Energi, elproduktion, eldistribution og energilagring

This Code of Practice provides a clear overview of EV charging equipment, as well as setting out the considerations needed prior to installation and the necessary physical and electrical installation requirements.

Versatile wooden windows In her book, the trained carpenter and architect Judith Resch looks at what scope still exists in modern window design and construction. The process of simplification is more difficult to achieve for windows than for most building components, since windows, due to their function, must meet high technical specifications. She presents a variety of window design projects that have one thing in common: they pursue a singular design concept using the simplest possible means. All projects are presented in detail with technical drawings and photographs. 10 simple wooden window designs From retrofitting historical windows to the possibilities of DIY design Precisely designed, handcrafted, highly repairable windows

Cyber Security Solutions for Protecting and Building the Future Smart Grid guides the reader from the fundamentals of grid security to practical techniques necessary for grid defense. Through its triple structure, readers can expect pragmatic, detailed recommendations on the design of solutions and real-world problems. The book begins with a supportive grounding in the security needs and challenges of renewable-integrated modern grids. Next, industry professionals provide a wide range of case studies and examples for practical implementation. Finally, cutting-edge researchers and industry practitioners guide readers through regulatory requirements and develop a clear framework for identifying best practices. Providing a unique blend of theory and practice, this comprehensive resource will help readers safeguard the sustainable grids of the future.

This book features a collection of carefully selected papers that were presented at the 4th International Conference on Power and Electrical Engineering, ICPEE 2023. The conference was held in Singapore from November 3-5, 2023, and focused on the latest advancements and technologies in the field of power and electrical engineering. The papers included in this book highlight the need for sustainable and efficient energy sources, as well as the development of new technologies such as smart grids, renewable energy systems, and energy storage systems. They also address the challenges and opportunities faced by power and electrical engineers due to the increasing use of electric vehicles and the integration of renewable energy sources into power grids. The papers are authored by an international group of academics, research scientists, and industry experts, making the book valuable to a global audience in the field of power engineering.

As the world increasingly turns to renewable energy sources to combat climate change, "Power Quality in Renewable Systems" emerges as an essential guide to understanding and optimizing the performance of these sustainable energy solutions. This comprehensive book explores the intricate dynamics of power quality in the context of renewable systems, shedding light on the challenges and innovative solutions that underpin the successful integration of solar, wind, and other green technologies into the global power grid.Authored by experts in the fields of electrical engineering and renewable energy, this book takes readers on a journey through the essential concepts, technologies, and practices required to ensure the seamless integration of renewable energy sources. From voltage stability and frequency control to harmonics mitigation and grid interaction, the book provides a comprehensive overview of power quality considerations unique to renewable systems."Power Quality in Renewable Systems" transcends theory by offering practical insights and real-world case studies, empowering professionals, researchers, and students with the knowledge and tools needed to address power quality challenges. This book is essential for anyone involved in renewable energy projects, electrical grid management, or the study of sustainable power solutions.In a world where environmental sustainability is of paramount importance, this book equips readers with the expertise to harness the full potential of renewable energy sources while maintaining a high standard of power quality. Join us on a transformative journey into the realm of "Power Quality in Renewable Systems" and become a driving force in the green energy revolution, ensuring that our sustainable future is both efficient and reliable.

Plant Intelligent Automation and Digital Transformation: Volume II: Control and Monitoring Hardware and Software is an expansive four volume collection that reviews every major aspect of the intelligent automation and digital transformation of power, process and manufacturing plants, including specific control and automation systems pertinent to various power process plants using manufacturing and factory automation systems. The book reviews the key role of management Information systems (MIS), HMI and alarm systems in plant automation in systemic digitalization, covering hardware and software implementations for embedded microcontrollers, FPGA and operator and engineering stations. Chapters address plant lifecycle considerations, inclusive of plant hazards and risk analysis. Finally, the book discusses industry 4.0 factory automation as a component of digitalization strategies as well as digital transformation of power plants, process plants and manufacturing industries.

In dieser Arbeit wird ein praxistaugliches Konzept für einen aktiven Verteilnetzbetrieb vorgestellt sowie dessen Implementierung in einem realen deutschen Niederspannungsnetz beschrieben. Gegenstand der Untersuchungen ist dabei die komplette Prozesskette eines automatisierten Niederspannungsnetzbetriebs, angefangen bei der Kommunikationsanbindung, über die Bestimmung des aktuellen Netzzustands in Echtzeit, als Basis für einen sicheren Betrieb, bis hin zur letztlichen Flexibilitätsnutzung. Durch eine abschließende Demonstration der entwickelten Konzepte und Methoden im Rahmen von Feldversuchen während des regulären Niederspannungsnetzbetriebs, werden diese unter Realbedingungen validiert. Es kann gezeigt werden, dass eine großflächige Umsetzung des beschriebenen Konzepts praktikabel ist, wodurch perspektivisch eine Spannungsebenen übergreifende Bereitstellung von Flexibilität aus den Verteilnetzen ermöglicht werden kann, wenngleich der Investitionsbedarf dem gegenübersteht.

Deine neue Solaranlage ist Vertrauenssache.Willkommen in unserem Universalratgeber Photo- voltaik, einem umfassenden Buch rund um das Thema Solarenergie ¿ von der Theorie bis zur Praxis. In eine Solaranlage zu investieren, ist wohl die beste Entscheidung die du als Hausbesitzer im Moment treffen kannst. Lass mich kurz erklären, weshalb ich dieser Überzeugung bin. Zum Einen sind die Energiepreise unbe- rechenbar geworden. Etwas unabhängiger von Strom- oder Gasversorgern zu werden und gleichzeitig auch noch Kosten zu sparen, ist ein wich- tiger Aspekt. Andere wollen so autark wie möglich sein, um sich zum Beispiel bei einem Stromausfall selbst versorgen zu können. Darüber hinaus ist auch der Umweltgedanke wichtig: CO2-Emissionen einsparen durch selbst auf dem Dach produzierten, grünen Sonnenstrom. Und damit nicht nur dir selbst, sondern auch dem Klima etwas Gutes tun. Eine Solaranlage ist heute so preisgünstig und so einfach zu erwerben wie noch nie zuvor. Dieses Buch soll aufzeigen, worauf du achten solltest, wenn du mit einem Anbieter sprichst, damit du viele Jahre Freude an deiner neuen Anlage hast, unabhängiger bist und natürlich auch jede Menge CO2 einsparst. Für Dich, für deine Kinder und für deren Kinder.

This concise overview covers decentralised self-organising units in smart grids. These will help keep future smart grids operational in the face of numbers of distributed intermittent generators and loads overwhelming traditional IT. Applications include economic dispatch, voltage control, and quality monitoring.

This thesis describes in-depth theoretical efforts to understand the reaction mechanism of graphite and lithium metal as anodes for next-generation rechargeable batteries. The first part deals with Na intercalation chemistry in graphite, whose understanding is crucial for utilizing graphite as an anode for Na-ion batteries. The author demonstrates that Na ion intercalation in graphite is thermodynamically unstable because of the unfavorable Na-graphene interaction. To address this issue, the inclusion of screening moieties, such as solvents, is suggested and proven to enable reversible Na-solvent cointercalation in graphite. Furthermore, the author provides the correlation between the intercalation behavior and the properties of solvents, suggesting a general strategy to tailor the electrochemical intercalation chemistry. The second part addresses the Li dendrite growth issue, which is preventing practical application of Li metal anodes. A continuum mechanics study considering various experimental conditions reveals the origins of irregular growth of Li metal. The findings provide crucial clues for developing effective counter strategies to control the Li metal growth, which will advance the application of high-energy-density Li metal anodes.

The volume contains peer-reviewed proceedings of EPREC 2021 with a focus on control applications in the modern power system. The book includes original research and case studies that present recent developments in the control system, especially load frequency control, wide-area monitoring, control & instrumentation, optimization, intelligent control, energy management system, SCADA systems, etc. The book will be a valuable reference guide for beginners, researchers, and professionals interested in advancements in the control system.

This collection presents papers from a symposium on extraction of rare metals from primary and secondary materials and residues as well as rare extraction processing techniques used in metal production. The collection covers the extraction of less common or minor metals including elements such as antimony, bismuth, barium, beryllium, boron, calcium, chromium, gallium, germanium, hafnium, indium, manganese, molybdenum, platinum group metals, rare earth metals, rhenium, scandium, selenium, sodium, strontium, tantalum, tellurium, and tungsten. It also includes rare metals of low-tonnage sales compared to high-tonnage metals (iron, copper, nickel, lead, tin, zinc, or light metals such as aluminum, magnesium, or titanium and electronic metalloid silicon). Rare metal processing covers bio-metallurgy, hydro-metallurgy, and electro-metallurgy while novel high-temperature processes such as microwave heating, solar-thermal reaction synthesis, and cold crucible synthesis of rare metals are also addressed. Also included in this collection is the design of extraction equipment used in these processes from suppliers as well as laboratory and pilot plant studies.

The subject of this book pertains to the applicability of zero-carbon vector fuels, such as ammonia or hydrogen, in a practical scenario. This monograph extensively discusses the applicability or challenges associated with ammonia fuels for both IC-engine and gas turbine applications. It provides insights into ammonia cracking through catalytic membrane reactors for hydrogen production. This book also discusses NOx mitigation techniques for ammonia combustion, such as MILD combustion, two-stage combustion, porous assisted combustion, plasma combustion, and high-pressure combustion. This book also provides details on the chemical kinetics of ammonia and hydrogen combustion. The book can be a valuable reference for researchers and professionals interested in green energy and allied fields.

Progress in Floating Photovoltaic Systems reflects the huge growth underway in floating photovoltaic systems, covering the latest technologies, new ideas, and practical solutions currently available in the sector in order to support further developments and implementation. The book begins by introducing floating PV, its potential, and its role as the third pillar of photovoltaics, alongside land and roof. This is followed by in-depth chapters detailing materials and design of structures, tracking systems, cooling, cleaning systems, snow load and evaporation, mooring systems, PV modules and uses, hydroelectric coupling, wind load and wave impact, and offshore solutions. The book's final chapters provide measurements of existing plants, economic and financial analysis, and detailed information on environmental impact and mitigation. This book is a valuable resource for researchers, graduate students, R&D professionals, electrical engineers, power engineers and practitioners involved in photovoltaics, solar energy, and renewable energy.

Wearable Textile Energy Storage and Conversion Systems brings together the latest research into wearable energy systems, functional materials, power generation, thermal management, integrated energy systems and storage, and novel smart devices in this rapidly developing and highly interdisciplinary area. The book begins by introducing development, classification, and configuration techniques for textile wearable energy storage and conversion systems. This is followed by detailed chapters that focus on individual types, covering in turn lithium-based batteries, sodium-Ion batteries, zinc-based batteries, other metal-based batteries, nanogenerators, supercapacitors, fuel cells, and solar cells. The book's final chapters discuss emerging applications, integration and large-scale production, key challenges, and future prospects. This is a valuable resource to all those with an interest in flexible energy storage and conversion techniques, flexible and functional electronics, materials synthesis and fabrication, smart textiles, and wearable technologies, including researchers, engineers, scientists, graduate students, and R&D personnel.

This collection is focused on industrial energy sustainability and CO2 management, including processes that improve energy efficiency and reduce or eliminate industrial GHG emissions. Topics address technology areas such as clean energy technologies, innovative beneficiation, smelting technologies, process intensification, as well as CO2 capture and conversion for industrial applications. Areas of interest include, but are not limited to:· Decarbonizing Materials Processing· Use of low carbon fuels, feedstock, and renewable energy resources for materials processing.· Emerging processes and techniques for industrial CO2 capture, conversion/upgrade· CO2 and other GHG reduction metallurgy in ferrous, non-ferrous and reactive metals processing, including rare-earth metals.· Energy Efficiency & Industrial Electrification· Electrification of industrial process heat and electrified production of energy carriers (e.g., hydrogen, ammonia)· Energy efficiency improvements for materials processing and smart manufacturing for optimized process control· System integration and thermal integration of process heat, waste heat recovery, and other technologies for industrial energy efficiency· Sustainability Analysis· Techno-economic life-cycle, resource efficiency and circular economy modeling of energy-intensive processes and associated material supply chains· The role of energy education and regulation in energy and materials sustainability

Embark on a transformative journey into the future of energy with "Power Digitization Unveiled." In this groundbreaking exploration, the digital frontier of power awaits, offering a vision of efficiency, sustainability, and empowerment. As we stand at the crossroads of technological innovation, this book serves as your indispensable guide through the intricacies of power digitization. From the evolution of electrical grids to the infusion of artificial intelligence, blockchain, and smart technologies, every page unlocks the mysteries of a world where electrons meet algorithms. Discover how you, the consumer, are no longer a passive observer but a pivotal player in this digital revolution. Real-time feedback, personalized recommendations, and peer-to-peer energy communities empower you to shape your energy destiny. The book illuminates the fusion of renewable energy, electric vehicles, and home automation, placing the power of change squarely in your hands. "Power Digitization Unveiled" is not just a book; it's an invitation to become a master of your energy domain. Join us on this thrilling journey, as we navigate the digital frontier together and unveil the future of power. Are you ready to be at the forefront of the energy revolution? Let the unveiling begin.

This book aims to work out the distributed economic operation in smart grids in a systematic way, which ranges from model-based to model-free perspectives. The main contributions of this book can be summarized into three folds. First, we investigate the fundamental economic operation problems in smart grids from model-based perspective. Specifically, these problems can be modeled as deterministic optimization models, and we propose some distributed optimization algorithms by integrating the multi-agent consensus theory and optimization techniques to achieve the distributed coordination of various generation units and loads. Second, due to the randomness of the large-scale renewable energies and the flexibility of the loads, we further address these economic operation problems from a model-free perspective, and we propose learning-based approaches to address the uncertainty and randomness. At last, we extend the idea of model-based and model-free algorithms to plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) charging/discharging scheduling problem, the key challenge of which involves multiple objectives simultaneously while the behavior of PEVs and the electricity price are intrinsically random. This book presents several recent theoretical findings on distributed economic operation in smart grids from model-based and model-free perspectives. By systematically integrating novel ideas, fresh insights, and rigorous results, this book provides a base for further theoretical research on distributed economic operation in smart grids. It can be a reference for graduates and researchers to study the operation and management in smart grids. Some prerequisites for reading this book include optimization theory, matrix theory, game theory, reinforcement learning, etc.

This book presents novel idea and concepts developed by the researchers/academia and practicing engineers working in the domain of the power sector infrastructures where power electronics infrastructures are used for improving the system reliability and efficiency in on-grid and off-grid systems. The infrastructures of distributed power generation based on wind, solar, hydro and many other renewable energy sources have increased manifold since last decade due to availability of efficient power converters and small rating generators. The application of power electronics switching devices has made job much easier to make such system infrastructures more reliable and controllable. The power quality (PQ) issues in infrastructures of distributed power generation system are a major concern for customers. The custom power devices such as voltage source converter are used to mitigate the PQ and other issues such as voltage and frequency control under different loading conditions on the supply system. The operation of these custom power devices or other power converters is dependent on the duty cycles generated by control algorithm. The scope of control algorithm may be varying from model predictive control techniques, machine learning techniques to other artificial intelligence-based techniques. In addition to it, some classical control algorithm and adaptive-type control algorithm may also be used for power converter operation. This book creates awareness among teachers, research students and industry persons about better utilization of infrastructures of distributed power generation system by making it more efficient with the use of power electronics and its control.