Bøger om Historical states & empires

This book describes and illustrates the armies of the embattled Ottoman Turkish Empire involved in 19th-century wars during the Empire's long spiral of decline.During the so called 'long 19th century', between the end of the Napoleonic Wars in 1815 and the outbreak of World War I in 1914, the difficulties faced by the Ottoman Turkish Empire were a recurrent factor in international geopolitics. Against a background of Russian-Ottoman rivalry, France and Britain supported the Empire during the Crimean War (1854-56), but not in the Russo-Turkish War (1877-78). Portraying the uniforms, arms and appearance of Ottoman troops during this period, this book traces the history of the Ottoman Empire throughout this period, when no fewer than ten wars of regional insurgency and foreign expansion against the Empire were fought in territories in south-eastern Europe, the Middle East and North Africa. Using rare photos and illustrations from Turkish, Balkan and other sources, author, Gabriele Esposito details the history of the multi-ethnic Ottoman armies periodic attempts to modernize which enabled them to win some victories at a tactical level. But the Empire - 'the sick man of Europe' - lacked a coherent strategy or sufficient resources, and failed attempts to crush regional uprisings and to defend borders, saw the steady loss of territories. Due to misgovernment and economic failure, unrest finally boiled over in 1908-09, reducing the sultan's court to a largely ceremonial role, and installing a military government by the 'Young Turks' led by the general Enver Pasha. This book is a vivid description of the organization, operations, uniforms and equipment of one of the most active and varied armies of the 'long 19th century' and paints a detailed picture of the Ottoman Empire's struggle to maintain control of its territories.

Anna Komnene describes the political and military history of the Byzantine Empire during the reign of her father, Emperor Alexios I. The text documents the Crusades and the conflicting perceptions of East and West in the early 12th century.

Featuring specially commissioned artwork and maps, carefully chosen illustrations and insightful analysis, this book examines the legendary Mongol warriors and their vastly different European opponents. Having conquered much of Central Asia by 1237, the Mongols advanced into the northern Caucasus. The fall of several key centres such as Riazan and Vladimir was followed by Mongol victory at Kiev. Moving west, in 1241 two Mongol armies achieved stunning victories at the battles of Liegnitz in Poland and the Sajo River (Mohi) in Hungary, before suffering their only reverse of the campaign at the fortress of Klis. The Mongol forces regrouped in Hungary to prepare for a further advance into Austria and Germany, but the death of their leader, Ogedei Khan, meant that his generals were required to return to Mongolia to choose a successor. Smaller Mongol forces would return to raid in the years to come, but never again would Western Europe be threatened as it was in 1242.Fully illustrated, this innovative study of the forces that clashed during the Mongol invasion of Europe between 1237 and 1242 allows a comparison to be made between the all-conquering nomad horsemen of the steppes and the mounted knights of the West.

I hele den engelske hær findes der ingen, der er bedre til at fremstå så heltemodig og nobel som kujonen og svindleren Harry Flashman. I 1860 deltager bangebuksen stikmod sin vilje i urolighederne i Kina, hvor han fungerer som spion og sendebud mellem den kinesiske og den fransk-engelske hær. Alligevel finder han tid til at få andre i fedtefadet, mens han slipper uskadt væk, og får fanget op til flere af de skørter, han er så ferm til at jage.Den britiske forfatter George MacDonald Fraser (1925-2008) er bedst kendt for sin serie af historiske romaner om den kujonagtige levemand og antihelt Harry Flashman, der gør tvivlsom og ufortjent karriere i den britiske hær i 1800-tallet. Han står også bag en række filmmanuskripter blandt andet til James Bond-filmen "Octopussy", "Red Sonja" og "De tre musketerer".

Efter Hornblowers skib Sutherland blev skudt i sænk af franskmændene, blev han og hans besætning taget som krigsfanger. Nu er han på vej til Paris med to af sine bedste mænd, og ingen af dem har i sinde at lade franskmændene bestemme deres skæbne. Da fangevognen kører fast i en snestorm, ser de tre mænd deres snit til at stikke af. Hornblower ved, at han først er i sikkerhed, når han er hjemme i England, men han aner ikke, hvilken tragedie der venter ham, hvis han når frem. Andet bind af ”Kommandør Hornblower” er ottende bog i seriens indre kronologi.Kaptajn HornblowerSerien om den engelske søofficer kaptajn Hornblower tager os med tilbage til Napoleonskrigene og fortæller historien om den søsyge matros, der ender med at blive en vaskeægte søhelt i den engelske flåde. Bøgerne er blevet filmatiseret flere gange og har opnået stor popularitet verden over.C.S. Forester (1899-1966) var pseudonymet for den britiske forfatter Cecil Louis Throughton Smith, der blev kendt for sine fortællinger om krig til søs. Hans bogserie om den royale søofficer Horatio Hornblower blev oversat til en lang række sprog og gjorde ham meget populær. I 1951 blev hans bog "The African Queen" filmatiseret med Katherine Hepburn og Humphrey Bogart i hovedrollerne.

Aus Anlaß des 80. Geburtstags von Johannes Koder (*1942) bringen Freunde, Wegbegleiter, Schüler und Kollegen diese Festschrift dar, deren Beiträge sich inhaltlich auf jene Forschungsinteressen des Jubilars beziehen, die er als Professor für Byzantinistik an der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz (1978-1985) und ordentlicher Professor der Byzantinistik an der Universität Wien (1985-2010) stets mit großem Eifer, Enthusiasmus und Originalität in Lehre und Forschung vertreten hat. Dazu zählen im wesentlichen Aspekte der historischen Geographie, Wirtschaftsgeschichte, Archäologie, Gräzistik und Philologie sowie Hymnologie des Byzantinischen Reiches, womit er die Beitragenden aus dem In- und Ausland während seiner aktiven Laufbahn auf verschiedene Art und Weise inspirierte.Aus diesem Grunde finden sich in diesem Band archäologische, toponomastische, historische, philologische, historisch-geographische und kunsthistorische Themen. Vom wachen schöpferischen Geist Johannes Koders zeugt auch seine Beschäftigung mit vermeintlichen "Randthemen" der Byzantinistik und Balkanforschung, wie zum Beispiel dem Kordax - dem "Tanz der Slawen", der für die Festschrift namensgebend ist.

The book provides a global perspective on the history of Jewish law during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, focusing on the codification works of R. Joseph Karo.

1456, the night of Vlad's coronation: a dastardly plot, a joint venture between the Ottoman Empire and Catholic Hungary to kill the Impaler's beloved, sets off some of the worst atrocities in history, enshrining the name Dracula as a synonym for terror. He drank the blood of his victims, and filled the castles of the land with wretches destined for the stake: Scourge of the Saxons, champion of the peasants, national hero who saved his country from Islamic conquest, Vlad was all of these, and much, much more... His name has become a byword for cruelty, Vlad's draconian policies the horror of Europe. But who was the man behind the legend? Written off by historians, the Dacians were thought to have vanished immediately after the Roman conquest of Dacia, but Vlad, Son of the Devil, would revive the ancient Gaulish pride, bringing hope to the oppressed Wallach remnants of Transylvania through a dastardly series of impalements: he would become known in Romanian as Vlad ¿epe¿, the Impaler! A man more terrifying than any vampire.

Described as the "sick man of Europe" by the Great Powers, the Ottoman Empire in the early twentieth century was in terminal decline. The newly independent Balkan states¿Greece, Serbia, Montenegro and Bulgariäeach had significant ethnic populations who had remained under Ottoman rule. Under the guidance of Russia, which had its own interests in south-east Europe, they joined forces against the Ottomans, under the name of the Balkan League, in 1912.In the first phase of the Balkan Wars, Bulgarian, Greek, Montenegrin and Serbian armies fought together against the Ottoman Empire, dealing the Ottomans a heavy defeat in a result that made headlines around the world. In the second phase, the Balkan states fought each other, and Romania also entered the war. In the conflict¿s aftermath, new borders failed to satisfy any of the belligerent parties. Interventions by the Great Powers further increased tensions in the region. As the ultimate result, the first bullet that triggered the First World War was fired in Sarajevo in June 1914.The causes and effects of the Balkan Wars have remained controversial despite the passage of time. In this volume, writers from various Balkan nations and from across various disciplines have come together under the aegis of the Balkan History Association to address little-known and little-studied aspects of the wars. Collectively they analyze a huge range of political, historical, medical, sociological and religious aspects of the conflict. The book, with its ground-breaking content and unique bibliographies, will be an important guide for undergraduate and graduate students studying the political, military and social history of the Balkan Wars and the Balkan nations."The Balkan Wars of 1912/13 were a disaster for the Ottoman Empire, a triumph for the Balkan governments, and a tragedy for the population of the belligerent states.This well structured collection brings together contributors from various backgrounds. Together they help to understand overarching issues far beyond the military event, and especially the still underresearched Ottoman perspective."¿Katrin Boeckh, LMU Munich/IOS Regensburg

Shows the entanglement of ecology, political ideology, and religious ritual and belief in responses to earthquakes striking Constantinople.

Step into the enigmatic world of "The Ottoman Empire" a compelling exploration of the rise, zenith, and eventual decline of one of the most formidable empires in history. This meticulously researched account takes readers on a captivating journey through the annals of time, unraveling the intricate tapestry of a civilization that spanned over six centuries.From the humble beginnings of Osman I to the imperial splendor of Suleiman the Magnificent, this book delves into the political intrigues, military conquests, and cultural achievements that defined the Ottomans. Experience the grandeur of the Topkapi Palace, the mystique of the Janissaries, and the opulence of the Silk Road as the Ottoman Empire carved its indelible mark on the crossroads of Europe, Asia, and Africa.As the narrative unfolds, witness the challenges that tested the resilience of this once-mighty empire: the seismic shifts in geopolitical dynamics, internal strife, and the inexorable march of time. Gain insights into the intricate interplay of religion, politics, and cultural exchange that shaped the Ottoman identity and influenced the destiny of the empire."The Ottoman Empire" goes beyond the battlefield, offering a nuanced portrayal of the diverse peoples and communities that coexisted within the Ottoman domains. Explore the vibrant mosaic of Ottoman society, where scholars, artisans, and merchants flourished amidst a backdrop of architectural marvels and artistic achievements.However, the book does not shy away from the shadows that eventually enveloped the Ottoman Empire. Trace the gradual decline, examining the pivotal moments that signaled the end of an era and the emergence of a new geopolitical landscape.

During the formation of the Turkish national movement, while Istanbul was under British, French, and Italian occupation, a distinct factional split emerged. One side supported the Ottoman sultanate's sovereignty, while the other championed a populist, republican path. An Istanbul at the Threshold of Nation State contextualizes this history of coalition, political disintegration, and power struggles in Turkey between 1918 and 1923 to highlight the rise of anti-communist movements and the emergence of national labor and merchant confederations that formed xenophobic, Christian exclusionary policies in the 1920s and 30s.

This collection of the writings of Daniel O'Connor, edited and introduced by David Jasper, is a treasure trove for all interested in the Church in India in the twentieth century.

In the ominous arcades of Constantinople, where the grandeur of the Ottoman Empire concealed both beauty and shadows, Anna's fate was forever altered by the relentless forces of power. "Anna - Three Years as a Caucasian Slave in the Ottoman Empire" reveals the daunting tale of resilience and daring escape in a city of stark contrasts.Constantinople, a nexus of culture and opulence during the Ottoman zenith, boasted breathtaking architecture and cultural richness. Its splendid facade belied the darker underbelly, where the lives of enslaved individuals were marred by unrelenting struggles within the empire's shadowed domains.Beneath the city's beauty lay concealed corners-ominous arcades that echoed with clandestine activities and harbored the unseen struggles of those ensnared by bondage. While not a complete representation of the entirety of Constantinople, these hidden enclaves hinted at the veiled challenges faced by many, offering a nuanced perspective of the city's complex landscape during that era.Amidst this stark dichotomy, Anna's journey epitomized the plight of countless souls ensnared within Constantinople's gilded confines. Bound by chains but fueled by hope, she dared to defy the suffocating grip of enslavement, her tale etching an indelible mark upon the pages of history."Anna - Three Years as a Caucasian Slave in the Ottoman Empire" is a poignant testament to the resilience of the human spirit, navigating the contrasting landscapes of beauty and darkness that defined Constantinople during the height of the Ottoman Empire.This daunting narrative unveils the harrowing chronicle of resilience and daring escape in a world where liberty was a distant dream.From the serene embrace of the Caucasus Mountains to the opulent corridors of Constantinople's elite, Anna's journey epitomizes the struggles of countless souls ensnared by the empire's insatiable thirst for human capital. Bound and taken as a prized possession, Anna navigates the unrelenting cycle of servitude, finding solace in whispered tales of freedom shared among enslaved companions, each harboring dreams beyond captivity.On a moonless night, Anna and her fellow captives dared the unthinkable-an audacious attempt at liberation orchestrated by clandestine allies. Maneuvering through the shadows of the city, they embraced trepidation and hope, venturing towards the elusive promise of emancipation.Their journey traversed concealed passages and convoluted streets, culminating at the towering city gates where the scent of freedom mingled with the acrid tang of fear. Faced with the final obstacle, a patrol obstructed their path, threatening to extinguish the fragile ember of hope.In a pulse-pounding moment, Anna's resolve solidified, igniting a collective surge towards freedom. Their frantic scramble shattered the blockade, their cries for liberty echoing through the night as they vanished into the cloak of darkness, shedding the shackles of enslavement."Anna - Three Years as a Caucasian Slave in the Ottoman Empire" etches the indomitable spirit of Anna and her companions against the backdrop of the Ottoman Empire's dominance. This gripping tale illuminates their relentless pursuit of freedom, a defiance eternally woven into the annals of history.

Embark on a thought-provoking exploration of slavery's persistence and transformation in the Ottoman Empire and the early years of the Turkish Republic during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. This book meticulously analyzes the interplay between slavery, the evolving liberal political landscape, and the international anti-slavery movement. At its core, it scrutinizes the legal and social changes surrounding the categorization of certain ethnic groups as "enslavable," with a focus on the impact on citizenship. Discover how slavery played a pivotal role in shaping the concept of citizenship during this critical period.

IV. Murad ¿stanbul'unda geçen ve cinsellik, para, äk ve ¿iddet gibi konular¿ i¿leyen T¿flî hikâyeleri, 19. yüzy¿l Osmanl¿ düzyaz¿ edebiyat¿n¿n önemli bir türünü olu¿turur. Bu edebî türle ilgili ilk ve tek kapsaml¿ çal¿¿ma olan T¿fli Hikâyeleri, 19. yüzy¿l Osmanl¿ kültürünün de çarp¿c¿ bir panoramas¿n¿ sunuyor. Kitap, hikâyelere ili¿kin inceleme d¿¿¿nda eski yaz¿dan çeviri yaz¿s¿ yap¿lan hikâye metinlerini de içeriyor. English: The Tifli Stories are a genre of Ottoman prose literature set in Istanbul during the reign of Murad IV (r. 1623-1640) and revolving around themes such as sex, money, passion, and violence. The first and only comprehensive study of this literary genre, Tifli Hikayeleri (The Tifli Stories) analyzes the stories to offer a vivid panorama of 19th-century Ottoman culture. The book further includes a comprehensive corpus of stories transliterated from Ottoman into modern Turkish.

The Almanach of Würzburg is a compendium of imperial, royal, and princely dynastic houses and nobility around the world from a diverse array of national and ethnic historical backgrounds. It is published by the Noble Company currently every year or two.

I combined my books "The Return of Jesus" and "Armies of the Heavens" under the same title. Jesus Christ is going to be among us again, for sure. There are inevitably some signs of this blessed person's coming. So what are these signs? What causes Jesus Christ to be sent again on earth? How do we recognize him? What will change in the world after he arrives? While answering these questions, I have addressed some other individuals related to Jesus Christ, and some signs of doom. Jesus (PBUH) was crucified?Since Muhammad (PBUH) is the last of the prophets, why will Jesus (PBUH) come?What are the signs of his coming?What will he do when he arrives?Who are end-time individuals and how do we know them?What is the role of the Jews in the End Times?Why did God allow the establishment of the state of Israel? When talking about Jesus Christ, the indispensable word is the great antichrist. I specifically discussed the great Antichrist.Who were the antichrists who came in the 20th century?Which states sided with the antichrist and which sided with Jesus Christ in the 20th century?How will the struggle between Prophet Jesus (PBUH) and the Antichrist be in this century?There are various comings of Jesus Christ (PBUH) in the end times. The most important of these is that he comes down from the sky himself. When you read this work, you will understand the truth and secret of the coming of Jesus. A Christian commander asks Fatih Sultan Mehmet Khan:"How do you come out victorious in every battle? Whatever we did, no matter what we tried, we couldn't beat you."Fatih Sultan Mehmet Khan answers: "Why are we not defeated? Because we also have an army in the sky!" Wars that changed the course of history... Scenes of destiny's plan in human history... Nations assigned by destiny for special missions...This work deals with two main issues. Divine help and destiny plan...Besides, I made some explanations about angels that will remove doubts and delusions. The Ottoman navy, comprising 122 galley-style ships, is against the allied forces with 608 galleons and galley-type navies. Which side wins according to the ordinary flow of life, the laws of nature or the laws of physics? Allied navy, of course. However, this legendary battle was won by the Ottoman navy under the command of Barbarossa Hayreddin Pasha. The side that the Almighty helps, not the strong side, wins wars and struggles... We cannot grasp these recondite secrets. However, the lived stories I have told can give us a familiarity with the secrets of the universe, like a drop in the ocean.

This collection sheds light on different aspects of the history of the Kurds in Syria during the Ottoman period.

Explores the historic sieges of Rhodes in 1480 and 1522 and encompasses tales of heroism and strategic shifts in military history.The Sieges of Rhodes 1480 and 1522 provides accounts of the two epic sieges when the Knight Hospitallers of the Order of St John faced the might of the Ottoman Empire. Photographs and maps included in the book illustrate what a nearly impossible task the Ottomans faced in both sieges. The two sieges illustrate the changes in warfare in the 40 years between them and the revolution in artillery that was taking place during this period. The Sieges of Rhodes contains grand tales of the greatest heroes and the worst of villains, stories of ingenuity, bravery, cruelty and cowardice, tales which echoed across Christendom.When Grand Master Phillipe Villiers de l`Isle-Adam and the few surviving knights and brothers of the Order of St John departed from the port of Rhodes on 1 January 1523, the long history of the Crusades ended.The Order of St John had protected the Latin States for almost 200 years until forced to leave after the fall of Acre in 1291. Unlike the Templars, they survived the disgrace of defeat and re-established themselves on the island of Rhodes. Here they remained a militant presence, always a challenge to the power of Islam and hopeful of reclaiming the Holy Land. The rise of Ottoman power in the mid-fifteenth century led to two great sieges, the first in 1480 during the reign of the Sultan Mehmed II and the second in 1522 by Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent.Both sieges were epic in their character and scale and added to the fame and prestige of the Hospitallers, and on both occasions the Grand Masters provided inspiration for the garrisons and for Christendom. The sieges occurred at a critical period in Europe's political, religious and military history. In 1480, Christendom was united, and both the means of attack and the forms of defense were fundamentally late-medieval in nature - both sides even built trebuchets, which had been thought long obsolete. In 1522, Europe was deeply divided, and the weapons and fortifications had dramatically changed. This book considers the medieval fortifications and their transformation in the intervening years, according to the most up-to-date ideas. It also outlines the artillery revolution that occurred over the same period, with the massive, clumsy, but still powerful, stone-throwing bombards giving way to narrow-bore, cast bronze pieces firing iron projectiles at much higher velocities with significantly greater effect.The sieges are also of great technical interest to military historians because of the extensive use of pyrotechnics and mining. Fire was an especially horrible addition to the Hospitallers' arsenal, and the book summarizes the flame weapons that were available and how they were used. The mining and countermining that took place in the second siege was an epic in its own right. Recent groundbreaking research has highlighted why the war underground was so extensive and became the most effective Ottoman strategy.The soldiers that faced each other were utterly unlike one another in arms, armor and tactics, although similar in their disparate religious devotion. What effect did this have on the outcome? The Ottoman army, especially the Janissaries, were the terror of the East and the West, yet they met their match on both occasions. How was it that a vastly numerically inferior force managed to fight their enemy to a standstill? This can only be understood by studying the sieges in detail, which is possible because of the excellent first-hand accounts produced soon after the events themselves. The reader can, therefore, experience the sieges through the words of those who fought in them. The extraordinary survival of Hospitaller armor from Rhodes and the superb collections of Ottoman and Mameluke armor and weapons help illustrate the contrast between these warrior cultures.

A portrait of Enlightenment science, religious identity and empire in the making of the modern Middle Eastern world

This invaluable resource offers a comprehensive overview of the Iraq War, with more than 100 in-depth articles by leading scholars on an array of topics and themes and more than a dozen key primary source documents.This book provides everything the reader needs to know about the Iraq War, from the Bush administration's decision to invade Iraq, through the U.S. troop surge in 2007, to the rise of the Islamic State. It offers insight into the war through the events, organizations, and people who have had a major impact on the conflict. It also explains the inadvertent consequences of the conflict including worsening regional sectarian divisions, the Arab Spring, the increase in Iranian influence in the Middle East, and the expansion of international terrorism.The book begins with a sweeping overview of the Iraq War that provides context for each of the reference entries that follow. The introductory material also includes detailed essays on the causes and consequences of the war. The bulk of the book consists of more than 120 reference entries on such topics as Saddam Hussein, the battles of Fallujah, and private military contractors such as Blackwater and Halliburton. In addition, the book includes more than a dozen curated and contextualized primary source documents along with a comprehensive chronology and extensive bibliography.

A comprehensive overview of the history of Turkey ranging from the earliest Neolithic civilizations, to the establishment of the Republic in 1923, to the present-day tenure of President Erdogan.For travelers or students looking for the story behind the evolution of modern-day Turkey, this informative guide traces this country's history and culture from ancient times through the present day. The first half of this book surveys the centuries up to 1923, with the latter half exploring events since the establishment of the Turkish Republic in 1923. By following the timeline of Turkey's development in clear, chronologically ordered chapters, the work lays out the various civilizations whose remains still sit side by side today. This second edition delves into the full scope of Turkey's events since 2001, covering the leadership of the Justice and Development party, the prime ministry and controversial presidency of Recep Tayyip Erdogan, and the Gezi Park protests of 2013. The updated content includes a notable figures appendix, glossary, and bibliography that supplies electronic resources for students.

Englænderne rykker frem i Spanien, og under franskmændenes forsøg på at standse dem blotter de deres ene flanke. Kommandør Hornblower har opnået stor berømmelse og ære blandt sine landsmænd og får nu ordre om at gå til angreb med skibet Sutherland. Han vinder snart flere sejr og håber, den endelige sejr snart er i hus.Pludselig vender lykken imidlertid for den tapre officer. Spanierne viser sig at være stærkere end forventet, og Hornblower frygter, at Sutherland ikke kan stå mål med overmagten. Samtidig er hans gravide hustru alene hjemme i England, og også her truer det hele med at gå galt. "Kommandør Hornblower" er syvende bog i seriens indre kronologi.Serien om den engelske søofficer kaptajn Hornblower tager os med tilbage til Napoleonskrigene og fortæller historien om den søsyge matros, der ender med at blive en vaskeægte søhelt i den engelske flåde. Bøgerne er blevet filmatiseret flere gange og har opnået stor popularitet verden over.