Atomkraft og atomkraftteknik

New York Times Bestseller ”Enestående, tryllebindende og virkelig skræmmende … hver eneste skridt er ladet medspænding … fantastisk.” The New York Times Historien om Tjernobyl er langt mere kompleks, mere menneskelig og mere skræmmende end myten om det sovjetiske rige. I denne afgørende og afslørende bog, der bygger på interviews, breve, uudgivne memoirer og dokumenter fra nyligt åbne arkiver, bringer Adam Higginbotham katastrofen i 1986 til live gennem øjnene af de mænd og kvinder, der var vidner til ulykken. Det er en historie, der i mange år har været omdiskuteret, og som fra start til slut har været indhyllet i hemmeligheder, propaganda og vildledende informationer. Med”Tjernobyl. Den ufortalte historie” præsenterer Adam Higginbotham et uforglemmeligt og dybdegående portræt af verdens værste atomkatastrofe, som samtidig er skræmmende relevant i vores dages diskussioner om klimaforandringer og energikrise.

”Vær forsigtig, støvet er det værste,” formanede vores guide os, da vi iklædt sikkerhedsdragt og med en geigertæller ved hånden gik rundt i folks lejligheder og huse med en følelse af, at der hvert øjeblik kunne træde nogen ind ad døren. Da atomreaktoren på atomværket ved byerne Pripjat og Tjernobyl i Ukraine nedsmeltede og eksploderede, skabte det en verdenskatastrofe. Lokalt og globalt. Heldigvis for Danmark var vindretningen gunstig den forårsdag i april i 1986.I dag ligger store områder øde omkring reaktoren i sin sarkofag. Som et moderne Pompeji vidner byernes golde bygninger og tomme gader om en katastrofe, der kom bag på alle. Og om en befolkning, der i al hast og stilhed blev forflyttet. Børn og voksne, unge og gamle. Tjernobyl er – set fra et dansk og europæisk perspektiv – hele historien om atomulykken inde fra sovjettidens magtfulde korridorer og med et udsyn til den globale verdensorden, den kolde krig og til Tjernobyl som årsagen til Sovjetunionens endelige fald. I dag står vi tilbage med et evigt problem, som bogens fotos så grusomt og smukt bevidner. Peter Suppli Benson er journalist og udlandskorrespondent på Berlingske.

”Atomkraft. Alt det ingen har fortalt os” er en tour de force gennem alt det, vi troede, vi vidste om atomkraft, men som tit viser sig at være forkert. Fx findes det ikke et eneste eksempel på, at kvinder, der har været udsat for selv meget høje doser radioaktivitet, har født ”sjove børn” med handicap af den grund.I bogen gennemgår forfatteren de mange argumenter, der findes imod a-kraft, og påviser, at en stor del er baseret på fordomme og myter uden hold i virkeligheden.”Alt det ingen har fortalt os om atomkraft” bygger på et hav af videnskabelige kilder, men den er skrevet i et fortællende, letflydende og letlæst sprog, hvor læseren samtidig kommer med på en række øjenåbnende rejser rundt om i verden.Tag fx med til Gabon, hvor der engang fandtes naturlig atomkraft i jorden, til Lolland, hvor et bølgende landskab af nyanlagte bakker skjuler noget af Danmarks vindmølleaffald, og til Ukraine, hvor strålingen i landsbyen Tjernobyl er mindre end i metroen under Kongens Nytorv i København.Du behøver (slet ikke) være energi-, politik- eller fysiknørd for at læse med. Men der er garanti for, at du efter endt læsning har været godt underholdt og samtidig fået en masse ny viden.Der er tale om en opdateret udgave af ISBN 9788793716698, blandt andet med et forord af Lars Rebien Sørensen, formand for Novo Nordisk Fonden, der har doneret 120 millioner kr. til forskning i atomkraft.Anmeldelse i Weekendavisen:Forfatteren ”går i flæsket på årtiers myter om atomkraft ... Sproget er så direkte som en transskriberet TED Talk ... Der er ikke andre bøger på det danske marked, der så højtråbende og veloplagt dissekerer atomkraftens farer.”Om forfatteren:Hans Jørgen Nielsen er direktør for konsulenthuset Slotsholm ApS. Han har tidligere arbejdet som politisk journalist og spindoktor og har været tilknyttet en lang række regeringsnedsatte kommissioner. Han har udgivet flere bøger om at skrive, hvilket hans firma underviser beslutningstagere og embedsmænd i. Desuden er han forfatter til bogen Farligt (Gyldendal 2018).

Characterization, Properties and Methods of Spent Nuclear Fuel is a comprehensive reference focused on the backend of the nuclear fuel cycle. It is paramount that researchers and engineers involved with spent fuel have a deep understanding of the specific fuel they are handling for both safety and economic reasons, and this book presents various opportunities to optimize both nuclear facilities and processes. It starts with a summary of the topic before presenting a broad and deep analysis of the methods available, including transport, storage, disposal, reprocessing, and accidents. Fuel characterization is then presented alongside various methods, measurements, codes and calculations which the reader can follow and apply to their own research or setting. With a focus on decision making and safety, this book will benefit all readers involved in spent nuclear fuel and will equip them with a clear understanding of the safest and most economical approaches which best suit their specific setting.

This book proposes and develops the equilibrium compound nucleus post-fission theory, a powerful tool for studying the fission process and making numerical calculations of post-fission nuclear data. It begins with a detailed historical background on fission theory and covers fundamental concepts, such as the Bohr-Wheeler formula and time dependent nuclear density functional theory.The authors explain the kinematics of heavy-ion collisions and develop a heavy-ion spherical optical model. They also present the theoretical methods for calculating the yield, kinetic energy distribution, and angular distribution of fission fragments in the initial state of fission. In addition, readers are provided with the method for calculating the prompt neutron and prompt gamma-ray data as well as the proportion of the isomeric state nucleus and independent yield from the initial yield of the fission fragments. Using the nuclear decay data of the fission products, a method for calculating thecumulative yield and decay heat of the fission fragments is also given. A fission delayed neutron simplification model is proposed and the theoretical method for calculating the total contribution of three fission channels to post-fission nuclear data is provided.This book concludes with a step-by-step guide on numerical calculations for post-fission nuclear data and a Fortran program for optimizing the best theoretical model parameters. It is ideal for both junior and senior researchers in nuclear physics, as well as graduate students who are interested learning about the subject. Given the current interest in post-fission and the tremendous experimental and theoretical efforts in studying it, this book serves as a timely and comprehensive resource for the nuclear physics community.

Fusion Technology R&D Priorities examines the current landscape of fusion technology. With a strong focus on technological advances, this book considers technical challenges and priorities to further the development of fusion research. Beginning with an introduction to fusion technology research and development, this book then presents an overview of basic magnetic fusion concepts and worldwide pathways to fusion energy. Subsequent chapters then take a deep dive into fusion materials R&D, capabilities of potential neutron sources for materials testing, plasma facing components, and plasma diagnostics, heating, and control. Breeding blanket and tritium system, vacuum vessels, and the shielding system are also highlighted, before concluding with safety features and environmental and social issues. Presenting the most advanced developments in nuclear fusion R&D, this is an essential read for researchers and engineers interested in nuclear energy and fusion technology.

This book serves as an introduction to boundary plasma physics, providing an accessible entry point to the topic of plasma exhaust in magnetic confinement devices. While it delivers a concise, rigorous, and comprehensive account of all the major scientific topics relevant to those working on the subject, it also remains accessible and easy to consult due to its modular and compact structure. Beginning with the basic kinetic and fluid descriptions of plasma, and advancing through plasma-surface interactions, filamentary transport and plasma detachment, to conclude with a discussion of divertor configurations, this book represents a necessary and timely addition to the literature on the fast-growing field of boundary plasma physics. It will appeal to experienced theoreticians or experimentalists looking to enter the field as well as graduate students wishing to learn about it.

Thermal Energy Storage in Porous Media: Design and Applications introduces the new design concepts and operation strategies for the core part of heat and mass transfer in thermal energy storage tanks. With a strong focus on design, operation and optimization, the book presents the latest advances in thermal energy storage. Opening with an introduction to latent heat thermal storage, the book then discusses porous media enhanced thermal storage classifications, methods and characterizations. Subsequent topics include energy charging/discharging system design, numerical simulation models and verification, and an analysis of various melting/solidification laws. Finishing with a detailed presentation of applications and containing case studies and real-world examples throughout, this is an essential read for graduate students, researchers and engineers interested in thermal engineering, energy systems, and renewable energy.

NUCLEAR POWER WILL SLOW OUR RESPONSE TO CLIMATE CHANGE AND INCREASE THE RISK OF WEAPONS PROLIFERATION AND CATASTROPHE

The year is 2027. A 19-year-old science polymath, Amy Austin, takes on environmentalist and Academy Award-winning actor Josh Manning in a debate over the fate of a nuclear plant in rural Michigan. But all is not as it seems. Amy is building a new nuclear reactor. The technology is 30 years ahead...Small...Light...Safe...Powerful...and Affordable.The world energy market, already in disarray, is controlled by some of the most powerful people on Earth who start making their moves ahead of the disruption they know Amy's reactor will cause. A Chain Reaction ripples around the globe. As an ecoterrorist cell moves against Amy, her loyal group of unlikely characters risks everything to protect and help her. There is no going back. Time is running out. It's now or never in a breathtaking and dangerous race to save the planet. From ourselves.Reviews"A fun read, this story also provides a nice peek at some commercial nuclear energy history using an engaging female protagonist and an exciting plot. The book is entertaining, at the very least. Even more, it's a great representation of how the competence and leadership of female scientists can change the world. Amy Austin for President!" -- Teresa Weinmeister, STEM advocate and nuclear plant instrumentation and control systems marketing manager"If you want to learn more about nuclear energy and be entertained at the same time, Chain Reaction is the hottest ticket in town." -- Ryan Pickering, Energy Policy Researcher

This volume provides an overview of the political economy of coal in diverse country contexts.Coal is the largest source of greenhouse gas emissions globally, accounting for about 40 percent of energy-related CO2 emissions. Continued construction of coal-fired power plants could make the climate targets of the Paris Agreement infeasible to achieve. In spite of sharply declining costs for renewable energy sources, many countries still heavily rely on coal to meet their energy demand. The predominance of coal can only be adequately understood in light of the political factors that determine energy policy formulation. To this end, this edited volume assembles a wide variety of case studies exploring the political economy of coal for across the globe. These includes industrial and developing nations, coal importers and exporters as well as countries that are either substantial coal users, are just beginning to ramp up their capacities, or have already initiated a coal phase-out. Importantly, all case studies are structured along a unifying framework that focuses on the central actors driving energy policy formulation, their main objectives as well as the context that determines to what extent they can influence policy making. This large set of comparable studies will permit drawing conclusions regarding key similarities as well as differences driving coal use in different countries.This book will be of great interest to students and scholars of energy, climate change, resource management, and sustainable development. It will also appeal to practitioners and policymakers involved in sustainable development.The Open Access version of this book, available at www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution- Non Commercial- No Derivatives 4.0 license.

The Fukushima disaster invites us to look back and probe how nuclear technology has shaped the world we live in, and how we have come to live with it. Since the first nuclear detonation (Trinity test) and the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, all in 1945, nuclear technology has profoundly affected world history and geopolitics, as well as our daily life and natural world. It has always been an instrument for national security, a marker of national sovereignty, a site of technological innovation and a promise of energy abundance. It has also introduced permanent pollution and the age of the Anthropocene. This volume presents a new perspective on nuclear history and politics by focusing on four interconnected themes-violence and survival; control and containment; normalizing through denial and presumptions; memories and futures-and exploring their relationships and consequences. It proposes an original reflection on nuclear technology from a long-term, comparative and transnational perspective. It brings together contributions from researchers from different disciplines (anthropology, history, STS) and countries (US, France, Japan) on a variety of local, national and transnational subjects. Finally, this book offers an important and valuable insight into other global and Anthropocene challenges such as climate change.

This book is an extensive and detailed guide to the subject of materials ageing in light-water nuclear reactors. Proper management of materials degradation is essential for the safe, reliable, and economic operation of nuclear power plants across the globe. This handbook features a stunning and thorough observational treatment of the key materials degradational phenomena in light-water reactors, capturing the results of some typical destructive examinations that have been carried out to understand and furthermore mitigate these failures. It provides a comprehensive collection of unique photographs, detailed schematics, concise analyses, as well as precise measurements and expert recommendations. It is organized in such a manner that engineers and scientists can use the observations presented to not only arrive at their own conclusions but also subsequently improve their knowledge of specific materials ageing issues.This handbook is supported by the Materials Ageing Institute (MAI) and Electricite de France (EDF) and is an extensive update to the previous edition, featuring up-to-minute information to reflect the state of the art as of 2020. Since its founding in 2008, the MAI has succeeded in expanding its membership and today represents two-thirds of the world's installed nuclear power capacity, benefiting from nearly 5,000 years of combined experience in reactor operation. The vast archive of past observational data and world-leading expert recommendations presented in this handbook leverage the unique expertise of the MAI in studying the key degradation phenomena of materials to ensure the secure and sustainable operation of carbon-free electricity production. It is a must-have on the desks of any engineers or researchers involved in ageing management for light-water reactors.

This book provides the reader with a modern and comprehensive overview of nuclear polarization theory. The understanding of polarization phenomena greatly enriches data obtained from scattering and nuclear reactions by providing information on the interaction that can change spin orientation as well as important verification data for the study of nuclear structures and reaction mechanisms. The author methodically derives the polarization theory of nuclear reactions for various types of elastic scattering and two-body direct reactions between particles of different spin and unpolarized target nuclei with arbitrary spin, as well as the reactions between two polarized light particles and the polarization theory for photon beams. In addition, the polarization theories of relativistic nuclear reactions are rigorously covered in great scope and detail. A chapter on polarized particle transport theory presents the Monte-Carlo method for describing the transport of polarized particles and formalizes the polarized particle transport equation. Here, the author also illustrates a novel and concrete scheme for establishing a polarization nuclear database.Nuclear polarization is important not only for microscopic nuclear structure and reaction studies but also for nuclear engineering, applied nuclear physics, and medical physics. With the development of radioactive beam facilities and, on the theoretical side, the development of consistent microscopic nuclear reaction and structure theories, this book on the polarization theory of nuclear reactions serves as a timely source of reference for students and researchers alike.

This books explains a strategy that a country can meet its CO2 emission reduction targets (e.g., as are in Paris Agreement) with a dominant share of nuclear power with a balanced energy supply mix. The book starts with an introduction to the subject of energy policy, mechanisms, and CO2 emissions, and the complexity of the CO2 reduction goal. It introduces the system dynamics approach as a solution modeling approach for dealing with the complexity of CO2 reducing policies and mechanisms. The book presents the dynamic model and its key parameters and then elaborates the structural and behavioral validity of the dynamic model.The book gives an intensive review to do that comparative analysis involving China, India, Saudi Arabia, UAE, and Pakistan. The last half of the book focuses on the case in Pakistan. The author reviews Pakistan¿s Intended Nationally Determined Contribution and other key sources from Pakistan¿s Ministry of Energy and related institutions. Using Pakistan¿s case data, the author applies the system dynamics modeling approach whereby a dynamic model, capable of representing the important interactions among various sectors of the electricity supply sector of Pakistan. This book is intended to be of use to policymakers, managers and practitioners, teachers, researchers, and students of design and assessment of policymaking for the complex, dynamic energy systems

This textbook provides a comprehensive introduction to the physics of laser-plasma interactions (LPI), based on a graduate course taught by the author. The emphasis is on high-energy-density physics (HEDP) and inertial confinement fusion (ICF), with a comprehensive description of the propagation, absorption, nonlinear effects and parametric instabilities of high energy lasers in plasmas.The recent demonstration of a burning plasma on the verge of nuclear fusion ignition at the National Ignition Facility in Livermore, California, has marked the beginning of a new era of ICF and fusion research. These new developments make LPI more relevant than ever, and the resulting influx of new scientists necessitates new pedagogical material on the subject. In contrast to the classical textbooks on LPI, this book provides a complete description of all wave-coupling instabilities in unmagnetized plasmas in the kinetic as well as fluid pictures, and includes a comprehensive description of the optical smoothing techniques used on high-power lasers and their impact on laser-plasma instabilities. It summarizes all the key developments from the 1970s to the present day in view of the current state of LPI and ICF research; it provides a derivation of the key LPI metrics and formulas from first principles, and connects the theory to experimental observables.With exercises and plenty of illustrations, this book is ideal as a textbook for a course on laser-plasma interactions or as a supplementary text for graduate introductory plasma physics course. Students and researchers will also find it to be an invaluable reference and self-study resource.

For over 60 years, scientists and engineers have been trying to crack a seemingly intractable problem: how to build practical devices that exploit nuclear fusion. Access to electricity has facilitated a standard of living that was previously unimaginable, but as the world¿s population grows and developing nations increasingly reap the benefits of electrification, we face a serious global problem: burning fossil fuels currently produces about eighty percent of the world's energy, but it produces a greenhouse effect that traps outgoing infrared radiation and warms the planet, risking dire environmental consequences unless we reduce our fossil fuel consumption to near zero in the coming decades. Nuclear fusion, the energy-producing process in the sun and stars, could provide the answer: if it can be successfully harnessed here on Earth, it will produce electricity with near-zero CO2 byproduct by using the nuclei in water as its main fuel. The principles behind fusion are understood, but the technology is far from being fully realized, and governments, universities, and venture capitalists are pumping vast amounts of money into many ideas, some highly speculative, that could lead to functioning fusion reactors. This book puts all of these attempts together in one place, providing clear explanations for readers who are interested in new energy technologies, including those with no formal training in science or engineering. For each of the many approaches to fusion, the reader will learn who pioneered the approach, how the concept works in plain English, how experimental tests were engineered, the future prospects, and comparison with other approaches. From long-established fusion technologies to emerging and exotic methods, the reader will learn all about the idea that could eventually constitute the single greatest engineering advance in human history.

We have been hearing it for decades: our planet is riding a deadly wave toward climate devastation. But current actions to reduce carbon emissions are insufficient. In The Green Nuclear Option, William Donald Needham, MIT and Duke graduate, nuclear engineer, and advocate for the Sierra Club, describes what some might consider a radical way to turn the tide but that Needham sees as the most powerful, science-supported way: with nuclear power, the only proven carbon neutral means of generating electricity.From a history of nuclear power's beginnings with the Manhattan Project through detailed accounts of the accidents at Three Mile Island and Chernobyl, Needham does not shy from the ugly side of nuclear power. In being blunt, he addresses the environmental dismissal of nuclear reactors as dangerous and dirty. Needham also explains what has been done to prevent recurrence and makes a financial case for nuclear energy. Needham concludes with hope for the reader: that proven nuclear technology can bridge the gap to a much-reduced fossil fuel future.

This book attempts to look into the genesis of security culture as a concept which emerged with the recognition of the role of the human factor in the context of security. It traces the rapid evolution of security culture into a multi-functional discipline reinforced by supplementary tools such as assessment and enhancement methodologies, reviews practical steps to harmonize nuclear safety and security culture as well as recommends its practical application to address insider threats and their consequences. In addition, it demonstrates how to tailor the generic model of nuclear security culture to meet specific needs of diverse facilities and activities in different countries. Finally, the book discusses several challenges which need to be addressed to make security culture a user-friendly, universal, and sustainable instrument to turn the perception of the human factor as a liability into an asset of nuclear security.

This book introduces novel approaches and practical examples of autonomous nuclear power plants that minimize operator intervention. Autonomous nuclear power plants with artificial intelligence presents a framework to enable nuclear power plants to autonomously operate and introduces artificial intelligence (AI) techniques to implement its functions. Although nuclear power plants are already highly automated to reduce human errors and guarantee the reliability of system operations, the term ¿autonomous¿ is still not popular because AI techniques are regarded as less proven technologies. However, the use of AI techniques and the autonomous operation seems unavoidable because of their great advantages, especially, in advanced reactors and small modular reactors.The book includes the following topics:Monitoring, diagnosis, and prediction.Intelligent control.Operator support systems.Operator-autonomous system interaction.Integrationinto the autonomous operation system. This book will provides useful information for researchers and students who are interested in applying AI techniques in the fields of nuclear as well as other industries. This book covers broad practical applications of AI techniques from the classical fault diagnosis to more recent autonomous control. In addition, specific techniques and modelling examples are expected to be very informative to the beginners in the AI studies.

This book presents a comprehensive overview of Ukraine's nuclear history, beginning from its experiences within the Russian Empire in the early 20th century, through the Soviet period, to the emergence of Ukraine as an independent state that inherited the world¿s third-largest nuclear arsenal.The book discusses the development of the nuclear infrastructure on Ukrainian soil and offers a rich and nuanced background of how Ukraine became an important and integrated part of the Soviet nuclear infrastructure. It further analyzes Ukraine's nuclear disarmament based on extensive primary source material and places the Ukrainian nuclear reversal process in a larger international political context where Russiäs, the United States, and other players¿ actions are interpreted in the light of the impact on the current nuclear non-proliferation regime. Finally, the book presents the nuclear-related development after the nuclear disarmament. It describes the integration of Ukraine into the international community and the role of nuclear power in the energy mix of the nation today. Concluding, Ukraine¿s adaptation to the new security situation after the Russian annexation of Crimea is described and discussed.This volume is a must-read for scholars, researchers, students, and policy-makers interested in a better understanding of Ukraine's nuclear history, the political background of the conflict in Eastern Ukraine, as well as of security studies and international relations in general. The work on this book has been supported by the Swedish Radiation Authority (SSM) in the Nuclear History of Ukraine Project (2015-2019).

The war in Ukraine, with the exposure of nuclear power stations and the danger of atomic warfare, has made the legacy of the Soviet nuclear sector of critical importance.The two authors map the Soviet nuclear industry in a shifting historical context, making sense of a complex socio-technical and environmental history. Taking an innovative approach, this book explores the history of atomic power in the former Soviet Union using the spatial dimensions of the nuclear industry as a point of departure. The key concept is that of the archipelago - a network of nuclear facilities spread throughout the Soviet territory, but mutually reliant on each other and densely connected.The story traces the emergence of nuclear science and technology for military and civilian purposes through to the post-Soviet Russian nuclear corporations as providers of resources and technology. The book explains how nuclear developments in the Soviet Union interacted with processes of environmental and landscape change. The spatial lens offers an analytically fruitful and pedagogically stimulating way to comprehend the nuclear histories of the Soviet Union and its successor states.

Overskrifterne fortæller os, at kloden er ved at koge over, og at det haster med at stoppe udslippet af CO2 i atmosfæren.Heldigvis findes der en lang række af tekniske løsninger, som kommer til at gøre en forskel. I denne bog kan du læse om nogle af disse grønne teknologier: energi fra sol, vind og vand, nye former for atomkraft, brint som drivmiddel og energilager, huse på vandet, CO2-venligt byggeri, Power-to-X og meget mere.Så bevar optimismen. Med klog og smart teknologi kan vi sammen fikse klimakrisen.Fra 10 år.