-chip system for cellular imaging.

This second edition includes a collection of antigen production and delivery strategies for vaccine development in veterinary species. New and updated chapters guide readers through protocols for antigen production, experimental antigen delivery and the analysis of immune responses upon vaccination. Written in the format of the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, each chapter includes an introduction to the topic, lists necessary materials and reagents, includes tips on troubleshooting and known pitfalls, and step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Vaccine Technologies for Veterinary Viral Diseases: Methods and Protocols, Second Edition aims to be a useful and practical guide to researches to help further their study in this field.

The book Function-oriented bioengineered skin equivalents - continuous development towards complete skin replication aims to provide potential readers with a comprehensive summary of the available information on various in vitro skin models, from historical background to different modeling approaches and their applications. Particular emphasis is placed on presenting the current technological components available for the development of engineered skin equivalents by summarizing advances in cell cultivation, materials science, and bioengineering. Using examples of the current-state-of-art, we describe the advantages, limitations, and challenges of developing in vitro skin models for successful use in clinical applications and skin-related research.

This book covers the latest developments in phenolic foams and their applications. Compared with polystyrene and polyurethane foams, phenolic foams are known as third-generation polymeric foams. Phenolic foams exhibit excellent fire-retardant properties, including low flammability, low peak heat release rate, no dripping during combustion, and low toxicity. This book discusses various aspects of phenolic foams including properties, synthesis, fabrication methodologies, and applications. The contents also cover the methods for toughening of phenolic foams to make them more widely applicable. This book is of interest to both academics and industry alike. It is also a useful reference for fire safety regulators and policy-makers looking for new materials and methods for sustainable fire protection.

This detailed volume compiles key methods and techniques used to establish some of the structural and functional aspects of Z-form nucleic acids. Beginning with chapters on characterizing Z-DNA, the book continues by exploring structure determination techniques, gene- and genome-targeting methods and genome-wide approaches, Z-RNA study, and much more. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step and readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Z-DNA: Methods and Protocols serves as an ideal guide for students and researchers curious about this unique Z nucleic acid as an area of investigation, aiming to help the field grow, flourish, and unravel the hidden and novel roles of Z. Chapter 1 is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.This is an open access book.