Teknisk anvendelse af elektroniske materialer, magnetiske materialer, optiske materialer

This book explores cutting-edge topics on hydrogen and fuel cell technologies in aviation. Coverage includes comparisons with conventional technologies, hydrogen storage options, energy management strategies, life cycle assessment, and application of fuel cells in different aerial vehicle classes. It also offers insights into recent progress and new technological developments in the field, along with case studies and practical applications. Fuel Cell and Hydrogen Technologies in Aviation is an invaluable guide for students, researchers, and engineers working on sustainable air transportation and the performance and environmental analysis of fuel cell-powered aerial vehicles.

This work systematically investigates the use of high-quality (high-Q) resonators as coding particles of chipless cooperative radar targets to overcome clutter. Due to their high-Q, the backscattered signature can outlast clutter and permit reliable readouts in dynamic environments as well as its integration in other types of cooperative radar targets for joint identification, sensing, and ranging capabilities.This is first demonstrated with temperature and pressure sensors in the microwave frequency range, which include the characterization of a novel temperature sensor for machine tool monitoring up to 400 (deg)C, as well as inside the machine. Afterwards, the thesis proposes and demonstrates the use of metallic as well as dielectric Electromagnetic BandGap (EBG) structures to enable the realization and to enhance the capabilities at mm-Wave and THz frequencies compared to microwave frequencies with compact monolithic multi-resonator cooperative radar targets. Furthermore, this work studies the integration of resonators as coding particles inside larger retroreflective configurations such as Luneburg lenses to achieve long-range and high accuracy for localization and, at the same time, frequency coding robust against clutter for identification. Finally, the successful readout of these cooperative radar targets is demonstrated in cluttered dynamic environments, as well as with readers based on Frequency-Modulated Continuous-Wave (FMCW) radars.

A systematic introduction to the future of electronic packaging Electronic packaging materials are among the most important components of the broader electronics industry, capable of facilitating heat dissipation, redistributing stress on electronic components, and providing environmental protections for electronic systems. Recent advances in integrated circuits, especially the development of flexible electronic technology, have placed increasingly stringent demands on the capabilities of electronic packaging. These technologies have the potential to reshape our world, and they demand a generation of engineers capable of harnessing that potential. Flexible Electronic Packaging and Encapsulation Technology meets this demand with an introduction to the cutting-edge technologies available to package electronic components, as well as the testing methods and applications that bring these technologies to bear on the industry. These packaging technologies promise to bring lightness, flexibility, and environmental friendliness to the next generation of electronic systems. Flexible Electronic Packaging and Encapsulation Technology readers will also find: Survey of commercial electronic packaging materials and patents for reference purposesGuidelines for designing high-performance packaging materials with novel structuresAn authorial team of leading researchers in the field Flexible Electronic Packaging and Encapsulation Technology is ideal for materials scientists, electronics engineers, solid state physicists, professionals in the semiconductor industry, and any other researchers or professionals working with electronic systems.

This book discusses generalized applications of energy storage systems using experimental, numerical, analytical, and optimization approaches. The book includes novel and hybrid optimization techniques developed for energy storage systems. It provides a range of applications of energy storage systems on a single platform. The book broadly covers-thermal management of electronic components in portable electronic devices; modeling and optimization aspects of energy storage systems; management of power generation systems involving renewable energy; testing, evaluation, and life cycle assessment of energy storage systems, etc. This book will serve as a reference resource for researchers and practitioners in academia and industry.

This book presents recent developments and future scopes of glassy systems, such as their electrical and optical properties, use as electrodes, photonics devices, battery applications and others, which are of great interest for material scientists and professionals. Each chapter is designed to increase coherence, containing examples and question sets as exercises for in-depth understanding of the text. It provides a valuable resource for researchers, professionals and students in the area of material research especially on Li-doped glasses.

This book illustrates various applications of quantum dots (QDs) in the biomedical field and future perspectives. It first introduces the synthesis procedures and fundamental properties of QDs. In addition, the optical detection techniques and toxicologic reviews of QDs are presented. A focus of the book is also on the applications of QDs in cancer therapy, drug delivery, bio-sensing, and targeted molecular therapy. This book is exciting and valuable to a wide variety of readership communities (students, early-stage researchers, and scientists) in the various fields of biology and medicine.

This book elaborates on the fabrication of organic-inorganic hybrid nanomaterials, their advantages, self-assembly and their applications in diverse fields of energy, biotechnology, biomedical and environment. The contents provide insight into tools, tricks and challenges associated with techniques of fabrication and future challenges and risks. This book also discusses the properties of modern hybrid nanomaterials and their performance, durability, reproducibility and sensitivity. It will be useful for students and researchers in the area of nanotechnology, science, engineering and environmental chemistry. This volume will also be useful for researchers and professionals working on nanohybrid materials.

This book is aimed to bring the emerging application aspects of THz technology and various modules used for its successful realization. It gathers scientific technological novelties and advancements already developed or under development in the academic and research communities. This book focuses on recent advances, different research issues in terahertz technology and would also seek out theoretical, methodological, well-established and validated empirical work dealing with these different topics. In particular, this textbook covers design considerations and current trends of THz antennas and antenna arrays to deal with the transmission and reception of THz EM waves. It also presents a discussion on metamaterial structures, meta-surfaces, and absorbers to be used for some kind of sensing and detection applications. Furthermore, it reports on THz wireless communication aspects, 6G network issues and challenges, advantages and disadvantages, generation and detection of THz waves, Signal and Communication Processing for THz communication, reconfigurable low-noise amplifier (LNA) design, III-Nitride HEMTs for THz Applications, photonic crystal fiber for sensing applications, THz Design Variable Estimation by Deep Optimization, and THz Imaging issues. Once the readers finish studying this book then they will learn about the importance of THz technology, advancement in the field, applications, THz modules like antennas, MIMO and DRAs, communication aspects, LNAs, generation of THz waves, etc and future scope. It also leads to enhancement in their knowledge in THz technology, gives a platform to future technology and novel applications realization.

This book covers a number of engineered nanotheranostics platforms and nanomedicines applications of FDA-approved medicines for early-stage diagnosis and treatment of cancer. The book focuses on (i) the basic design and bioengineering of safe medicines, (ii) physicochemical understanding of surface engineered medicines and their characteristics, (iii) various examples for site-specific bioimaging and multimode therapies, (iv) stimuli-responsive approaches for targeted drug delivery applications, (v) targeted therapeutics approaches for cancer cells or solid tumor ablations, (vi) targeted mechanisms of administrative biomedicines, (vii) impact of surface modification or engineering of biomedicines for site-selective tumor binding ability, and (vii) requirements for clinical trials and FDA approval. The content of this book appeal to readers who are interested in recent developments of FDA-approved cost-effective rapid cancer imaging and therapeutic platforms.

This edited book focuses on processing, properties, and applications of bast fiber and its composites written by renowned researchers and academicians. The contents focus on properties such as rheological and dielectric of bast fiber composites. It also discusses its dynamic mechanical analysis, thermal stability of polymer composites reinforced with bast fibers, and water absorption behavior of bast fiber incorporated polymer composites. This book will be beneficial to both the industry and academia as it highlights possible avenues of future research.

The battery management system (BMS) optimizes the efficiency of batteries under allowable conditions and prevents serious failure modes. This book focuses on critical BMS techniques, such as battery modeling; estimation methods for state of charge, state of power and state of health; battery charging strategies; active and passive balancing methods; and thermal management strategies during the entire lifecycle. It also introduces functional safety and security-related design for BMS, and discusses potential future technologies, like digital twin technology.

This book describes improvements to the electronics topology of current modular reconfigurable storages by integrating parallel connectivity, reducing the semiconductor count by eliminating irrelevant states, and improving the monitoring techniques through higher function integration. The author also discusses each topology's main advantages and disadvantages at the micro and macro levels. Moreover, the presented modeling of modular reconfigurable storage systems with different storages helps in better understanding the dynamics of the system.The book establishes novel optimum or near-optimum methods for exploiting the DOF (degrees of freedom) to achieve higher efficiency, more function integration, better balancing, or output quality. Additionally, through a detailed analysis of different modulation techniques, this book presents novel modulation methods, enhances the state-of-the-art, or in some cases, simplifies the complexity of implementation.The concept of interconnected multi-port systems through integrating novel modulation techniques and the acquired understanding of the behavior of modular dynamically reconfigurable storages is explained. The presented concepts can significantly reduce the number of energy conversion stages as well as the final footprint of the system, reduce the number of required controlled semiconductors, and save costs. It also presents novel monitoring techniques based on estimators that can significantly reduce the number of required sensors and the required data-communication bandwidth.

This book covers edge-point applications in science and engineering. The chapters discuss the functional properties of advanced engineering materials and biomolecules, improving the comprehension of their chemical physical properties and potential for new technological and medicinal applications. The book presents a small number of experimental techniques and computational simulation models from basic concepts of classical/quantum mechanics, physics, chemistry, biology, statistical methods that can predict important applications and properties of these materials/biomolecules. The content shows how improving design of new systems helps in addressing future world problems (health, energy, food, environment, transportation, housing, clothing, etc.), i.e., almost every aspects of our daily lives. 

This book presents selected, peer-reviewed proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Material, Machines and Methods for Sustainable Development (MMMS2022), held in the city of Can Tho, Vietnam, from 10 to 13 November 2022. The purpose of the conference is to explore and ensure an understanding of the critical aspects contributing to sustainable development with a focus on advanced mechanical engineering, automation, materials, machines and methods. The contributions published in this book come from authors representing universities, research institutes and industrial companies and reflect the results of a very broad spectrum of research, from micro- and nanoscale materials design and processing, to mechanical engineering technology in industry. Many of the contributions selected for these proceedings focus on materials modeling, eco-material processes and mechanical manufacturing.Volume 1 of this book focuses on topics dedicated to advanced materials and manufacturing technologies, ranging from synthesis of new materials to sustainable development manufacturing technology.

This handbook comprehensively covers the rapidly evolving field of power generation using triboelectric nanogenerators. Since their emergence in 2012, triboelectric nanogenerators have experienced fast development both in fundamental science aspects and technological innovations resulting in a plethora of outstanding applications and commercial opportunities in e.g. micro-nano energy systems, self-powered sensors, blue energy, and high-voltage power sources.The Handbook of Triboelectric Nanogenerators provides an indispensable overview of the state of the art in the field. It begins with a review of the physical and technological fundamentals and provides detailed coverage of triboelectric nanogenerators for cutting-edge applications from wearable electronics and medical implants to smart home sensing devices and human¿machine interfacing.Edited and authored by active researchers in the field, the handbook offers a wealth of information for applied physicists and chemists, as well as materials scientists and engineers. In addition, mechanical and electronic engineers working in the fields of energy scavenging, power sources, and sensor-related application development will benefit greatly from the technical information presented in this groundbreaking reference work.

Optoelectronics refers to the study and use of electronic devices and systems for finding, detecting and controlling light. It is commonly regarded as a subfield of photonics. Optoelectronic devices are electrical-to-optical or optical-to-electrical transducers, or instruments that utilize such devices. Optoelectronics is based on the quantum mechanical effects of light on electronic materials, particularly semiconductors in the presence of electric fields. It has significant applications in optical fiber communications and optocouplers. This book will unfold the innovative aspects of optoelectronics which will be crucial for the progress of this field in the future. From theories to research to practical applications, studies related to all contemporary topics of relevance to this field have been included herein. The book will serve as a valuable source of reference for graduate and post graduate students.

Optical sensors are a broad class of devices that are designed to detect and convert incident light rays into electrical signals. The most common types of optical sensors include transmission-type photo-interrupters, reflective photosensors, photoconductive devices, photodiodes, and phototransistors. Transmission-type photo-interrupters detect the presence of objects by intercepting light. These are used in position sensing and measuring the speed of rotation. Reflective photosensors detect the motion of objects by measuring the reflection of light across them. Optical sensors are ubiquitous components in electronic devices and equipment having several applications in industrial, consumer, healthcare and automotive fields. Biomedical devices for breath analysis and heart rate monitoring are some biomedical applications of optical sensors. They are also helpful in detecting liquid levels in process engineering facilities, such as petroleum levels in tank farms and hydrocarbon refineries. This book outlines the processes and applications of optical sensors in detail. It is a vital tool for all researching and studying this subject.

This book is based on a course of lectures aimed at undergraduate and graduate students studying materials science and welding at the E.O. Paton Institute of Materials Science and Welding National Technical University of Ukraine "Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute." The book is divided into four parts, each focusing on various aspects of magnetic solitons in ferromagnetic nanosystems.The first two parts of the book cover the quantum and thermodynamic properties of uniaxial ferromagnetic films with strong magnetic anisotropy and cylindrical nanowires made of different chemical compositions (ferrite-garnet, iron, nickel). These properties are related to the presence of "kink" solitons, which are vertical Bloch lines (BLs) and domain walls (DWs) of transverse type, respectively.The third part of the book discusses the effect of thermal motion of transverse-type DWs on the magnetocaloric effect in cylindrical iron and nickel nanowires. The fourth part of the book explores the conditions that lead to structural transitions between different types of DWs, including transverse, asymmetric, and DWs with a Bloch point (point soliton).Each part of the book is summarized at the end, highlighting the main results presented. Overall, the book is designed to provide students with a comprehensive understanding of magnetic solitons in ferromagnetic nanosystems and their associated quantum, thermodynamic, and structural properties.

This book provides a detailed description of hydrogen production through water electrolysis. It starts with the theoretical description of the chemical, thermodynamic, and kinetic issues related to the electrolysis of water. The main available technologies and the ones under development are detailed from a technical and a scientific point of view. At the end of the book Dr. Cavaliere describes the main hydrogen applications and their contribution to the grand energy transition that is expected by the middle of the century. The book also examines the economic issues related to the transition toward the hydrogen society.

This book explores some of the latest and recent advances in the synthesis, characterization and applications of magnetic nanomaterials. It starts with an overview of magnetic nanomaterials, followed by a list of their synthesis and characterization methods. The book shows the potential of magnetic materials in different applications, including theranostic nanomedicine, heavy metals detection, dyes sensing, solar cells, wastewater treatment, decontamination of soil, and detection and monitoring of toxic gases. Moreover, it explores their use as drug and gene delivery agents, their biosafety and bioregulation facets, tissue engineering applications, and their potential for combating pathogens

This book addresses new ways to optimize the fabrication process and performance of iron-based superconducting wires and tapes based on the powder-in-tube (PIT) method. Further, it systemically analyzes and enhances the current-carrying ability of wire and tape conductors with regard to chemical addition, mechanical deformation, and heat treatment. The microstructure of the superconducting cores is studied by means of the magneto-optical imaging technique, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and flux pinning analysis. This book will benefits all students, researchers, and technical personnel who work in superconducting materials, applied superconductivity, and the power industry.

This book provides recent development in thin-film solar cells (TFSC). TFSC have proven the promising approach for terrestrial and space photovoltaics. TFSC have the potential to change the device design and produce high efficiency devices on rigid/flexible substrates with significantly low manufacturing cost. TFSC have several advantages in manufacturing compared to traditional crystalline Si-solar cells like less requirement of materials, can be prepared with earth's abundant materials, less processing steps, easy to dispose, etc. Several universities/research institutes/industry in India and abroad are involved in the research area of thin-film solar cells. The book helps the readers to find the details about different thin-film technologies and its advancement at one place. Each chapter covers properties of materials, its suitability for PV applications, simple manufacturing processes and recent and past literature survey. The issues related to the development of high efficiency TFSC devices over large area and its commercial and future prospects are discussed.

This book is a state-of-the-art review on recent advances in flow cells for electrochemical energy systems. The book includes an introduction to flow cells, proton exchange membrane fuel cells, photocatalytic fuel cells, organic flow batteries, redox flow batteries, microfluidic flow cells, as well as electrolysis cells for CO2 and nitrogen reduction. The book provides an essential reference for professors, researchers, and policymakers globally in academia, industry, and government.

This book systematically summarizes the advanced development of carbon-based nanomaterials for electrochemical catalysis, and it is comprised of four sections. The first section discusses about the fundamental synthesis, characterization techniques, and catalytic effects on the energy conversion and storage mechanism. The second section elaborately reviews various types of electrocatalytic reactions on carbon-based materials and their performance. The third section focuses on batteries about carbon-based materials with different storage mechanism. And the last one, the following enlightenment in terms of theoretical development and experimental research is provided to the general readers: 1) Precise design and construction of local atomic and electronic structures at the interface of catalysts; 2) Selective activation and directed conversion of carbon-based energy-carrying molecules at the interface; 3) Interaction mechanism and regulation of catalyst solid surface interface properties under environment and external field. This book will be useful for researchers and students who are interested in carbon-based nanomaterials, electrochemical catalysts and energy storage.

This book describes analytical instruments widely used to characterize the nanostructured materials. It provides information about how to assess material quality, defects, the state of surfaces and interfaces, element distributions, strain, lattice distortion, and electro-optical properties of materials and devices. The information provided by this book can be used as a back-up for material processing, material design and debugging of device performance. The basic principles and methodology of each analysis technique is described in separate chapters, adding historic perspectives and recent developments. The data analysis, from simple to advanced level, is introduced by numerous examples, mostly taken from the authors' fields of research; semiconductor materials, metals and oxides. The book serves as a valuable guide for scientists and students working in materials science, physics, and engineering, who wish to become acquainted with the most important analytical techniques for nanomaterials.

This volume builds upon the successful book Lanthanide Luminescence published in the Springer Series on Fluorescence in 2011. Since its publication, the field of lanthanide spectroscopy and the areas in which the light emission properties of the f-elements are used have experienced substantial advances. The luminescence properties of lanthanide ions make them unique candidates for a myriad of optical applications. This book highlights and reviews the latest research in areas ranging from luminescence thermometry to imaging, sensing and photonic applications of these fascinating elements. Each chapter provides a comprehensive introduction to a specific area of application of lanthanide luminescence and extensively reviews seminal papers and current research literature. Given its interdisciplinary scope, the book appeals to scientists and advanced students in physics, chemistry and materials science interested in compounds and materials with optical properties.

This book provides researchers in the fields of organic chemistry, organometallic chemistry and homogeneous catalysis with an overview of recent developments in the applications of reactions involving carbene and nitrene intermediates directed to the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds. Multiple pathways through which diverse heterocyclic compounds are accessed occur from a variety of carbene and nitrene precursors through C-H/X-H insertions, cycloadditions, ylide transformations, rearrangements, and cascade reactions. Catalytic processes that form metallo-carbenes and nitrenes offer unparalleled chemo-, regio-, and stereo-selectivities. Insights are provided into the scope of these methodologies and the inherent control of catalyst ligands on reaction selectivities.