Hydraulic Design of Energy Dissipators for Culverts and Channels - Federal Highway Administration - Bog

The purpose of this publication is to provide design information for analyzing and mitigating energy dissipation problems at culvert outlets and in open channels. It provides general information on the overall design process, erosion hazards, and culvert outlet velocity and velocity modification. These provide a background and framework for anticipating dissipation problems. In addition to describing the overall design process, design examples to compare selected energy dissipators are provided. Also provided are assessment tools for considering flow transitions, scour, and hydraulic jumps.