Agronomi og planteproduktion

En klassisk og videnskabelig funderet dyrkningsvejledning om den kontroversielle plante. Hampeplanten er i sin helhed anvendelig til alle mulige nyttige formål og burde genindføres som landbrugsplante i Danmark. Uændret genoptryk af tidligere udgaver, incl. forord af Ebbe Kløvedal Reich. Dog med nyt omslag og lidt større format.

For præcis 100 år siden rejste tre unge danske landmænd til Japan for at opbygge mønsterlandbrug på øen Hokkaido. De var udvalgte og inviterede af Japans regering, der søgte viden om dansk landbrugsdrift, andelstanke og højskolebevægelse.Emil Fenger, Morten Larsen og Peder Søndergaard var de udvalgte, der drog afsted med deres familier for at drive disse mønsterfarme og være forbilleder for udviklingen af en mejeriorienteret lokal kvægdrift. Men pionerindsatsen påvirkede de unge landmænd og deres familier, og de ofte svære og omkostningsfulde erfaringer var på både menneskeligt og økonomisk plan store.De danske pionerer skabte et stykke japansk Skandinavien, og de var medvirkende til, at den nordligt liggende japanske ø i dag er et mejericentrum i Japan.Bogen er en nybygger- og udviklingshistorie om japansk interesse for dansk og skandinavisk landbrugskultur, og om unge danske landbrugspionerer i et meget fremmed land og deres personlige livshistorier.Asger Røjle Christensen (f. 1956) er en erfaren dansk journalist, forfatter og foredragsholder. Han har fulgt udviklingen i Japan og Østasien i mere end 35 år. Han har i alt boet i Tokyo i 13 år af sit liv, hvor han har arbejdet som korrespondent, reporter og analytiker for en række danske og skandinaviske nyhedsmedier, arrangeret studieture og fungeret som rejseleder. Asger Røjle Christensen er forfatter til en række bøger, heraf flere om Japan og japansk kultur.

The gap between the world's future food demand and the growth rate of agricultural production is rising. Food production must increase by 1.75% annually to meet the estimated population of 10 billion by 2050 . But agricultural productivity is falling behind the future demand because of various biotic and abiotic factors. One of the major reasons behind this is volatile weather patterns in the com- ing decades due to climate change, especially in tropical environments. Exploring new arable crop lands, excessive application of fertilizers, chemical pesticides, fungicides, and herbicides may not be a sustainable way to enhance food production. Eco-friendly technological innovations are required to meet the future food demand. An insect is considered a pest if it threatens a resource valued by humans. Paddy crops are affected by hundreds of insect pests out of which twenty are more serious yield affecting pests. In the Indian scenario Yellow stem borer (YSB), Brown plant hopper (BPH), Gall midge, Leaf Folder (LF), Green Leaf Hopper (GLH), and White Backed Plant Hopper (WBPH) are causing around 86% of yield damage to paddy. Integrated pest management (IPM) is a process of resolving agricultural, urban, and wildland insect pest problems with the least possible risk to the environment. IPM focuses on deterrence of pests or reducing their damage through a combination of techniques such as biological and structural strategies.

""Spraying Crops: Why, When, and How"" is a comprehensive guidebook written by Clarence Moores Weed in 1903. The book provides a detailed overview of the importance of spraying crops and the various methods used for effective crop protection. The author explains the reasons for spraying crops, including the prevention of diseases, pests, and weeds, and the enhancement of crop yields. The book covers the different types of sprayers used for crop spraying, including hand sprayers, knapsack sprayers, and power sprayers. It also discusses the different types of nozzles and pumps used for spraying and the importance of proper calibration to ensure effective spraying. The author also provides detailed information on the timing and frequency of crop spraying, including the use of preventative and curative sprays. The book covers the different types of chemicals used for crop spraying, including insecticides, fungicides, and herbicides, and their specific uses and application methods. Overall, ""Spraying Crops: Why, When, and How"" is a valuable resource for farmers, agricultural professionals, and anyone interested in crop protection and enhancing crop yields. It provides practical advice and information on the various methods and techniques used for crop spraying, making it an essential reference for anyone involved in agriculture.This scarce antiquarian book is a facsimile reprint of the old original and may contain some imperfections such as library marks and notations. Because we believe this work is culturally important, we have made it available as part of our commitment for protecting, preserving, and promoting the world's literature in affordable, high quality, modern editions, that are true to their original work.

Industrial crops offer farmers new market opportunities to increase their revenue by producing high-value products, focusing on fiber, forest, and energy crops, industrial oilseeds, rubber and resins, pharmaceuticals, and more. Technological innovations in agriculture have facilitated higher yields, but conserving crop genetic resources and diversity remains crucial for sustainable agricultural production. This poses a challenge that can be addressed through modern tools of biotechnology and genomics, utilizing the wealth of sequenced plant genomes. This book addresses the need for knowledge in managing the risks and conservation of genetic diversity associated with advanced technology. It provides comprehensive coverage of plant genomics and biotechnology, catering to post-graduate students, researchers, employees of seed and biotechnology companies, as well as instructors in plant genetics, breeding, and biotechnology fields.

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is a self-pollinated leguminous crop, positioning third after dry beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and dry peas (Pisum sativum L.) in the world. Chickpea passes by a few basic names, including garbanzo beans, ceci beans, sanagalu, kala chana, and Bengal gram. (Gujrathi), and Chanaka (Sanskrit). The name Cicer is of Latin origin and is derived from the Greek word 'kikus' which means power or quality. It belongs to the Fabaceae family with subfamily Faboideae, having diploid (2n = 2x =16) chromosome number with a relatively small genome size of 740 Mbp. The genome of chickpea has been sequenced. The -738 Mb draft whole genome shotgun sequence of kabuli chickpea variety, CDC Frontier, which contains an estimated 28,269 genes and a few million hereditary markers. In view of seed size and shading, the developed chickpeas are of two primary sorts; desi chickpeas microsperma (seeds little in size, light to dim darker in shading, thick seed coat) and kabuli chickpeas macrosperma (seeds bolder than the Desi types, whitish-cream shading, slim seed coat). Desi chickpeas most noticeable, representing near 80% of worldwide generation. Desi assortments are developed principally in the Indian Subcontinent and in Ethiopia, Mexico and Iran while kabuli chickpeas are developed generally in Southern Europe, Northern Africa, Afghanistan, Pakistan and Chile and too little degree in the Indian Subcontinent. The chickpea is likewise developed in Australia, Canada and USA, principally for send out. The chickpea is probably originated from South East Turkey. Four centres of diversity were identified in the Mediterranean, Central Asia, the Near East and India as well as a secondary centre of origin in Ethiopia.

This edited volume provides state-of¿the-art overview of abiotic stress responses and tolerance mechanisms of different legume crops viz., chickpea, mung bean, lentil, black gram, cowpea, cluster bean, soybean and groundnut.Legumes play an important role in human nutrition and soil health through fixation of nitrogen. Legume production and productivity are vulnerable to different abiotic stresses. A proper understanding about the physiological and molecular basis of the legume crops is essential for genetic improvement of abiotic stress tolerance.  This book consists of 15 chapters covering physiological and biochemical basis, molecular physiology, molecular breeding, genetics, genomics, transgenics, epigenetics of drought, saline, high temperature and nutrient deficiency stresses, and the role of microRNAs in abiotic stress tolerance. This volume offers new perspectives in legume crop abiotic stress management, and is useful for various stakeholders, including post graduates students, scientists, environmentalists and policymakers.

"Characterization of Kunitz Inhibitor from Cicer Arietinum" is a comprehensive book written by Ameya Bendre that delves into the structural and functional properties of the Kunitz inhibitor present in Cicer Arietinum, commonly known as chickpeas. The Kunitz inhibitor is a naturally occurring protein that plays a vital role in plant defense mechanisms against insect pests and pathogens.The book provides an in-depth analysis of the purification and characterization of the Kunitz inhibitor, including its molecular weight, stability, and kinetic properties. The author also explores the crystallographic structure of the Kunitz inhibitor, shedding light on its three-dimensional conformation and interactions with other molecules.Furthermore, the book investigates the potential applications of the Kunitz inhibitor in various fields, including medicine, agriculture, and biotechnology. The author explores how the Kunitz inhibitor can be used as a potential therapeutic agent to treat diseases caused by proteolytic enzymes. In addition, the book discusses how the Kunitz inhibitor can be used as a natural insecticide to protect crops from insect pests.Overall, "Characterization of Kunitz Inhibitor from Cicer Arietinum" is an essential read for researchers, scholars, and students in the fields of biochemistry, biotechnology, and plant science who seek to gain a deeper understanding of the structural and functional properties of the Kunitz inhibitor and its potential applications in various fields.

"Gaurdian Of Green Neem_s Legacy " is a charming account that unfurls the significant story of the neem tree, a plant gatekeeper respected for its complex effect on biological systems, wellbeing, and economical practices. This story digs into the rich tradition of neem, investigating its social importance, biological commitments, and the logical wonders that make it a genuine watchman of the climate. Socially, the neem tree (Azadirachta indica) is profoundly imbued in the practices and fables of numerous social orders. Worshipped as an image of security and health in Indian culture, the neem tree is frequently alluded to as the "town drug store." Its leaves, seeds, bark, and oil have been necessary parts of conventional medication for a really long time, known for their antiviral, antibacterial, and antifungal properties. The neem tree's inheritance stretches out past restorative use, tracking down its direction into strict ceremonies, celebrations, and day to day existence, where its presence is thought of as favorable. Naturally, the neem tree remains as a sturdy gatekeeper of biodiversity. Flourishing in parched and semi-bone-dry locales, the neem's strong nature permits it to get through testing ecological circumstances, giving haven and food to a different exhibit of widely varied vegetation. Its leaves go about as a characteristic pesticide, shielding adjoining plants from destructive bugs. The neem's profound roots assume an essential part in soil protection, forestalling disintegration and advancing water maintenance. As a nitrogen-fixing tree, it enhances the dirt, cultivating a better and stronger environment. Experimentally, the neem tree's inheritance is enlightened by bioactive mixtures add to a scope of economical applications. Neem oil, extricated from its seeds, fills in as a strong and eco-accommodating bug spray, offering an option in contrast to synthetic pesticides that can unfavorably affect the climate. The restorative properties of neem have motivated research in drugs and cosmeceuticals, further laying out its heritage as a characteristic healer. With regards to supportable farming, the neem tree arises as a gatekeeper against bothers and an advertiser of soil ripeness. Its incorporation into agroecosystems upholds natural cultivating works on, diminishing the dependence on engineered synthetic substances and encouraging an agreeable conjunction with nature. This reasonable methodology lines up with the developing worldwide accentuation on eco-accommodating and socially dependable rural practices. "Gaurdian Of Green Neem_s Legacy " is a festival of the persevering through effect of the neem tree, a watchman whose heritage stretches out from the underlying foundations of social customs to the farthest parts of environmental supportability. As social orders progressively perceive the significance of living as one with the climate, the neem tree remains as a motivation and a model for reasonable living - a watchman of green whose inheritance proceeds to flourish and unfurl for a long time into the future.

There are an estimated 500 million smallholder farmers across the world, of which a suggested 60-80% are women. Despite this overwhelming majority, women smallholders remain largely unsupported and their contribution to agriculture is often devalued because of their sex.Women and smallholder farming: Addressing global inequities in agriculture provides a comprehensive overview of the main obstacles and challenges women smallholders continue to face, such as restricted access to markets and education, as well as a lack of control over assets and property rights. The book also assesses the impact of sociocultural factors on women smallholder farmers in different regions around the world, including Africa, Asia, Latin America and the Middle East. In highlighting these issues, the book considers how key stakeholders across the agri-food supply chain can support, empower and sufficiently compensate women smallholder farmers for their contribution to agriculture.Edited by two internationally-renowned experts on gender and agriculture, the book will be a standard reference for university and other researchers studying smallholder farming systems in departments of agricultural science, gender studies, international development, politics and development economics, as well as government and non-governmental organisations (NGOs) involved in development programmes focussing on women smallholders.Dr Carolyn Sachs is Professor Emerita of Rural Sociology at The Pennsylvania State University, USA. She serves on an expert panel to the United Nations Programme on Gender, Water and Sanitation and is involved in several extension and outreach programmes, including the Pennsylvania Women's Agricultural Network (PAWAgN), in which she provides agricultural, entrepreneurship and leadership training. Emerita Professor Sachs has held previous positions as Visiting Professor at Charles Sturt University, Australia and Visiting Professor at the United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization, Rome, Italy. She has published widely on gender and agriculture, contributing books, chapters and journal articles, and in 2020, she co-edited the Routledge Handbook of Gender and Agriculture with Dr Paige Castellanos and other notable researchers.Dr Paige Castellanos is Senior Manager of Gender Justice and Inclusion at Oxfam America, USA. Before moving into her new role in 2022, Dr Castellanos was previously Director for the Gender Equity through Agriculture Research and Education (GEARE) Initiative at The Pennsylvania State University, USA. From 2016-2019, Dr Castellanos acted as Project Manager for the Women in Agriculture Network (WAgN): Honduras - a project funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) to improve women's participation in the horticulture value chain in Honduras. She has published widely on gender, empowerment and agriculture and co-edited the Routledge Handbook of Gender and Agriculture alongside Emerita Professor Carolyn Sachs and other notable researchers in 2020.

Are you ready to revolutionize your approach to farming and reconnect with the wisdom of nature? Dive into the captivating world of Korean Natural Farming (KNF) and unlock the secrets of sustainable and regenerative agriculture. In this groundbreaking book, you'll embark on a journey that merges ancient farming practices with modern innovations, allowing you to cultivate bountiful harvests while preserving the health of our planet. Learn how to harness the power of indigenous microorganisms, fermentation techniques, and natural fertilizers to revitalize your soil, boost plant health, and maximize crop yield. Discover the art of making organic fertilizers, compost teas, and plant extracts using simple yet potent recipes that will transform your farming practices. Say goodbye to harmful pesticides and embrace the natural pest and disease management strategies of KNF. Uncover the secrets of weed control, companion planting, and the cultivation of beneficial insects, allowing you to create a harmonious and thriving ecosystem on your farm. Whether you're a seasoned farmer, a backyard gardener, or simply passionate about sustainable living, this book is your ultimate guide to Korean Natural Farming. Packed with practical techniques and insightful wisdom, it will empower you to nourish the land, cultivate nutrient-rich produce, and embark on a journey of ecological stewardship. Join the global movement towards regenerative agriculture and experience the transformative power of Korean Natural Farming. Embrace the synergy of traditional wisdom and modern science, and witness firsthand how working in harmony with nature can revolutionize your farm and create a brighter future for generations to come.

This book reviews the development of resistance to the core group of fungicides used throughout global crop production. Chapters explore the mechanisms of resistance, as well as the challenges facing future fungicide development.

Microbial pigments are gaining enormous attention owing to their propitious therapeutic properties and natural bright hues made them interesting to use in pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, cosmetic, food and textile industries. These microbial secondary metabolites are not just constricted to natural bio-dyes but some of them also possess splendid antibacterial, antiviral, antimalarial, antidiabetic, anticancer, antioxidant and other biological features. Due to different anthropogenic activities and environmental pollution, the global demand for natural dyes is increased. The demand is forecasted to be worth $ 5.0 billion USD by 2024, growing at a CAGR of 11%. However, the wide acceptance of the microbial pigments is still hindered because of the intense competition with inexpensive synthetic dyes, low-yield and high extraction cost. Microorganisms tend to produce an array of important secondary metabolites for numerous ecological benefits. Though these metabolites are not essential to support the growth of the microbe, these are known to play a vital role in exhibiting phenomenal properties that entices various industries, for instance, pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, paper and textile, cosmetics, and relative fields. Over the last few decades, there has been a surge in the expeditious discovery and synthesis of secondary metabolites with novel properties. Processing and production of commercial goods from agro-based raw materials generate large amounts of agro-industrial waste. Significant developments in the area of microbial biotechnology have opened up new avenues for judicious utilization of the agro-industrial waste towards the synthesis of high value-added bioproducts. Directing the flow of agro- industrial waste generated towards its utilization as the main source of nourishment for the microbes can readily curtail the expense that goes in production of commercially-important metabolites.

This book is a collection of information about applying CRISPR-Cas systems for genome editing in plants. The main focus of this book is to address the recent advances and future prospects of CRISPR-Cas technology in crops.Genome editing technology is important because it can be used to improve plant traits. The earlier genome-engineering tools, zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), and TAL effector nucleases (TALENs) are complicated to design and not flexible. The novel genome editor, CRISPR-Cas systems, has advantages over ZFNs and TALENs. The advantages are simple and easy to design precision in targeting and efficiency. Due to its precision and simplicity, the CRISPR-Cas technology has rapidly become the most popular genome-editing platform in life-science fields. CRISPR-Cas technology has been used widely for human gene therapy to treat diseases and for plant breeding programs for crop improvement.This book is of interest and useful to genome-editing professionals, plant breeders, horticulturists, field-level extension workers, nurserymen, planters, ecologists, and valuable source of reference to the relevant researchers.

This book covers the fundamentals of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and higher plant symbiosis with potential implications in crop production. It provides new insights into our understanding of the mechanisms of AMF-mediated plant growth regulation and stress tolerance covering the most recent biochemical, physiological, molecular, environmental, and ecological studies. Focusing on AMF-induced physiological and molecular mechanisms of enhanced tolerance to stress, environmental stress is discussed in several dedicated chapters. The book provides not only updated information with new insights and perspectives but also several new topics, such as a comprehensive discussion on biotic stressors, AMF interaction with other microorganisms, non-host plant species, plant secondary metabolism, signaling events in plant-AMF symbiosis, AMF-mediated nutrient acquisition and subsequent stress tolerance. The book also discusses the potential implications of AMF for sustainable crop production inthe context of climate change. The book can be a useful reference book for academics and scientists involved in related research, such as academics in agronomy and plant sciences, scientists involved in beneficial fungi research, chemists, industrialists, and employees involved in the production and marketing of biofertilizers, master and doctoral degree students of agronomy, horticulture, and plant protection, consultants working on the production of crops in marginal environments as well as environmental scientists working for assisted phytoremediation programs. It would also be suitable for agronomy, ecology, and plant science-related courses, such as plant stress physiology, plant growth-promoting microbes, and plant pathology to teach undergraduate, graduate, and postgraduate students at colleges and universities.

This book provides a detailed overview of the history, current status and future needs of fertiliser developments in an era where sustainability is of paramount importance. Chapters also review recent advances in the use of fertiliser technologies, such as crop sprayers.

Conventional plant breeding has significantly improved crop yield, disease resistance, and adaptability to the environment; however, it is difficult to cultivate breakthrough new varieties using conventional breeding techniques. As such, new and novel breeding techniques are being developed. This book presents a comprehensive overview of plant breeding. It is organized into four sections on 'Genetic Resources for Plant Breeding¿, 'Breeding Theory and Strategy¿, 'Breeding Practice and Cases¿, and 'The Perspective for Plant Breeding¿.

Over the last few decades, various techniques have been developed to alter the properties of plants and animals.  While the targeted transfer of recombinant DNA into crop plants remains a valuable tool to achieve a desirable breeding outcome, integration of transgenes into the host genome has been random, which in part, leads to reduced acceptance of GMOs by the general population in some parts of the world. Likewise, methods of induced mutagenesis, such as TILLING, have the disadvantage that many mutations are induced per plant, which has to be removed again by expensive backcrossing. Advances in genome sequencing have provided more and more information on differences between susceptible and resistant varieties, which can now be directly targeted and modified using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. By selecting specific gRNAs occurrence of off-target modifications are comparatively low. ZFNs and TALENs- based approaches required re-engineering a new set of assembled polypeptides for every new target site for each experiment. The difficulty in cloning and protein engineering prevented these tools from being broadly adopted by the scientific community.  Compared to these technologies, designing the CRISPR toolbox is much simpler and more flexible. CRISPR/Cas9 is versatile, less expensive and highly efficient. It has become the most widely used technology for genome editing in many organisms.Since its inception as a powerful genome-editing tool in late 2012, this breakthrough technology has completely changed how science is performed. The first few chapters in this book introduce the basic concept, design and implementation of CRISPR/Cas9 for different plant systems. They are followed by in-depth discussions on the legal and bio-safety issues accompanying commercialization and patenting of this emerging technology. Lastly, this book covers emerging areas of new tools and potential applications. We believe readers, novice and expert alike, will benefit from this all-in-one resource on genome editing for crop improvement.Chapter 17 is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

This contributed volume explores how plant growth-promoting rhizobacterias (PGPR) provide a wide range of benefits to the plant. Further, it discusses the key roles PGPR play in nutrient acquisition and assimilation, improved soil texture, secreting, and modulating extracellular molecules. The book outlines how plant secondary metabolites are natural sources of biologically active compounds used in a wide range of applications, and surveys the significant role of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in plant communication by mediating above- and below-ground interactions between plants and the surrounding organisms.This volume compiles research from leading scientists from across the globe, linking the translation of basic knowledge to innovative applied research. The book focuses on the following three categories: 1) understanding the secondary metabolites produced by PGPR, the signaling mechanisms and how they affect plant growth, 2) the plausible role of volatile organic compounds produced by PGPR, their role and the signaling mechanism for plant growth promotion, and  3) Applications of VOCs and secondary metabolites of PGPR for seed germination, plant growth promotion; stress tolerance and in-plant health and immunity.

This contributed volume brings out a comprehensive collection of changes from cellular to molecular levels in medicinal plants under extreme environments. The focus of this book is to address the molecular changes in medicinal plants under different abiotic stresses. Medicinal plants are regarded as rich resources of components that can be used for drug development in the pharmaceutical industry. A few medicinal plants are considered vital sources of nutrients and solicited for their therapeutic properties. Therefore, it is essential to understand medicinal plants' interaction under abiotic stresses as compounds obtained from these plants play an important role in human health. This book is of interest to students, teachers, researchers, scientists, medicinal plant experts, and policymakers. Also, the book provides study material for undergraduate and graduate students of botany, environmental sciences, medicinal and aromatic plants, biochemistry, and biotechnology. National and international scientists working in the area of medicinal plants, drug development, and policymakers will also find this a useful read

Soybean (Glycine max L. (Merr)) is one of the most important crops worldwide. Soybean seeds are vital for both protein meal and vegetable oil. Soybean was domesticated in China, and since last 4-5 decades it has become one of the most widely grown crops around the globe. The crop is grown on an anticipated 6% of the world's arable land, and since the 1970s, the area in soybean production has the highest percentage increase compared to any other major crop. It is a major crop in the United States, Brazil, China and Argentina and important in many other countries. The cultivated soybean has one wild annual relative, G. soja, and 23 wild perennial relatives. Soybean has spread to many Asian countries two to three thousand years ago, but was not known in the West until the 18th century. Among the various constraints responsible for decrease in soybean yields are the biotic and abiotic stresses which have recently increased as a result of changing climatic scenarios at global level. A lot of work has been done for cultivar development and germplasm enhancement through conventional plant breeding. This has resulted in development of numerous high yielding and climate resilient soybean varieties. Despite of this development, plant breeding is long-term by nature, resource dependent and climate dependent. Due to the advancement in genomics and phenomics, significant insights have been gained in the identification of genes for yield improvement, tolerance to biotic and abiotic stress and increased quality parameters in soybean. Molecular breeding has become routine and with the advent of next generation sequencing technologies resulting in SNP based molecular markers, soybean improvement has taken a new dimension and resulted in mapping of genes for various traits that include disease resistance, insect resistance, high oil content and improved yield.This book includes chapters from renowned potential soybean scientists to discuss the latest updates on soybean molecular and genetic perspectives to elucidate the complex mechanisms to develop biotic and abiotic stress resilience in soybean. Recent studies on the improvement of oil quality and yield in soybean have also been incorporated.