Elektroteknik

¿As carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and other greenhouse gases constantly rise and constitute the main contributor to climate change, temperature rise and global warming, artificial intelligence, big data, Internet of things, and blockchain technologies are enlisted to help enforce energy transition and transform the entire energy sector.The book at hand presents state-of-the-art developments in artificial intelligence-empowered analytics of energy data and artificial intelligence-empowered application development. Topics covered include a presentation of the various stakeholders in the energy sector and their corresponding required analytic services, such as state-of-the-art machine learning, artificial intelligence, and optimization models and algorithms tailored for a series of demanding energy problems and aiming at providing optimal solutions under specific constraints.Professors, researchers, scientists, engineers, and students in energy sector-related disciplines are expected to be inspired and benefit from this book, along with readers from other disciplines wishing to learn more about this exciting new field of research.

This book includes original, peer-reviewed research papers from the 2023 4th International Symposium on Insulation and Discharge Computation for Power Equipment (IDCOMPU2023), held in Wuhan, China. The topics covered include but are not limited to: insulation, discharge computations, electric power equipment, and electrical materials. The papers share the latest findings in the field of insulation and discharge computations of electric power equipment, making the book a valuable asset for researchers, engineers, university students, etc.

Das Buch gibt einen Einblick in die heutige Betriebsmesstechnik einschließlich der Analysentechnik, ohne dabei Anspruch auf Vollständigkeit zu erheben. Für den Studierenden stellt das Buch neben den einschlägigen Lehr- und Handbüchern eine Einführung dar. Dem im Beruf stehenden Ingenieur vermittelt es einen raschen Überblick über ihm nicht vertraute Messverfahren und Geräte.In diesem Buch werden nicht nur die Bauelemente der Messtechnik transparent dargestellt, sondern auch die analogen Komponenten, die für den Aufbau von Mess-, Steuer- und Regelungssystemen notwendig sind.Den theoretischen Grundlagen und den Messverfahren ist ebenso breiter Raum gewidmet wie der Beschreibung von Systemen bzw. Geräten und Messeinrichtungen. Durch Angabe von Messbereichen und Fehlergrenzen werden zusätzliche Anhaltspunkte für den Einsatz gegeben, wobei die genannten Werte auf Grund der ständig technischen Entwicklung als Mindestwerte anzusehen sind.Der InhaltGrundlagen Messtechnik - Bauelemente der elektrischen Messwerterfassung - Massverkörperung - Sensoren - Analoge Messsignalverarbeitung - Digitale Messsignalverarbeitung - Messsignalverarbeitung mit MikrocontrollerDie ZielgruppenTechniker- und MeisterschulenStudierende an Fachhochschulen und Technische AkademienPraktiker in Industrie und HandwerkDer AutorDipl. Ing. Herbert Bernstein lehrte an der Technikerschule, Elektroinnung und IHK in München die Fächer Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Messtechnik und Automation. Er ist Autor zahlreicher Fachbücher auf diesen Gebieten.

André Ebel wertet Flottendaten eines batterieelektrischen Fahrzeuges hinsichtlich Fehlerbedingungen aus und generiert daraus unter Verwendung einer Gesamtfahrzeugsimulationsumgebung repräsentative Prüfzyklen zur zeitlichen Rekonstruktion der Fehlerbedingungen. Anhand der Flottendatenauswertung mit Methoden des Maschinellen Lernens identifiziert der Autor das schädigende Nutzungsverhalten fehlerhafter Fahrzeuge. Zur Generierung von kundennahen Prüfzyklen setzt er das tiefe Q-Lernen ein, ein Verfahren des bestärkenden Lernens. Die Kombination der Flottendatenauswertung mit der Prüfzyklengenerierung trägt zur zielgerichteten und realitätsnahen Erprobung von Antriebssträngen bei.

This book discusses the significant aspects of thermal transient testing, the most important method of thermal characterization of electronics available today. The book presents the theoretical background of creating structure functions from the measured results with mathematical details. It then shows how the method can be used for thermal qualification, structure integrity testing, determining material parameters, and calibrating simulation models. General practical questions about measurements are discussed to help beginners carry out thermal transient testing. The particular problems and tricks of measuring with various electronic components, such as Si diodes, bipolar transistors, MOS transistors, IGBT devices, resistors, capacitors, wide bandgap materials, and LEDs, are covered in detail with the help of various use cases. This hands-on book will enable readers to accomplish thermal transient testing on any new type of electronics and provides the theoretical details needed tounderstand the opportunities and limitations offered by the methodology. The book will be an invaluable reference for practicing engineers, students, and researchers.

This Brief presents a historical overview of the Förster-type nonradiative energy transfer and a compilation of important progress in FRET research, starting from Förster until today, along with a summary of the current state-of-the-art. Here the objective is to provide the reader with a complete account of important milestones in FRET studies and FRET applications as well as a picture of the current status.

This book presents novel idea and concepts developed by the researchers/academia and practicing engineers working in the domain of the power sector infrastructures where power electronics infrastructures are used for improving the system reliability and efficiency in on-grid and off-grid systems. The infrastructures of distributed power generation based on wind, solar, hydro and many other renewable energy sources have increased manifold since last decade due to availability of efficient power converters and small rating generators. The application of power electronics switching devices has made job much easier to make such system infrastructures more reliable and controllable. The power quality (PQ) issues in infrastructures of distributed power generation system are a major concern for customers. The custom power devices such as voltage source converter are used to mitigate the PQ and other issues such as voltage and frequency control under different loading conditions on the supply system. The operation of these custom power devices or other power converters is dependent on the duty cycles generated by control algorithm. The scope of control algorithm may be varying from model predictive control techniques, machine learning techniques to other artificial intelligence-based techniques. In addition to it, some classical control algorithm and adaptive-type control algorithm may also be used for power converter operation. This book creates awareness among teachers, research students and industry persons about better utilization of infrastructures of distributed power generation system by making it more efficient with the use of power electronics and its control.

This book provides an introduction to forecasting methods for renewable energy sources integrated with existing grid. It consists of two sections; the first one is on the generation side forecasting methods, while the second section deals with the different ways of load forecasting. It broadly includes artificial intelligence, machine learning, hybrid techniques and other state-of-the-art techniques for renewable energy and load predictions. The book reflects the state of the art in distributed generation system and future microgrids and covers theory, algorithms, simulations and case studies. It offers invaluable insights through this valuable resource to students and researchers working in the fields of renewable energy, integration of renewable energy with existing grid and electrical distribution network.

Electronic devices generally emit electromagnetic (EM) noise to the surroundings and are also susceptible to the surrounding fields. Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) is the ability of the systems to function in the presence of electromagnetic environment, by reducing the unwanted field generation and reception of electromagnetic energy which may result in malfunction such as electromagnetic interference (EMT). EMC focuses on two aspects of system behavior, emission and immunity. The main challenge in the case of emission is to identify the noise source in the system and to find out the countermeasures to reduce the emissions without affecting the functionality. On the other hand, immunity is the ability of equipment to function correctly in the presence of electromagnetic noise. Based on this, systems can be classified as the emitter and receptor. Noise can propagate from the emitter to the receptor through the coupling media. Coupling can happen either through conduction by the shared power supply cables between devices or by the direct radiation between them. In board level design, active components like microcontroller, communication ICs are prone to the external noises. PCB traces in the layout provide the coupling paths to the internal or external EM noises. Using a good immunity EMC model for the ICs, an optimized layout can be designed to reduce the level of coupling that increase the overall system EMC performance. Generally, EMC testing is done once porotype is available. Any failure in the test requires design iteration such as addition of extra filter components or layout changes. This causes delay in time to market and eventually loss in revenue. Nowadays EMC simulation-based design is being practiced at concept level to avoid such losses. It is well known that project cost reduces when the EMC simulation and design is brought in the early design phase.

This book presents select proceedings of the conference on "High Voltage-Energy Storage Capacitors and Applications (HV-ESCA 2023)" that was jointly organized by Beam Technology Development Group (BTDG) and Electronics & Instrumentation Group (E&IG), BARC at DAE Convention Centre, Anushakti Nagar from 22nd to 24th June 2023. The book includes papers on topics, such as energy storage technologies (capacitor & battery), HV insulation & dielectric material, electromagnetic accelerators (rail and coil gun), electron beam accelerators, generation of fast rising voltage pulses, topologies & control schemes in power modules, pulsed nuclear radiation generators, electromagnetic welding, EMI & EMC, HV transmission lines, insulation material, and plasma generators. Papers included in this book impart better understanding of phenomena and intricacies of high voltage-energy storage capacitors and its applications to practicing engineers and researchers and update the latest information on interdisciplinary trending techniques. The book can be a valuable reference for beginners, researchers, and professionals interested in energy storage, pulsed power, and allied fields.

This book contains select proceedings of EPREC-2021 with a focus on power electronics and drives. The book includes original research and case studies that present recent developments in power electronics focusing on power inverters and converters. The book also consists of research work on electrical drives, regulated power supplies, operation of FACTS & HVDC, etc. The book will be a valuable reference guide for beginners, researchers, and professionals interested in the advancements of power electronics and drives.

Es wird vorgeschlagen, den Kalman-Filter-Algorithmus zu verwenden, um denvon ankommenden Raketen zu schätzen und zu verfolgen, um sie durch das Abfeuern von Gegenmaßnahmen abzufangen. In dieser HinsichtVorhersage des Standorts und der Flugbahn des Flugkörpers von wesentlicher Bedeutung, damit die GegenmaßnahmenDer Kalman-Filter erzeugt Schätzungen von verborgenen Variablen, die auf ungenauen Variablen basieren.versteckten Variablen auf der Grundlage ungenauer und unsicherer Messungen. Außerdem liefert der Kalman-Filtereine Vorhersage des zukünftigen Systemzustands auf der Grundlage vergangener Schätzungen.

The book is dedicated to the implementation of different multi-criteria decision-making techniques for various problems concerning planning and operation of the smart grid from the Society 5.0 perspective. It consists of a practical explanation of several multi-criteria approaches and examples of their application to real problems. In this book, the choice of the optimal smart grid strategy in planning and operation is made. Various areas of smart grid problems are analyzed, from the smart grid project efficiency assessment to the electric vehicle charging schedule optimization. The comparison of alternatives is made using different techniques taking into account the presence of multiple criteria of both qualitative and quantitative nature, different performance indicators, and the uncertain environment of the smart grid.The book outlines in clear terms how the electricity grid can be modernized in such a way that it monitors, protects, and automatically optimizes the operation of its interconnected elements, taking into account different stakeholders and criteria and society in general. The book covers various smart grid aspects¿from the distributed generator through the medium-voltage network and distribution system, to energy storage installations and to end-use consumers and their thermostats, electric vehicles, appliances, and other household devices. The book serves as a practical guide for researchers, energy and utility professionals, power system planners, regulators, policymakers, and others in the field.

Mit dem Aufkommen tragbarer elektronischer und mobiler Kommunikationssysteme hat die Entwicklung von Niederspannungs- und stromsparenden Mixed-Mode-Schaltungen an Bedeutung gewonnen. Für den Betrieb solcher Systeme wie Hörgeräte, implantierbare Herzschrittmacher, Mobiltelefone und tragbare Multimedia-Terminals usw. ist die Batterie die Hauptstromquelle. Sie erfordern eine geringe Verlustleistung, um eine angemessene Batterielebensdauer und ein angemessenes Gewicht zu erreichen. Die Entwicklung von Hochleistungs-Analogschaltungen wird durch den anhaltenden Trend zu niedrigeren Versorgungsspannungen immer schwieriger. Die niveaugeschobene Niederspannungs-CMOS-Stromspiegeltopologie wurde ausgewählt und optimiert, um die gewünschten Ergebnisse zu erzielen, indem die Abmessungen der Transistoren und die Vorspannungen variiert wurden. Der Dynamikbereich wurde um einen Faktor von 800µA und die Bandbreite um mehr als 189 MHz im Vergleich zur Referenzarbeit verbessert. Die Verlustleistung hat sich um mehr als 40 % verbessert.

S poqwleniem portatiwnyh älektronnyh i mobil'nyh sistem swqzi wse bol'shee znachenie priobretaet proektirowanie nizkowol'tnyh i malomoschnyh shem smeshannogo rezhima. Dlq raboty takih sistem, kak sluhowye apparaty, implantiruemye kardiostimulqtory, sotowye telefony, ruchnye mul'timedijnye terminaly i t.d., osnownym istochnikom pitaniq qwlqetsq akkumulqtor. Oni trebuüt nizkogo urownq rasseiwaemoj moschnosti, chtoby obespechit' priemlemoe wremq awtonomnoj raboty i wes. Proektirowanie wysokoäffektiwnyh analogowyh shem stanowitsq wse bolee slozhnoj zadachej w swqzi s ustojchiwoj tendenciej k snizheniü naprqzheniq pitaniq. Topologiq nizkowol'tnogo KMOP tokowogo zerkala so sdwigom urownq byla wybrana i optimizirowana dlq polucheniq zhelaemyh rezul'tatow putem izmeneniq razmerow tranzistorow i naprqzhenij smescheniq. Dinamicheskij diapazon uluchshilsq w 800 mkA raz, a polosa propuskaniq - bolee chem na 189 MGc po srawneniü s ätalonnoj rabotoj. Rasseiwaemaq moschnost' uluchshilas' bolee chem na 40 %.

This book, drawing on fresh scholarship, investigates electrification in new places and across different time periods. While much of our understanding of electrification as a historical process is based on the seminal work done by Thomas P. Hughes in Networks of Power (1983), the scholars in this volume expand and revise Hughes¿ systems approach to suggest that electrification is a heterogeneous and contingent process. Moreover, the contributors suggest that the conquest of the world by electricity remains incomplete despite more than a century elapsing. Above all, though, this book provides context for thinking about what lies ahead as humans continue their conquest of the earth through electricity. As we become increasingly dependent on electricity to power our lights, heat and cool our homes, turn the wheels of industry, and keep our information systems humming, so we are ever more vulnerable when the grid runs into trouble.Chapter "Surveying the Landscape: The Oil Industry and Alternative Energy in the 1970s" is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

Mobile money in Africa" is a book celebrating the revolutionary invention of mobile money in Kenya in 2007. This simple but powerful tool has promoted financial inclusion and improved the standard of living of the African population. The book explores the many issues surrounding mobile money, such as its potential as a monetary standard, the use of mobile phones as mobile banks, secure transactions, interoperability and the emergence of a digital financial ecosystem. The author also examines the mobile money development strategies implemented by the various stakeholders, such as the population, public authorities, banks, insurance companies, ICT players and the private commercial sector. A collaborative approach is proposed, involving banks and mobile operators, to maximise the benefits of mobile money. Finally, the book presents a case study on Côte d'Ivoire, a regional leader in mobile money in West Africa.

Mobile money in Africa" é um livro que celebra a invenção revolucionária do dinheiro móvel no Quénia em 2007. Esta ferramenta simples mas poderosa promoveu a inclusão financeira e melhorou o nível de vida da população africana. O livro explora as muitas questões que envolvem o dinheiro móvel, tais como o seu potencial como padrão monetário, a utilização de telemóveis como bancos móveis, transacções seguras, interoperabilidade e a emergência de um ecossistema financeiro digital. O autor examina também as estratégias de desenvolvimento do dinheiro móvel implementadas pelas várias partes interessadas, como a população, as autoridades públicas, os bancos, as companhias de seguros, os intervenientes nas TIC e o sector comercial privado. É proposta uma abordagem colaborativa, envolvendo bancos e operadores móveis, para maximizar os benefícios do dinheiro móvel. Finalmente, o livro apresenta um estudo de caso sobre a Costa do Marfim, um líder regional em dinheiro móvel na África Ocidental.

Os biossensores fotónicos são amplamente utilizados para medir componentes biológicos como o sangue, a urina, a glicose, os contaminantes da água e muitos outros analitos. O importante mérito da utilização de biossensores fotónicos é a sua sensibilidade, resposta, fiabilidade e estabilidade. Recentemente, foram realizados muitos estudos teóricos e experimentais sobre cristais fotónicos bidimensionais, uma vez que é muito mais difícil fabricar cristais fotónicos tridimensionais. A maioria das estruturas bidimensionais é feita de varetas dieléctricas no ar, ou de orifícios de ar numa matriz dieléctrica. A intersecção destas barras com um plano perpendicular forma uma rede bidimensional. Foram estudadas várias estruturas, tais como a rede quadrada [9], a rede triangular [10] e a estrutura de grafite [11].

Industrial Electronics is a branch of electronics, which is used for industrial applications. It plays a crucial role in the efficient and smooth operation of manufacturing facilities and industrial processes. This book introduces the commonly used building blocks in industrial electronics. The reader learns which circuit can be used for which application. It is suitable as a laboratory manual for courses like: industrial electronics or power electronics.

Analog circuits were and are the basis of radio communications systems; however, some of them have evolved towards digital circuits developed in software, due to the emergence of embedded processors, and the need to minimize their size, power consumption, and maximize their security and reliability. This book describes the SDR (Software Defined Radio) technology and presents some laboratory experiences, in which HackRF One and RTL-SDR modules were used. The aim of this research is to explore SDR technology in order to offer new options for laboratory practices in radio frequency electronics courses. SDR applications with mobile terminal display can be useful for engineering students when implementing their RF practices and measuring transmitted or received signals.

Analogowye shemy byli i ostaütsq osnowoj sistem radioswqzi, odnako nekotorye iz nih äwolücionirowali w cifrowye shemy, razrabotannye na programmnom urowne, w swqzi s poqwleniem wstraiwaemyh processorow i neobhodimost'ü minimizirowat' ih razmery, änergopotreblenie, a takzhe powysit' bezopasnost' i nadezhnost'. V ätoj knige opisywaetsq tehnologiq SDR (Software Defined Radio) i predstawleny nekotorye laboratornye opyty, w kotoryh ispol'zowalis' moduli HackRF One i RTL-SDR. Cel' dannogo issledowaniq - izuchit' tehnologiü SDR, chtoby predlozhit' nowye wozmozhnosti dlq laboratornogo praktikuma na kursah radiochastotnoj älektroniki. Prilozheniq SDR s displeem mobil'nogo terminala mogut byt' polezny studentam inzhenernyh special'nostej pri wypolnenii prakticheskih rabot po radiochastotnoj älektronike i izmerenii peredannyh ili prinqtyh signalow.