Elektroteknik

Humans are electric beings. We are managed, monitored, and stimulated electrically. This textbook provides students and practitioners with a solid foundation and understanding of human electricity and the work currently being done to further develop electrical signals for medical purposes and related goals. The book introduces the fundamentals of how biological systems generate electrical signals, covering a wide range of biomedical engineering topics including bioelectricity, biomedical signals, neural engineering, and brain-computer interface. The book is presented in three sections: Part I explains how electrical signals and impulses manage the human body; Part II examines the kinds of electrical signals from the human body and how they are monitored, controlled, and used; Part III looks at clinical use of electrical stimulation toward the human body and how they are being developed for interventions in medicine. The book is also a valuable professional reference for practicing engineers and scientists. Explains humans as electric beings who are managed, monitored, and stimulated electrically;Deals with the electricity of major human organs;Covers a wide range of biomedical engineering topics

Die Elektrifizierung und Automatisierung im Kfz bewirken eine Zunahme sicherheitsrelevanter E/E-Systeme. Dabei stellt die fehlertolerante und betriebssichere Energieversorgung die funktionale Basis dar. Nach ISO 26262 muss die funktionale Sicherheit dieser Systeme quantitativ nachgewiesen werden. Für bestimmte zeitdiskrete technische Sicherheitsmechanismen ist dies ein ungeklärter und offener Punkt. Es besteht eine signifikante Diskrepanz zwischen der tatsächlichen technischen Performance und der ihr nachweisbaren Effektivität. Es bedarf deshalb eines analytischen Nachweises zur Wirksamkeit und Effektivität dieser Sicherheitsmechanismen, welcher in dieser Arbeit allgemeingültig erbracht wird. Das umfasst sowohl die methodische Entwicklung einer universellen und einheitlichen Theorie zur funktionalen Sicherheit als auch die Definition neuer mathematischer Vorschriften zum Diagnosedeckungsgrad. Basierend darauf wird ein erhebliches Potenzial eines prädiktiv gesteuerten Diagnosemanagements konzeptionell aufgezeigt.

This book is designed for both the scientific audience, research and development engineers and the university students. The fundamentals of radio frequency antenna beam forming is explained in this book. The principles of beam focusing and beam steering in near field and far field are visualized with 2D and 3D simulations and compared with measurement results. Besides linear and planar antenna arrays, also conformal arrays, i.e. concave and convex antenna arrays, suitable for certain applications, are investigated and presented. Also related applications of radio frequency beam forming like open loop and closed loop large scale antenna arrays or massive MIMO, which is one of the break-through technologies for 5G and future 6G and involves an extremely large number of antenna elements for the multi-user beam forming, as well as thinned antenna arrays with electrically large distances between the antenna elements are discussed.

This book focuses on advanced optical spectroscopy techniques for the characterization of cutting-edge semiconductor materials. It covers a wide range of techniques such as Raman, infrared, photoluminescence, and cathodoluminescence (CL) spectroscopy, including an introduction to their physical fundamentals and best operating principles. Aimed at professionals working in the research and development of semiconductors and semiconductor materials, this book looks at a broad class of materials such as silicon and silicon dioxide, nano-diamond thin films, quantum dots, and gallium oxide. In addition to the spectroscopic techniques covered, this book features a chapter devoted to the use of a scanning electron transmission microscope as an excitation source for CL spectroscopy. Written by a practicing industry expert in the field, this book is an ideal source of reference and best-practices guide for physicists, as well as materials scientists and engineers involved in the area of spectroscopy of semiconductor materials. Further, this book introduces the cutting-edge spectroscopy such as optical photothermal IR and Raman spectroscopy or terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) etc.

This book focusses on recent and emerging techniques for enhancement of smart healthcare, smart communication, and smart transportation system. It covers topics ranging from Machine learning techniques, IoT, Security aspects of medical documents, Performance of various protocols used in the communication and transportation environment.

This book explains the theory and application of the technologies used in sensors for the measurement of linear and angular/rotary position, providing information important to sensor design, and how they function. A chapter on sensor outputs and communication protocols is included and is applicable to all types of industrial sensors.

This book seeks to provide a combination of Engineering and Production/Manufacturing Management aspects to enable young mechanical engineers to make a confident start at the workplace and eventually ascend to leading positions in the organization.

With industrial systems becoming ever more mechanized and reliant on advanced technology, the complexity of equipment, especially in risky industries is increasing on a daily basis. This title offers the knowledge required by safety professionals to provide and maintain the safety of engineering complex systems.

The numerous numerical design and control examples(with practical specifications) throughout the 23 Chapters of the book allow the reader deep and fast access to a practical but thorough unitary (good for comparisons) methodology in designing and control of LEMs for various applications

Features new research on the contributions of IoT and cloud technology in healthcare information systems for the improvement of patient care and disease management. The chapters showcase the interface between e-health and communication technologies and their contribution to building efficient and secure healthcare information systems.

Volume 2 speaks about Smart cities that emanate from a smart renewable energy aided power grid. The smart grid technologies offer an array of benefits like reliability, availability, and resiliency. Smart grids phenomenally contribute to facilitate cities reach those sustainability goals over time.

Provides an overview of the application of sensors in a variety of intelligent systems and machines. It looks at their diverse applications and uses, their design and architecture, and optimization technologies. Chapters discuss new research in sensors in several fields, such as health care, education, smart homes, agriculture.

This book aims to overcome traditional ray paradigm and provide an analytical paradigm for Nonimaging Optics based on Field Theory. As a second objective the authors address the connections between this Field Theory of Nonimaging Optics with other radiative transfer theories.

Electromagnetic Ergonomics is designed to have a positive influence on public health and worker safety in the work environment and brings broad benefits, in particular with respect to research planning and the interpretation of the results.

This comprehensive guide to agricultural robots is the ideal companion for any student or professional engineer looking to understand and develop autonomous vehicles to use on the modern farm. With world hunger one of the modern eras most pressing issues, autonomous agricultural vehicles are a key tool in tackling this problem.

The text comprehensively discusses the fundamental aspects of human-computer interaction, and applications of artificial intelligence in diverse areas including disaster management, smart infrastructures, and healthcare.

Aircraft Performance: An Engineering Approach, Second Edition introduces flight performance analysis techniques of fixed-wing air vehicles, particularly heavier-than-air aircraft. It covers maximum speed, absolute ceiling, rate of climb, range, endurance, turn performance, and takeoff run.

Focuses on the application of artificial intelligence, blockchain technology, and the Internet of Things to meet the new challenges faced by higher education due to the COVID-19 pandemic. It addresses the growing role of AI in the digital transformation in higher education systems, looking at learning and teaching models.

This book covers a range of leading-edge topics. It is suitable for teaching specialists for advanced lectures in the domains of systems architecture and distributed platforms. Furthermore, it serves as a basis for undergraduates as well as an inspiration for interesting postgraduates, looking for new challenges. It addresses a holistic view of QoS, which becomes nowadays via Digital Transformations less technically and more socially driven. This includes IoT, energy efficiency, secure transactions, blockchains, and smart contracting.Under the term Emerging Networking (EmN), we cover the steadily growing diversity of smart mobile and robotic apps and unmanned scenarios (UAV). EmN supports distributed intelligence across the combined mobile, wireless, and fixed networks in the edge-to-cloud continuum. The 6G driving factors and potentials in the mid-term are examined. Operative (emergency) networking, which assists rescue troops at sites, also belongs to the above-mentionedproblems. The EmN architecture includes the components of SDN, blockchain, and AI with efficient slicing and cloud support.The design peculiarities in dynamically changing domains, such as Smart Shopping/Office/Home, Context-Sensitive Intelligent apps, are discussed. Altogether, the provided content is technically interesting while still being rather practically oriented and therefore straightforward to understand.This book originated from the close cooperation of scientists from Germany, Ukraine, Israel, Switzerland, Slovak Republic, Poland, Czech Republic, South Korea, China, Italy, North Macedonia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, France, Latvia, Greece, Romania, USA, Finland, Morocco, Ireland, and the United Kingdom.We wish all readers success and lots of inspiration from this useful book!

Energy production by utilizing solar power is being improved tremendously nowadays. The PV generated output is less and to boost up the voltage DC-DC converters are utilized and hence it plays an important role. There are many types of converters; here I have utilized Single Ended Primary Inductor Converter (SEPIC) with Voltage Tripler (VT) technique. Then the converter is tested with DC power supply as input under open loop and closed loop applications. And finally the converter is tested with Photo Voltaic (PV) source as input. The proposed converters operating principle, design consideration, performance analysis, simulative results and hardware analysis is detailed.

This book explains the power grid as a hierarchy made up of the transmission, distribution, and microgrid levels.Interfaces among these levels are explored to show how flexibility in power demand associated with residential batteries can be communicated through the entire grid to facilitate optimal power flow computations within the transmission grid.To realize this approach, the authors combine semi-definite optimal power flow with model-order reduction at the distribution level and with a new heuristic algorithm for stable power flow at the transmission level. To demonstrate its use, a numerical case study based on modified IEEE 9-bus and 33-bus systems for the transmission and distribution grid, respectively, is included.This book shows how exploiting the flexibility on the residential level improves the performance of the power flow with the transmission grid.

¿This book presents a critical overview of statistical fiber bundle models, including existing models and potential new ones. The authors focus on both the physical and statistical aspects of a specific load-sharing example: the breakdown for circuits of capacitors and related dielectrics. In addition, they investigate some areas of open research.This book is designed for graduate students and researchers in statistics, materials science, engineering, physics, and related fields, as well as practitioners and technicians in materials science and mechanical engineering.

Ein Kompendium, das die in der Elektrotechnik, Mechatronik usw. üblichen Schaltungs-Analyseverfahren sehr übersichtlich nebeneinander stellt und erläutert. Dabei werden ¿Verwandtschaften¿ und Einsatzgebiete der verschiedenen Verfahren deutlich herausgestellt und abgegrenzt. Darüber hinaus werden auch numerische Verfahren berücksichtigt und es wird dargestellt, wie Schaltungssimulatoren funktionieren. An Hand einer kostenlos aus dem Internet zu beziehenden Demoversion des Schaltungssimulators LTspice wird dem Leser auch praktisches "Simulations-Know-How" vermittelt. Das Buch ist besonders für Studierende in Bachelorstudiengängen geeignet.

The book starts from the existed problems in fault analysis of the lumped-parameter circuit model. It firstly introduces the basic electromagnetic phenomenon, uniform transmission line guided electromagnetic waves, multi-conductor system guided electromagnetic waves, fault generated travelling waves; then it introduces series of the traveling waves based protections, which includes principle, technology and application in practical power grid; it also discusses the travelling waves based fault location and the travelling waves based fault feeder selector in China. It systemically reveals the essential features of the fault traveling wave and concludes the analytical solutions of the transient fault traveling waves and the modulus maxima representation of the dyadic wavelet transform of fault traveling waves. Finally, the book analyzes the acquisition of traveling waves and the sensor¿s characteristics. A unique fault travelling wave test device has been invented based on the theories of the book and will be applied in real systems.