Miljøovervågning

Das Buch bietet in einem ersten Hauptteil eine Einfuhrung in Stromungsvorgange in der gesattigten und ungesattigten Zone und deren analytische Beschreibung. Im Anschlu wird erlautert, wie man unterirdische Stromungen auf dem Computer numerisch modellieren kann. In einem zweiten Hauptteil werden Prozesse der Stoff- und Warmeausbreitung behandelt. Dabei erfolgt eine analytische Beschreibung von Transport-, Sorptions-, Abbau- und Produktionsvorgangen sowie die darauf aufbauende Umsetzung in numerische Rechnersimulationen. Die Modellierung von Stromung und Ausbreitung wird an Beispielen erlautert. Handbucher fur die Programme zur Erstellung von 3D-Stromungs- bzw. 2D-Ausbreitungsmodellen finden sich im Anhang. Die beiliegende CD-ROM enthalt Software, mit der selbstandig Modelle erstellt werden konnen.

This volume contains the papers presented at the International Workshop "e;Information Fusion and Geographic Information Systems"e; (IF&GIS'09) held in St. Petersburg, Russia in May 2009. The workshop was organized by the St. Petersburg Institute for Informatics and Automation of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SPIIRAS). The workshop continues a series organised biannually, and attracts academics and industrials from a wide range of disciplines including computer science, geography, statistics, mathematics, hydrography, geomorphology, and environmental sciences. The objective of this workshop is to provide a forum for innovative research oriented towards Geographic Information Science and tech- logies and Corporate Information Systems whose close association highlight novel theoretical and practical challenges. The papers selected by the International Program Committee cover a wide range of innovative areas including ontological and semantic approaches for the representation of geographical data, geographical data monitoring, situation management and forecast, to emerging applications oriented to the maritime environment, disaster management and security threats. While traditional topics of GIS conferences are well represented and still being advanced, several new domains appear and stress the need for the development of versatile monitoring systems and decision making systems. While GIS already have a de facto standard for geographical monitoring and analysis, the papers accepted in this volume also illustrate several novel directions of application whose objective is more closely oriented to process modeling and decision making, and where the nature of the objects represented is revisited using ontological and semantic approaches.

Water, Land, and Forest Susceptibility and Sustainability, Volume 1: Geospatial Approaches & Modeling brings an interdisciplinary perspective to solving complex problems in sustainability, utilizing the latest research and technologies, and includes case studies that emphasize the applications of remote sensing, GIS, and image processing for addressing the current state and future needs to achieve sustainability. As forests, land, and water are among the most precious resources on earth, emphasizing the need to conserve them for future generations and, of course, a safe and sustainable planet. The assessment of the susceptibility of all these three precious resources must therefore be addressed to inform their sustainable management. This 1st volume encourages adaptive activities among experts employed in interdisciplinary fields, from data mining and machine learning to environmental science by linking geospatial computational intelligence technology to forest, land and water issues.

The book provides a cross-sectoral, multi-scale assessment of development-directed investigations in the main rivers of wider Central Asia and Afghanistan. The book highlights the development of river systems, water reservoirs, ecosystems and risks as well as the impact of climate change on water resources in Central Asian countries and Afghanistan. It provides information on the genesis of river basins, physical and chemical properties of water in rivers, and the hydrological regimes of the rivers of Central Asia and Afghanistan. The book is useful for scientists and researchers whose work focuses on rivers and the use of water resources, irrigation, ecosystems, risks, water supply, climate change and remote sensing, as well as for students and planners, administrations and other stakeholders in the water sector.

Ende April und Anfang Mai 2008 kam es in einigen Regionen in Sudwestdeutschland zu Bienenvergiftungen, bei denen nach letzten Erhebungen etwa 11.500 Volker von 700 Imkern teilweise erheblich geschadigt wurden. Sofort nach Bekanntwerden der Vorfalle begann eine intensive Suche nach den Ursachen. Dabei arbeiteten das Ministerium fur Ernahrung und Landlichen Raum in Baden-Wurttemberg (MLR) und die Behorden vor Ort mit der Imkerschaft, der Bienenuntersuchungsstelle im Julius Kuhn-Institut (JKI), dem Bundesamt fur Verbraucherschutz und Lebensmittelsicherheit (BVL) und der Pflanzenschutzmittel-Industrie zusammen. Schnell richtete sich der Verdacht auf Maissaatgut, das mit dem insektiziden Wirkstoff Clothianidin behandelt war, ein Verdacht, der durch die chemischen Analysen des Julius Kuhn-Instituts bestatigt wurde.

Ohne die Geowissenschaften ware die technische Entwicklung der Menschheit nicht dort, wo sie heute steht. In Zukunft wird es darauf ankommen, die Umwelt so schonend wie moglich zu nutzen, ohne die Lebensgrundlagen Wasser, Boden und Luft zu ubernutzen. Auch zu diesen Problemen leisten Geowissenschaftler grundlegende Beitrage.Ausgehend von Uberlegungen, wohin sich die zukunftige Umweltforschung orientieren wird, geben die Beitrage des Bandes aktuelle Einschatzungen uber den momentanen Stand ausgewahlter Forschungsrichtungen im geowissenschaftlichen Umweltbereich. Dabei geht es aber auch immer um den zukunftigen Zustand und darum, was die Forschung zur Verbesserung beitragen kann - in der Klimaforschung, in der Bodenforschung, in der Forschung zur Wasserversorgung und zum Umweltzustand, aber auch in der Forschung zur besseren Ausnutzung der irdischen Rohstoffe.

Remote sensing has witnessed a renaissance as new sensor systems, data collection capabilities and image processing methodologies have expanded the technological capabilities of this science into new and important applications areas. Perhaps nowhere has this trend been more evident than in the study of earth environments. Within this broad application area remote sensing has proven to be an invaluable asset supporting timely data gathering at a range of synoptic scales, facilitating the mapping of complex landscapes and promoting the analysis of environmental process. Yet remote sensing's contribution to the study of human/environmental interaction is scattered throughout a rich and diverse literature spanning the social and physical sciences, which frustrates access to, and the sharing of the knowledge gained through, these recent advances, and inhibits the operational use of these methods and techniques in day to day environmental practice, a recognized gap that reduces the effectiveness of environmental management programs. The objective of this book is to address this gap and provide the synthesis of method and application that is currently missing in the environmental science, re-introducing remote sensing as an important decision-support technology.As hyperspectral sensors, soft image classification strategies, nano- satellites, sensor webs and a myriad of other exciting technologies emerge from the research laboratories, a need exists to assemble the relevant principles, methods and proven applications into a focused discussion centered on environmental problem solving. In many ways, placing remote sensing more clearly into a problem-specific context moves us beyond the traditions commonly found in introductory textbooks and demonstrates the benefits that can be derived from this dynamic information technology.This book expands on the material that would be the subject matter common to an introductory textbook in remote sensing by offering a more directed focus complemented by the theory and methods germane to the analysis and assessment of environment qualities and process.