Miljøvidenskab, miljøteknik og miljøteknologi

Advanced Tools for Studying Soil Erosion Processes: Erosion Modelling, Soil Redistribution Rates, Advanced Analysis, and Artificial Intelligence presents the most recent technologies and methods in quantifying soil erosion, focusing on quantitative geomorphological assessment, soil erosion interaction with natural and man-made hazards using new methods, and technologies that employ GIS, remote sensing (RS), spatial modeling, and machine learning tools as an effective plan for decision-makers and land users.Organized into three parts: 1) Erosion processes and impacts, 2) Advanced computing techniques to quantify soil erosion, and 3) Methods of Soil Erosion, this book will be an invaluable source material for researchers, academicians, graduate and undergraduate students, and professionals in the field of geology, specifically focused on geographic information systems and remote sensing.

Copper Oxides and Related Materials: Properties, Synthesis, and Applications provides a thorough description of the physical, structural, electrophysical, chemical, electronic, and biological properties of copper oxides in one convenient volume. The book focuses on human and environmental aspects, paying particular attention to health, environmental remediation, electronic applications, energy storage, and solar energy conversion. Copper oxides are widely used in many applications such as antibacterial, antimicrobial, and anticancer treatments; as biocide agents against phytopathogens or hospital-acquired diseases; and, they are also a standard material used for superconductivity. This volume thoroughly explores the most exciting and relevant applications of copper oxides, a class of material with a sometimes bewilderingly wide array of potential uses.

Applied Technologies for Clean Up of Environmental Contaminants covers the features of remediation and biocontrol technology, a multidisciplinary field combining environmental and industrial microbiology with biotechnology to improve environmental management. Studying the advanced microbial processes involved in geomicrobiology, aeromicrobiology, microbial loop and nutrient availability, as well as microbial energetics in the contaminated environment with an emphasis on innovative methodologies, the book provides readers with a better understanding of basic microbiology, allowing them to comprehend the mechanism and behavior of various biochemical processes that are used in bioremediation and biocontrol technologies.Including coverage of key subjects such as management of waste, energy generation, restoration processes, water treatment processes, co-metabolism, and nutrient recycling as well as emerging advances in environmental microbial biotechnology, green nanotechnology, metagenomic and proteomic strategies, DNA microarray, and biosensor-based technologies, this book provides potential implications for environmental management.

This book covers the challenges and opportunities presented by plastics in the modern era and sheds light on the complex interplay of technology, environment, and socio-economic dynamics. With a thorough exploration of the history, uses, and potential of plastics, the book reviews the impact of plastics beyond single-use plastics, and critiques multiple long-term plastic applications that are significant for food security, water resource management, ecological conservation/restoration, and sustainable urbanization. It also explores frameworks for achieving a more sustainable plastic economy aligned with sustainable development goals.This book comprises 13 chapters, commencing with a critical assessment of plastics in the context of sustainable development and global society. It proceeds with a historical overview of plastics' evolution, showcasing pivotal milestones and innovations in modern industry and daily life. Subsequent chapters delve into diverse topics: the intricate relationships between plastics, food security, and sustainable urbanization; plastics' impact on water safety, management, distribution, and conservation; their potential as an alternative energy source; and their innovative applications in sustainable transportation and energy generation. Emphasis is placed on plastics' role in waste reduction and recycling, as well as the latest sustainable alternatives like biodegradable and recyclable materials. In the book's final sections, readers will learn about green buildings and climate-resilient cities constructed using innovative plastic materials, and plastics' significance in space exploration. The book concludes with a forward-looking perspective on plastics' future, accompanied by recommendations for a more sustainable coexistence between society and these versatile materials.This book is a valuable resource for researchers, policymakers, industry professionals, and concerned citizens seeking to navigate the intricate landscape of plastics, their environmental implications, and their potential for sustainable development.

The book provides comprehensive information on the importance of conserving endangered animal and plant species. There are many species categorized as very likely to become extinct in their own native ranges in the near future. In fact, thousands of species are lost every year, and their numbers continue to increase annually at an alarming rate. The book is organized into two sections on animal species and plant species. The first section discusses endangered animal species such as Chinese pangolins, Pompa cats Galapagos pinnipeds (sea lions and fur seals), and more. The second section discusses endangered plant species such as dragon blood trees and plants native to Hawaii. The book emphasizes species conservation and proposes various strategies adopted and recommended by experts.

This book introduces solid and hazardous waste identification technology in environmental management. The author summarizes solid waste and hazardous waste identification research of more than two decades. It includes a series of identification standards, the list of hazardous waste and case studies to broaden the understanding of readers systematically.

"Considers the long history of ecological burns, the varied ways fire behaves across the state, and the lessons that can be learned from California's largest fires of recent decades"--

Waste-to-Energy: Sustainable Approaches for Emerging Economies presents the latest developments and applications for the conversion of waste into biofuels and other energy products. Divided into two parts, Section I reviews the major sources of solid waste and their management strategies in developing countries, and includes the collection, composition, segregation, and dispersal of various waste streams, as well as the generation of biogas and other value-added products. Section II examines the transformation of waste into biofuels and the management strategies required to efficiently implement waste-to-energy processes. Methods for the production of hydrogen, biomethane, biofuels, and bioenergy, as well as resource recovery are discussed in depth, and mathematical models are provided for anaerobic digestion techniques. The benefits and challenges of waste-to-energy as a waste management strategy are explored through dedicated chapters on the techno-economics, environmental and social regulation, and the operation of WtE plants. The final chapter of the book presents a lifecycle assessment and environmental impact analysis of the technologies and strategies discussed.

Waste-Based Zeolite: Synthesis and Environmental Applications focuses on the use of waste-based materials to fabricate zeolite and its subsequent use in environmental applications. It presents recent progress in zeolite synthesis using wastes products such as fly ash, steel slag, biomass waste, water treatment plant sludge, and municipal waste, among others. It discusses the application of waste-based zeolite for environmental applications such as biodiesel production, as well as considering techniques for recovering spent zeolite. Many industries produce substantial quantities of waste material comprising various hazardous constituents that lead to pollution and threaten the environment. However, such waste can often be a rich source of precursor ingredients for zeolite synthesis, and waste-based zeolites could potentially provide an economically and environmentally viable alternative to commercially available zeolites. This book illuminates this fascinating avenue of research.

Renewable Energy Finance: Theory and Practice, Second Edition integrates the special characteristics of renewable energy with key elements of project finance. Through a mixture of fundamental analysis and real-life examples, readers learn how renewable energy project finance deals mix finance, public policy, legal, engineering and environmental issues. This book investigates the economics of large-scale green power production and incentive mechanisms and how they fit into the global energy industries. It also examines how distributed energy resources such as residential solar and batteries can be financed at the scale needed to play a significant role in the future energy mix. The authors examine how renewable energy projects get financed and built using modern non-recourse project finance structures. It also highlights recent innovations such as Green Bonds and Sustainability Linked Loans that have emerged in the context of ESG investments. The scope of the book is global, and it illustrates how renewable energy project finance has evolved in various places (such as the tax-equity structures used in the United States, due to the corporate tax incentives used there) to cope with local regulatory and policy environments.

Agricultural Water Management in Africa: Lessons Learned and Future Directions provides an overview of the status of irrigation development and AWM practices and technologies in Africa and the global south. In addition, it provides guidelines, scenarios, and investment plans to guide the prioritization and operationalization of irrigation development and AWM under climate change. The African Union (AU) is driving investment and improvement in agricultural water management and transformation in Africa through the operationalization of the AU Irrigation Development and Agricultural Water Management in Africa (AU-IDAWM). The AU-IDAWM provides a framework that identifies four development pathways for enhanced agricultural water management practices across Africa. The pathways are as follows: (1) Pathway 1: Improved water control and watershed management in rain-fed farming, (2) Pathway 2: Farmer-led Irrigation Development (FLID), (3) Pathway 3: Irrigation scheme development and modernization, and (4) Pathway 4: Unconventional water use for irrigation.

This book catalogs the evidence based on the social, economic and environmental effectiveness of Nature based Solutions (NbS) to face environmental challenges and simultaneously provide a better understanding of associated social-ecological interactions.NbS are reframing discussion and policy responses worldwide to environmental challenges. The concept builds on and complements other closely related concepts, such as the ecosystem approach, ecosystem services, ecosystem-based adaptation/mitigation, disaster risk reduction, sponge cities, and green/blue infrastructures. The quantification of existing NbS' effectiveness, their operationalization and replication in different environmental settings are presented here in such a way that allows them to be both widely accepted and incorporated in policy development and in practical implementation.

Biochar as a Multipurpose Platform: With Applications in Energy, Environment, and Materials discusses all the most cutting-edge biochar applications, including environmental remediation, energy storage, composites, and catalyst production, thus providing an expert overview of recent trends in biochar research. Biochar is a solid residue that is recovered after the thermal decomposition of biomasses inert atmosphere. Biochar has been used for many decades for soil applications. Nonetheless, biochar is far more than a mere soil amendment.

Emerging Developments in Constructed Wetlands aims to provide comprehensive, up-to-date information on recent trends and advances in the domain of constructed wetlands. The book contains consolidated insights into distinctive research areas with application potential and commercialization possibilities. It also offers access to updated fundamental knowledge, current trends, and research advances worthy of potential implementations in the field. Although there has been significant research progress in the domain of constructed wetlands over the last years, there is no book available with actual case studies to meet growing demands.

Bio Refinery of Wastewater Treatment: Way to Generate Waste to Value focuses on the exploitation of various wastewater treatment technologies and microbial, chemical, and physical processes as tools for simultaneous value generation during treatment, degradation, detoxification, and stabilization of toxic and hazardous contaminants and restoring contaminated sites. The book provides recents advancements in integrative and cost-effective wastewater treatment strategies and stipulates all pros and cons of each strategy. Bio Refinery of Wastewater Treatment: Way to Generate Waste to Value is valuable to researchers and scientists, who are working in the field of effluent treatment plants/biodegradation of environmental contaminants for environmental protection and sustainable development.

The book "Coal Industry Aerosol Investigation Source Apportionment" provides a comprehensive investigation of atmospheric aerosols around coal-based industries, focusing on source apportionment, distribution, correlation, and risk assessment. The book presents a detailed analysis of particulate matter (PM) and other aerosols emitted from coal-fired power plants, combustion processes, and other industrial sources, and their impact on air quality, environmental pollution, and human health. The author emphasizes the importance of monitoring and controlling industrial emissions to prevent air pollution and reduce the associated health risks. The book discusses the latest advances in atmospheric science, aerosol chemistry, and atmospheric physics that help to understand the sources and distribution of aerosols around coal industries and their environmental impact. The book also presents various pollution control and emission reduction strategies, including industrial hygiene, emission control, and pollution prevention techniques that can be used to mitigate the environmental impact of coal use and combustion. Overall, this book is a valuable resource for researchers, policymakers, and industry professionals who are interested in understanding the impact of coal industries on the environment and human health and developing effective strategies for reducing industrial emissions and improving air quality. It provides a comprehensive overview of the latest research on atmospheric aerosols and their impact on the environment and human health, making it a valuable reference for anyone working in the field of industrial ecology, environmental monitoring, or air pollution control.

This publication examines pollution control technologies and looks at their suitability for use in small-scale agriculture. Agriculture generates pollution that is diverse and complex. This publication explores how small-scale operations with limited resources can control pollution and manage health and safety issues. It compares major pollution control technologies, especially their cost-effectiveness in tackling air and water pollution and the solid and hazardous waste typical in agro-sectors. It provides analysis and recommendations on their suitability for small-scale operations, and offers insights into how environmental standards and pollution load control support environmental quality improvement.

Analyzing rural wastewater management in the People's Republic of China, this publication considers current financing, policy, and institutional frameworks, and proposes ways forward.It outlines the health, social and economic impacts of inadequate wastewater management in rural areas, considers cost recovery methods, and assesses the challenges of pulling in private sector investment. Drawing on case studies and international best practices, it suggests ways of strengthening rural wastewater services.

Agroecology of Edible Weeds and Non-Crops: Ecology and Socio-Economic Potential of Plant Biodiversity is the first book to move beyond the ethnobotanical aspect of under-utilized non crops to explore how to optimize their potential. With case studies of edible weeds and non-crop plants from around the world, including Europe and North America, in urban as well as rural settings, the book highlights the global opportunities provided by these plants. The book includes much needed information for identifying, maintaining, and benefitting from these plant species. It is ideal for agricultural professionals, educators, researchers, and students. Those interested in increasing the diversity of the farming landscape and food systems by means of edible non-crop plants have access to a plethora of information on the ethnobotany of these species. Yet little to no information exists on the agroecological requirements and potential benefits of underutilized edible non-crop plants in the context of sustainable farming systems. This book fills that knowledge gap from identifying edible weeds and non-crop plants, to exploring the ways these plants can be used to economically improve nutrition.

This book addresses geohazards by establishing their unique hydrogeological conceptual site models. Geohazards occur in many forms and scales either naturally or induced by human's activities. Many geohazards such as earth fissure, ground collapse and subsidence, mine water inrush, and groundwater contamination are closely related to hydrogeological conditions and their dynamics. Water, either surface water or groundwater, acts as a resource and an enabling agent that elevates geohazard risks in areas that are inherently vulnerable. The book presents case studies to describe identification and investigation methods, monitoring and early-warning techniques, modeling approaches, and engineering measures to prevent, control, and mitigate these geohazards. It targets students, researchers, practitioners, and decision makers who are engaged in water resource management, project planning, and geohazard control and management.

This edited book brings together a diverse group of environmental science, sustainability, and health researchers to address the challenges posed by global mass poisoning caused by chromium contamination of soil and plants. In recent years, contamination of the environment by chromium has become a major concern. Chromium is a non-degradable, harmful, and toxic pollutant which negatively affects the environment. It is unique among the heavy metals found in industrial wastewater and sewage and sludge, as it may exist as a trivalent cation and as anion in the hexavalent state in the pH range of agricultural soils. It is used on a large scale in many different industries, including metallurgy, electroplating, production of paints and pigments, tanning, wood preservation, chemical production, and pulp and paper production. These industries are contributing larger amount of chromium, which can ultimately have significant adverse effects on biological and ecological activities of ecosystem. Chromium enters the food chain through consumption of plant material. A high concentration of chromium has been found to be harmful to vegetation. As the chromium concentration in plants increases, it adversely affects several biological parameters and eventually renders the soil barren.The book sheds light on this global environmental issue and proposes solutions to contamination through multi-disciplinary approaches and case studies from different parts of the world.This book is a valuable resource to students, academicians, researchers, and environmental professionals who are doing field work on chromium contamination throughout the world.

This edited book is based on the accepted papers for presentation at the 1st MedGU Annual Meeting, Istanbul, 2021. With two parts spanning a large spectrum of environmental, geomorphological and geoarcheological topics and a third part on caves and karst, which includes research studies gathered on the occasion of the International Year of Caves and Karst (2021), this book presents a series of newest research studies that are nowadays relevant to Middle East, Mediterranean region, and Africa.The book gives a general overview on current research, focusing on geoenvironmental issues and challenges in environmental management in the Middle East and Mediterranean region and surrounding areas. It offers a broad range of recent studies that discuss the latest advances in geomorphology, landslides, soil science, paleoclimate, and geoarcheology. It also shares insights on cave and karst studies including speleology, cave and karst explorations, geomorphology, hydrogeology,geoethics, prehistoric eras in karst, geotectonics, and the nexus between human activities and karst sustainability.

This multidisciplinary book provides insights into the applications of the Internet of Things (IoT) to combined sewer overflows (CSO) and stormwater management (SWM) systems. It explores technical challenges and presents recent results to improve sewer and drainage system management using wireless underground communications and sensing in IoT. The book addresses both existing sensing network technologies and those currently in development in three major areas of CSO: combined sewer overflow management, subsurface sensing, and antennas in the layered medium. It explores new applications of IoT in sewer systems to improve public health, foster economic growth, and enhance environmental quality and responsibility for the community.Internet of Things in Smart Sewer and Drainage Systems: Theory and Applications will be a valuable reference for graduate students and academic researchers, as well as a hands-on guide for wastewater technicians, sanitary engineers, environmental specialists, and related industry practitioners.