Miljøvidenskab, miljøteknik og miljøteknologi

Characterization, Properties and Methods of Spent Nuclear Fuel is a comprehensive reference focused on the backend of the nuclear fuel cycle. It is paramount that researchers and engineers involved with spent fuel have a deep understanding of the specific fuel they are handling for both safety and economic reasons, and this book presents various opportunities to optimize both nuclear facilities and processes. It starts with a summary of the topic before presenting a broad and deep analysis of the methods available, including transport, storage, disposal, reprocessing, and accidents. Fuel characterization is then presented alongside various methods, measurements, codes and calculations which the reader can follow and apply to their own research or setting. With a focus on decision making and safety, this book will benefit all readers involved in spent nuclear fuel and will equip them with a clear understanding of the safest and most economical approaches which best suit their specific setting.

"This work brings to life the wonders of our inland waters and the vibrant species that live there"--

Legendary conservationists show us that we still have the power to prevent critical consequences of the sixth extinction in this game-changing book.

Innovative Umwandlung der Merkmale des Ökosystems und der Infrastruktur einer intelligenten Immobilie in ein entwickeltes kombiniertes Supersystem mit miteinander verbundenen Subsystemen der Online-Kontrolle in Echtzeit von Energieversorgungs- und Wasseraufbereitungsmodulen.Das Supersystem umfasst die vorläufige Analyse der langfristigen Entwicklungsprognosen dieses Technologiebereichs, die Nutzung der Analyseergebnisse zur Gestaltung des Integrationsprozesses von 44 kommerziellen Systemkriterien der Bewertung von intelligenten Immobilienobjekten mit 40 + 10 Kriteriensystemen und Methoden zur Erzielung eines idealen Endergebnisses gemäß der Qualifikation der Theorie und des Algorithmus des erfinderischen Problemlösens.Spezifität des Designs und der Logistik der Konstruktion eines Ökosystems eines intelligenten Objekts oder Immobilienkomplexes und seiner innovativen Ökosystemkomponenten als autonomes Supersystem und eingehende autonome innovative Infrastruktur-Subsysteme, die seine maximale wirtschaftliche Effizienz und Umweltfreundlichkeit der Bau- und Betriebsprozesse mit maximaler Einsparung von Energie und anderen Ressourcen gewährleisten.

Innovative transformation of ecosystem and infrastructure characteristics of a smart real estate object into a developed combined supersystem with interconnected subsystems of on-line control in real time of energy supply and water treatment modules.The supersystem includes preliminary analysis of long-term forecasts of development of this field of technology, use of the analysis results to form the process of integration of 44 commercial system criteria of smart real estate object assessment with the systems of 40 + 10 criteria and methods of obtaining the ideal final result according to the qualification of the Theory and Algorithm of Inventive Problem Solving.Specificity of design and logistics of construction of the ecosystem of a smart object or real estate complex and its innovative ecosystem components as an autonomous supersystem and incoming autonomous innovative infrastructure subsystems, ensuring its maximum economic efficiency and environmental friendliness of construction and operation processes, with maximum energy and other resources saving.

Environmental impacts created by the entire textile and fashion supply chain have been an important topic of discussion in recent decades. Different life cycle phases of a textile product from raw material extraction through manufacturing to consumer use and disposal are all responsible for various magnitudes of environmental impact. Mitigating the environmental impacts created by the textile manufacturing sector is of paramount import as manufacturing is a critical point to alleviate the impacts arising from the entire textiles and clothing supply chain. This contributed volume is meant to illustrate and draw useful conclusions from initiatives taken by the textile manufacturing sector and to identify key practices invented and being practiced by textiles and clothing manufacturers toward making the industry more sustainable.

The economic impact of inadequate sanitation is a barrier to progress, constituting 6.4% of GDP globally (UNICEF and WHO). As wastewater generation rises due to improved living standards, effective wastewater treatment becomes crucial. While advanced water recycling technology minimizes environmental impact, its life cycle cost involves notable energy, chemical and electromechanical usage. This study employs Life Cycle Cost Analysis to develop a decision support tool, evaluating three key treatment technologies (ASP, MBBR and SBR) for wastewater treatment based on economic efficiency and environmental impact. The aim is to guide decision-makers in selecting economically sustainable wastewater treatment systems.

This book provides comprehensive insights into the biotechnological process of converting organic matter into biogas, which is an essential renewable energy resource for addressing challenges related to fossil fuel depletion and environmental pollution. It includes six chapters that cover a spectrum of topics, including approaches to biogas upgrading, the optimization of biogas production through examination, mathematical modeling, and applied calculations, the application of bacteriophages to enhance anaerobic digestion, and more.

The book explains the basic concepts of river water quality index, river environments, shifting of river courses, dams and barrages ¿ their merits and demerits, mutual interdependence of river and society etc. in the typical geomorphic set up of West Bengal. In India, West Bengal is a riverine state due to the towering Himalayas to the north and the Bay of Bengal to the south. In between the mountain and sea, due to the location of the Gangetic delta region and its stability with space and time, the rivers of this state are gradually dying. In addition to the stability of the delta, the river channel is being filled with sediments carried along the river course from upstream. The role of dams, barrages and reservoirs in the normal flow of rivers at different geographical locations deserves discussion which is included in the book. It is to be expected that the rivers of West Bengal can be an outstanding example of mutual interdependence of science and society, all of which are included in the book.The use of different physicochemical parameters adopted for the water quality index of different rivers described in this book will provide new directions in this regard. With discussions like water quality index, river environments, shifting of river courses, reservoirs, dams and barrages, and mutual interdependence of river and society, it is the intention that this book, River Systems of West Bengal - Water and Environments, will be useful for the research and higher studies in the river related field. This book will be of interest to students and researchers of riverine environments.

If you've never heard of geographic information systems (GIS), The Power of Where is the book for you, and if you think you know what GIS is, you might be surprised to learn how far it has advanced.From the Ring of Fire to the Fertile Crescent, this book shows through its maps and stories how a growing GIS community is facing down humanity's big challenges. Central to the book is the geographic approach--a way of solving problems that uses spatial location to perceive and understand patterns--from wildlife migration and rising seas to urban planning and food production. Its message arises from a deep human sense of place and conviction that this collaborative approach can help us confront climate change, hunger, water scarcity, inequity, biodiversity loss, and issues large and small in our everyday lives.Explore live examples from the book and learn more about interactive mapping and the tools of modern GIS at thepowerofwherebook.com.Jack Dangermond, the cofounder and president of Esri, is internationally acknowledged as the leading visionary in the field of GIS technology. For more than 50 years he has guided Esri's GIS mapping and analytic technologies worldwide.

"This book explains how to formulate and solve population balance problems, with particular focus on coupling with fluid mechanics. It will be valuable to researchers across a wide range of fields including chemical and mechanical engineering, physics and environmental science, and can be used for advanced undergraduate and graduate courses"--

"This textbook combines the theoretical principles of engineering hydrology with their practical applications. It is indispensable for advanced students in civil, environmental, and agricultural engineering and as a reference textbook for researchers and practicing engineers, bringing them up-todate with modern techniques in applied hydrology"--

Das vorliegende Lehrbuch bietet eine Einführung in die Physik der Atmosphäre, wie sie im Rahmen der Umweltphysik gelehrt wird. Zuerst wird dem Leser die Funktionsweise des Systems Atmosphäre verständlich gemacht. Dazu werden Themen wie Strahlungs- und Energiehaushalt, atmosphärische Dynamik, Zirkulationen, Niederschlagsbildung und der Wasserkreislauf behandelt.Zudem werden die umweltrelevanten Aspekte der Meteorologie und der Atmosphärenphysik herausgearbeitet. Hierzu dienen unter anderem eine ausführliche Darstellung von Diffusions- und Transportprozessen sowie zahlreiche Abschnitte über das Verhalten von Spurenstoffen, mit Schwerpunkt auf strahlungsrelevanten Spurengasen und Aerosolen. Eine Diskussion von Klima-Entwicklungen und deren Bewertung rundet den Inhalt ab und bietet damit einen umfassenden Überblick über das Thema. Änderungen gegenüber der 5. Auflage betreffen insbesondere die letzten 3 Kapitel. Einerseits wurde in den letzten 6 Jahren eine Vielzahl neuer Forschungsergebnisse verfügbar. Andererseits hat sich in diesem Zeitraum auch der Zustand unseres Planeten weiter dramatisch verändert. In der neuen Auflage werden hierzu die neuesten verfügbaren Messdaten und Studien berücksichtigt.Das Buch wendet sich ebenso an Studierende der Physik und der Geowissenschaften wie an Wissenschaftler(innen) und Lehrer(innen), die sich für ihre berufliche Arbeit eine Einführung in die atmosphärische Physik und in die Umweltmeteorologie wünschen. Ein umfangreiches Register ermöglicht das schnelle Auffinden eines Themas, die große Zahl von Quellen- und Literaturangaben erleichtert den Zugang zu weiteren Informationen.

This second edition of the well-received Green Chemistry: Fundamentals and Applications addresses a diverse selection of topics in green chemistry, highlighting the potential and scope of green chemistry for clean and sustainable development.

Sustainable Engineering: Concepts and Practices provides insights into current perspectives on sustainable engineering research. It highlights the drivers, motivations, and challenges affecting the development and adoption of sustainable engineering in various sectors of the economy and how they impact sustainable development. Contributions from researchers representing multiple branches of engineering in academia, government laboratories, and industry present alternative approaches to traditional engineering practices. These approaches effect change, making the design, construction, production, and management of products, processes, and systems more environmentally friendly, socially beneficial, and economically profitable. The book will be a trusted reference for graduate students, practicing engineers, and other professionals interested in developing or using sustainable products and systems.

This book discusses the applications of nanotechnology in clinical microbiology, food microbiology, and green solutions of nanoparticles using microorganisms for a range of benefits. It describes nanotechnology¿s rapid progress in the development of materials used in industry, medicine, drug delivery, and dentistry. The authors further explore how microbiology and nanotechnology separately have proven to be effective for human health solutions keeping an ecological and environmental balance. Domains covered include environmental microbiology, medical microbiology, food microbiology (to control food spoilage), biosynthesis of nanomaterials using microorganisms, water microbiology, nanofluidic devices for isolation and analysis of individual biomolecules such as DNA that can lead to a new detection scheme for cancer, and various fields such as pharmacy, clinical research, agriculture etc. This book will be essential reading to a wide range of scholars and researchers interestedin microbiology along with nanotechnology applications for efficient solutions to cancer detection, biosensors, vaccines research, agriculture, wastewater management etc.

This book explores the comprehensive world of biomass-based clean technologies for sustainable development. The meticulously curated book delves into the latest advancements, process and product development aspects, and socio-techno-economic viability of biomass-derived solutions. The book aims to explore cutting-edge strategies and innovative approaches to revolutionize energy and environmental sectors on a global scale. The book covers a wide range of scientific and technological fields, shedding light on the utilization of agricultural and forest-derived biomass. Multifarious applications in biofuels, biochar, natural composites, construction materials, and value-added chemicals are explored. The book is an attempt to impart knowledge to address challenging aspects like feedstock variability, supply chain management, process optimization, product standardization, environmental impact, net carbon footprint, and economic viability. By fostering interdisciplinary collaboration and harnessing the renewable nature of biomass, this book offers a holistic approach to develop novel and sustainable solutions. Researchers, scientists, engineers, and professionals from diverse backgrounds will find this book to be an invaluable resource. Policymakers and industry leaders seeking to drive the adoption of clean and green technologies will gain crucial insights. Students and academics will benefit from the latest advancements in biomass-based clean technologies, process and product development aspects, and sustainability assessments. This book is an essential companion for those dedicated to shaping a greener future and will inspire public-private collaborations and innovative research endeavours.

A former FBI agent's urgent call for law enforcement to prioritize far-right violence and end tolerance for police racism In Policing White Supremacy, former FBI agent Mike German, who worked undercover in white supremacist and militia groups, issues a wake-up call about law enforcement's dangerously lax approach to far-right violence.Despite over a hundred deadly acts by far-right militants since the 2017 Unite the Right rally in Charlottesville, and the far right's attempts to obstruct transfer of power to a duly elected president on January 6, the FBI continues to deprioritize investigations into white supremacist violence, instead targeting marginalized groups such as environmentalists and Black Lives Matter. In 2005, for example, the FBI labeled eco-terrorists as the top domestic threat, despite not a single fatal attack in the United States.Noting that the FBI does not even compile accurate national data on white supremacist violence, German also exposes the continuing tolerance of overt racism in law enforcement, and police membership in white supremacist organizations. The threat these officers pose became clear when at least twenty-eight current and former law enforcement officials were alleged to have participated in the 2021 Capitol breach.With chapters on "The Rise of the Proud Boys," "A New Approach to Policing Hate Crimes," and "Policing the Police," Policing White Supremacy shows how the lack of transparency and accountability in federal, state, and local law enforcement has eroded public trust and undermined democracy. "Law Enforcement's Role in Resisting White Supremacy" points the way forward to a future where far-right violence is recognized and addressed as the true threat it presents to our country.

Smart nanomaterials are making their presence ever so noticeable in areas like environmental protection and remediation, as well as in many other fields of study. The international team of expert researchers behind Smart Nanomaterials for Environmental Applications aims to spotlight the latest, rapid developments in the design and manipulation of materials at the nanoscale and to concisely present information regarding their novel methods of utilization for the safeguard of the environment, while at the same time apprising readers of challenges encountered and anticipated prospects. The volume illustrates state-of-the-art, actionable content, which is relevant and extremely valuable for those who want to apply this up-to-date knowledge in industry too.

Sustainable Quality Improvements for Isotope Dilution in Molecular Ultratrace Analyses: Fitness for Purpose, Performance-Based Criteria, and Measurement Uncertainty uses a novel Sustainable Quality Improvement (SQI) framework with the aim of helping to re-introduce much needed flexibility and restore accountability and integrity necessary for developing confidence in products obtained with these specialty assays. The book can also be used as a comprehensive reference text for data and information on matrix-specific target analytes detection/quantitation limits, and measurement of uncertainties for planning purposes, congeners profiles, multi-phasic, multi-component and multi-analyte samples processing flow charts, and useful definitions of the underlying technology-relevant terminologies. The SQI framework around which the book is constructed paves the way for the innovative technological solutions described in the book and is powered by three key elements: Fitness for Purpose (Data Quality Objectives), Performance-Based Measurement System (flexibility, latitude), and Measurement Uncertainty (accountability). Together, they facilitate the development and validation of advanced methodologies to resolve many of the contemporary issues associated with continuously evolving and demanding regulatory requirements. A stronger focus on effective performance feedback is demonstrated to help laboratories rethink their own approach to quality improvements.

This edited volume covers sustainable biomass valorization and its application in various sectors.Bioenergy has concerned enormous attention as a promising alternative to conventional energy resources. Abundance of bioresources and their renewable nature provides a distinct advantage to biofuels from sustainability perspective. Biofuels have found increasing applications in the energy and transportation sector in recent years. Blended fuels are being used worldwide. However, several challenges remain to be addressed due to the diverse nature of biomasses and inherent recalcitrant nature of biological materials used as feedstock. This book aims to provide an overview of recent developments in the production of bioenergy and its applications in various areas. Specific emphasis is given to production of biofuels from modern biomass such as agro-forest waste and dedicated non-edible energy crops that do not interfere with food production. The scope of the book covers synthesis and characterization of biologically derived fuels, advances in microbiological methods and enzyme engineering approaches. The book covers techno-economic analysis to identify challenges and prospects for commercialization of biofuels. The directions for future research should pave way for net zero scenario for a sustainable world.The book will cater to a wide range of readers interested in learning the fundamentals as well as advances in the field of biofuels.

Advances in Sustainable Applications of Microalgae discusses different mechanisms used by microalgae to treat various gaseous streams, wastewaters, and pollution bioremediation. In addition, the advantages of the application of microalgal biomass in the agricultural and food/feed sectors are presented and bioenergy from microalgae with a view to sustainability is explored. The present covers the use of microalgal cultures in various applications, such as: the treatment of gaseous streams by removing various contaminants, wastewater treatment through the removal of several pollutants, biomass valorization for agriculture purposes, bioenergy from microalgae, and industrial integration of all these processes in a biorefinery concept. Finally, the book emphasizes the importance of gathering scientific knowledge to overcome drawbacks related to microalgal production and develops the concept of biorefinery based on microalgal biomass for a more sustainable future.

Recycling and Deinking of Recovered Paper, Second Edition covers recent advances in recycling technologies. This second edition examines this new process, which is more eco-friendly than the virgin-papermaking process, and which uses less energy and natural resources, produces less solid waste and fewer atmospheric emissions, and helps to preserve natural resources and landfill space. In addition, the most recent information about the recycling of fibers into various grades of paper and board, the control of stickies, and the effects of recycled fiber on paper machines are also covered. Recycling technologies have been improved in recent years due to advances in pulping, flotation deinking, and cleaning/screening, resulting in the quality of paper made from secondary fibers remarkably approaching that of virgin paper.

Air Pollution, Air Quality, and Climate Change offers a review of the latest advances and developments in the study of air pollution and air quality in the face of continuing climate change. The editors begin with a detailed review of air pollution and its sources, effects, and impacts. In-depth chapters follow on atmospheric chemistry, air pollution meteorology, and take a look at indoor and urban air quality. The editors then explore the connection between air quality and climate change, the effects of CO2 on air quality, and use of carbon capture and storage. Finally, the book closes with a discussion of environmental policy making as well as future considerations for air pollution, air quality, and climate change. This text is a timely and valuable reference for anyone working towards solutions to reduce air pollution, improve air quality, and lessen the effects of climate change.

The Ecology of Sandy Shores, Fourth Edition provides both a holistic and conceptual introduction for the beginner, yet at the same time gives an in-depth and cutting-edge analysis for the researcher interested in sandy shores. There is no other book covering the ecology of sandy beaches, despite the extent and economic importance of these systems. This guide is designed to both introduce students to the basic principles of sandy shore ecology, to serve as a ready reference for doctoral students and researchers working on these systems, and to provide a handbook for land and coastal managers.This new edition will focus on humans as part of the sandy beach environment, including aspects such as global change in coastal systems and its impacts on sandy littoral zones through ‘coastal squeeze’. Further, prominence will be given to resource use, such as artisanal fisheries and to the critical area of coastal zone management and governance. Considering these two main issues, the concept of sandy beaches as social-ecological systems will be developed together with an illustrative framework related to this approach.

Evapotranspiration in Agro-Ecosystems and Forestry: Spatio-temporal Applications presents the progress and advances made in terms of science and application of evaporation, transpiration, and evapotranspiration for various vegetation surfaces, water bodies, and bare soil under different soil and crop management (including different irrigation and tillage management) conditions. Sections on forest and wetlands evapotranspiration and grassland evaporative losses are included, as are the fundamentals of original Penman, Penman-Monteith, Shuttleworth-Wallace and ASCE-EWRI and FAO56 Penman-Monteith equations and their derivatives. The book is an excellent resource to better understand the progression and applications and dynamics of most recent evapotranspiration, evaporation and transpiration measurement and modeling technologies. Case studies will be provided in terms of how different technologies are currently deployed, how data are used for providing information and management decisions to the users.