Psykologisk teori og skoleretninger

The complete guide to building small habits to rewire our brains for success from life coach and host of the popular podcast, The Mindset Mentor.

When Oliver Sacks was twelve years old, a perceptive schoolmaster wrote in his report: 'Sacks will go far, if he does not go too far'. It is now abundantly clear that Sacks has never stopped going. From its opening pages on his youthful obsession with motorcycles and speed, On the Move is infused with his restless energy. As he recounts his experiences as a young neurologist in the early 1960s, first in California and then in New York, where he discovered a long-forgotten illness in the back wards of a chronic hospital, as well as with a group of patients who would define his life, it becomes clear that Sacks's earnest desire for engagement has occasioned unexpected encounters and travels - sending him through bars and alleys, over oceans, and across continents.With unbridled honesty and humour, Sacks shows us that the same energy that drives his physical passions - bodybuilding, weightlifting, and swimming - also drives his cerebral passions. He writes about his love affairs, both romantic and intellectual, his guilt over leaving his family to come to America, his bond with his schizophrenic brother, and the writers and scientists - Thom Gunn, A. R. Luria, W. H. Auden, Gerald M. Edelman, Francis Crick - who influenced him.On the Move is the story of a brilliantly unconventional physician and writer - and of the man who has illuminated the many ways that the brain makes us human.

A GUIDE TO USING THE SCIENCE OF THE BODY CLOCK TO CREATE THE OPTIMUM PERSONAL ROUTINE. SLEEP BETTER, WORK BETTER, FEEL BETTER.'A superlative guide to some of the most intriguing questions of human existence' Bill BrysonIn the twenty-first century, we increasingly push our daily routines into the night, carrying out work, exercise and our social lives long after dark. But we have forgotten that our bodies are governed by a 24-hour biological clock which guides us towards the best time to sleep, eat and think. New science has proven that living out of sync with this clock is not only disrupting our sleep, but leaving us more vulnerable to infection, cancer, obesity, type 2 diabetes, heart disease and mental illness.In Life Time, Professor Russell Foster shares his life's work, taking us on a fascinating and surprising journey through the science of our body clocks. Using his own studies, as well as insights from an international community of sleep scientists and biologists studying circadian rhythms, he illustrates the surprising effects the time of day can have on our health:- how a walk outside at dawn can ensure a better night's sleep- how eating after sundown can affect our weight- the extraordinary effects the time we take our medication can have on our risk of life-threatening conditions, such as strokesIn the modern world, we have neglected an essential part of our biology. But with knowledge of this astonishing science, we can get back into the rhythm, and live healthier, sharper lives.

"Denne bog er en introduktion til en af de mest virkningsfulde metoder, til at bryde med vores mest hæmmende og begrænsende roller og genfinde vores egentlig identitet."Der eksisterer en mangfoldighed af energimønstre inden i og uden for os. Det indre og det ydre kan næppe adskilles, fordi de indre mønstre påvirker vores opfattelse af de ydre så kraftigt. I bevidsthedsudviklingen er det vores opgave at blive opmærksomme på disse mønstre. Vi må blive bevidst om, hvilke vi har identificeret os med, og hvilke der er blevet fortrængte eller simpelthen eksisterer i det ubevidste."Bogen er udarbejdet i et tæt samarbejde med ID ACADEMY, hvor den indgår, som en vigtig del af undervisningen på psykoterapeutuddannelsen.

A compelling and accessible new perspective on the modern science of psychology, based on one of Yale's most popular courses of all timeHow does the brain?a three-pound wrinkly mass?give rise to intelligence and conscious experience? Was Freud right that we are all plagued by forbidden sexual desires? What is the function of emotions such as disgust, gratitude, and shame? Renowned psychologist Paul Bloom answers these questions and many more in Psych, his riveting new book about the science of the mind.Psych is an expert and passionate guide to the most intimate aspects of our nature, serving up the equivalent of a serious university course while being funny, engaging, and full of memorable anecdotes. But Psych is much more than a comprehensive overview of the field of psychology. Bloom argues that a number of widely accepted theories in the field are probably wrong, and he reveals what psychology can tell us about the most pressing moral and political issues of our time?including belief in conspiracy theories, the role of genes in explaining human differences, and the discussion around implicit racial bias.Bloom also shows how psychology can give us practical insights into important issues?from the treatment of mental illnesses such as depression and anxiety to the best way to lead happy and fulfilling lives. Psych is a riveting guide to the most important topic there is: it is the story of us.

A new dawn of brain tracking and hacking is coming. Will you be prepared for what comes next?Imagine a world where your brain can be interrogated to learn your political beliefs, your thoughts can be used as evidence of a crime, and your own feelings can be held against you. A world where people who suffer from epilepsy receive alerts moments before a seizure, and the average person can peer into their own mind to eliminate painful memories or cure addictions.Neuroscience has already made all of this possible today, and neurotechnology will soon become the "universal controller" for all of our interactions with technology. This can benefit humanity immensely, but without safeguards, it can seriously threaten our fundamental human rights to privacy, freedom of thought, and self-determination.From one of the world's foremost experts on the ethics of neuroscience, The Battle for Your Brain offers a path forward to navigate the complex legal and ethical dilemmas that will fundamentally impact our freedom to understand, shape, and define ourselves.

Styrken i det næste lille skridt henvender sig til alle, der er interesserede i den løsningsfokuserede tilgang. Til dem, der ønsker at tage eller genvinde kontrollen over deres liv og fremtid. Til dem, der ønsker konkrete og nemme-at-gå-til-øvelser. Til dem, der er interesserede i at skabe og understøtte personlig udvikling og forandring. Styrken i det næste lille skridt er en skridt for skridt-gennemgang af, hvordan du starter rejsen mod dit bedste håb for fremtiden ved at benytte den løsningsfokuserede tilgang (Solution-Focused Brief Therapy). Bogen er skrevet til helt almindelige mennesker, der står over for den slags udfordringer, som vi alle oplever gennem livet: udfordrende kollegaer, at være fastlåst i en konflikt med en teenager, mistet selvtillid efter afskedigelse eller dyb sorg over tabet af en elsket.Hvert kapitel giver læseren en række konkrete spørgsmål at besvare og øvelser at udføre for at identificere egne ressourcer og sætte skub i den ønskede forandring og udvikling. Rayya Ghul er en af de fremmeste kapaciteter internationalt inden for coaching og løsningsfokuseret terapi og undervisning. Hun underviser på University of Edinburgh.

Når vi udsættes for traumatiske oplevelser, påvirkes nervesystemets basale evne til at regulere sig selv. Det har store konsekvenser for måden, vi tolker vores omgivelser og opfatter fare - og dermed også for hele vores fysiske og psykiske trivsel. “Når kroppen er i krig” er Manuvisions bud på, hvordan kroppen skal indtænkes i behandlingen af traumer og de tilstande, traumer medfører - fra stress til angst, depression og PTSD. I bogen samler vi trådene fra 25 års behandlingspraksis og erfaringerne fra et forskningsprojekt, foretaget af Statens Institut for Folkesundhed (SDU), der for første gang i Danmark har undersøgt kropsterapi i behandlingen af PTSD. Bogen introducerer til nyere neurovidenskabelig viden om, hvordan chok og traumer lagres i kroppen og påvirker vores fysiske og psykiske tilstand. Og rummer en grundig indføring i vores arbejde med relation og kropsbevidsthed og de principper, teknikker og øvelser, der kan regulere balancen i nervesystemet og skabe forandring hos mennesker udsat for traumer. Bogen er relevant for alle, der arbejder med svære stressreaktioner og traumer eller har traumer tæt inde på livet.Vi kommer omkring spørgsmål somHvordan påvirker stress og traumer os fysisk og psykisk? Hvad betyder traumer for vores evne til at være sociale og håndtere følelser?Hvordan skaber vi forandring for mennesker, der oplever livet og hverdagen som en krigszone?Hvordan skaber vi tillid i den terapeutiske relation?Hvordan kommer vi mere til stede i vores krop? Bogen er skrevet af Angela Jørgensen og Filip Rankenberg, som begge har været med til at grundlægge Manuvision, og Ida Meisling, som er tekstforfatter og uddannet Manuvision kropsterapeut.

Whether you love the drama or avoid it like the plague, this is a book for you - a modern manual for acing all social interactions that will teach you how to handle the trickiest of people and situations. A major green flag.- Thomas Erikson, bestselling author of 'Surrounded by Idiots'Pre-order now and discover the tools to identify healthy and toxic behaviours in all areas of life and separate the red flags from the green, from TikTok psychologist Dr Ali Fenwick @moderndaypsychologist__________In an increasingly fast-paced world, equally fast decision-making skills are seen as a strength. When we are constantly presented with so many options to choose from, a quick and dirty decision doesn't always seem like a bad thing.When it comes to things we don't like in friends, family, work, or relationships we are often fast to judge and label them as red flags.What we don't realise, however, is that this mindset is causing us to lose our ability to manage difficult situations. Decisions taken in the heat of the moment can also prevent us from achieving a greater understanding of ourselves.Professor of Organisational Behaviour and Innovation Dr Ali Fenwick is here to guide you through critical life situations, providing you with the knowledge to unpack the psychology behind each one and ultimately make the best and healthiest decisions about dating, relationships, friends, family, work, wellbeing, and success.Red Flags, Green Flags is here to help you break this cycle of unhealthy behaviour by equipping you with the tools to identify the good and the bad signs in your life, show you what these signals say about people and, more importantly, what they say about you.__________

In the early 1960s scientists at the University of California, Berkeley set out to establish the key factors effecting health and longevity. Their results, known as the ?Alameda 7', you already know: don't smoke, drink in moderation, sleep seven to eight hours a night, exercise, eat regular meals, maintain a moderate weight, eat breakfast. Years later, however, the same team discovered an eighth factor, one that proved more important than all the others: social connection.When we form meaningful bonds with others, our wounds heal faster, we shake off infections more quickly and our blood pressure drops. We are less likely to have Alzheimer's, heart attacks or strokes. When people feel that they have strong social support, they perform better on tests of mental focus, memory and problem solving. Greater connection can fuel creativity, increase our financial stability and enhance our work productivity. But making friends can also be daunting.In The Laws of Connection, David Robson does two important things: he takes us through the fascinating science behind the effects of social connection and he unpacks the research that shows that we are all better at being social than we might think. We will meet ideas such as ?the liking gap' and ?the gratitude gap', learn to recognise ?frenemies' and discover a powerful conversational strategy known as the ?fast-friends procedure' that promotes instant rapport. Being social doesn't have to mean having dozens of friends, it can also mean having one true, deep connection with another person. As Robson shows, we can all benefit from the laws of connection.

Terapi for Mennesker i Uniform er en bog om, hvad det vil sige at være menneske bag uniformen, og de særlige udfordringer det rummer. Uanset om uniformen er blå, grøn, rød, hvid eller usynlig, er der et menneske i den, som kræver omsorg, forståelse og beskyttelse for at fungere optimalt. Noget vi ofte glemmer, fordi uniformens værdier, identitetsfølelse og intense dagligdag tager over. Men hvis ikke vi først og fremmest lærer at være menneske, risikerer vores psyke at lide et knæk, den dag livet i uniform hober sig op til noget, som vi ikke længere kan overskue. Det være sig stress, udbrændthed eller traumer.Med afsæt i sine mere end 18 år i politiet og i sin rolle som krise- og traumeterapeut fortæller Michael Molin om sin egen vej til selverkendelse, og de overvejelser han har måttet gøre sig for at blive et helt menneske igen efter sine egne traumer fra tjenesten. Samtidig giver han et unikt indblik i krise- og traumeterapien, og hvad den kan gøre for mennesker i uniform og deres pårørende. Ikke kun efter traumet er en realitet, men også som den altafgørende forebyggende indsats.

';Indispensable' Daniel Kahneman How do you get people to donate their organs? What's the trick to reading a wine list? What's the perfect number of potential matches a dating site should offer? Every time we make a choice, our minds go through an elaborate process most of us never even notice. We're influenced by subtle aspects of the way the choice is presented that often make the difference between a good decision and a bad one. To overcome the common faults in our decision-making and enable better choices in any situation involves conscious and intentional decision design. Transcending the familiar concepts of nudges and defaults, The Elements of Choice offers a comprehensive, systematic guide to creating effective choice architectures, the environments in which we make decisions. The designers of decisions need to consider all the elements involved in presenting a choice: how many options to offer, how to present those options, how to account for our natural cognitive shortcuts, and much more. These levers are unappreciated, yet they impact our reasoning every day. This book doesn't simply analyse the mental fallacies that trip us up. It goes further to show us what good decision-making looks like that it can be both moral and effective.

Hvad ville historien være uden dens arkiver, dens museer og samlinger, dens skrifter og traditioner for fortolkning? Ville der overhovedet eksistere sådan noget som historie? Den berømte og berygtede franske filosof Jacques Derrida opsporer i et af sine mest kendte værker, som nu foreligger på dansk, netop denne problematik.Med sin dekonstruktive metode optrevler Derrida problematikken indefra med en bog, som udover de centrale teser stort set kun består af metatekst – i form af en indledning, et forord, en exergue og et efterskrift. I anledning af den danske oversættelse er tilføjet et forord af oversætteren Frederik-Emil Friis Jakobsen og et efterord af Torsten Andreasen.»Intet er i dag mere uklart og mere foruroligende end det begreb, der er arkiveret i ordet arkiv. […] Arkivets uro stammer fra en arkivfeber, fra en mal d’archive. Vi er »en mal d’archive«: Vi er i arkivforlegenhed. […] Det er endeløst, uophørligt, at søge efter arkivet, dér hvor det undslipper os. Det er at forfølge det, selv når der er for meget af det, dér hvor noget i det anarkiverer sig. Det er at lade sig drage mod det af et tvingende, gentagende og nostalgisk begær, et uundertrykkeligt begær efter en tilbagevenden til oprindelsen, en hjemve, en nostalgi om at vende tilbage til den absolutte begyndelses mest arkaiske sted.«

KOGNITIV ADFÆRDSTERAPI er en klassiker i de grundlæggende begreber og metoder i kognitiv adfærdsterapi. Judith S. Beck guider læseren igennem de grundlæggende elementer i kognitiv adfærdsterapi, så man mestrer dem og forstår, hvordan og hvornår det er muligt at variere behandlingen for at tilpasse den til den enkelte klient. Trin for trin viser hun, hvordan man kan engagere klienten, konstruere en god konceptualisering og planlægge oggennemføre kognitive, adfærdsmæssige og erfaringsbaserede interventioner. Hun demonstrerer, hvordan de styrkebaserede redskaber i kognitiv adfærdsterapi kan hjælpe klienter til hver uge at tage skridt, der understøtter deres værdier, håb, handlekraft og oplevelse af mening og formål.Denne 3. udgave er gennemrevideret med mere end 50% nyt indhold. Den inddrager elementer fra andre tilgange, herunder ACT (Acceptance and Commitment Therapy), dialektisk adfærdsterapi og mindfulnessbaseret kognitiv terapi. Behandlingsprocessen udfoldes gennem to omfattende cases. Bogen rummer nye cases og nye kapitler om mindfulness og den terapeutiske relation, og den forener strategier fra recoveryorienteret kognitiv terapi med traditionel kognitiv adfærdsterapi. Med kliniske tips, refleksionsspørgsmål og forslag til aktiviteter holder bogen et konkret praksisrettet fokus.KOGNITIV ADFÆRDSTERAPI er et centralt værk for både studerende, behandlere og andre professionelle inden for psykologi, psykiatri, socialt arbejde og terapi. Nyt er også et websted med supplerende materiale: www.beckinstitute.org/CBTresourcesWebstedet indeholder videoer med terapisessioner, som illustrerer principper, konceptualisering, strukturelle dele af sessionen og teknikker fra kognitiv adfærdsterapi samt arbejdsskemaer og figurer, som kan downloades. Materialet er på engelsk.

#1 NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER • OPRAH’S BOOK CLUB PICK • The author of the bestselling phenomenon Quiet explores the power of the bittersweet personality, revealing a misunderstood side of mental health and creativity while offering a roadmap to facing heartbreak in order to live life to the fullest.“Bittersweet has the power to transform the way you see your life and the world.”—OPRAH“Grabs you by the heart and doesn’t let go.”—BRENÉ BROWN, author of Atlas of the Heart“Susan Cain has described and validated my existence once again!”—GLENNON DOYLE, author of Untamed“The perfect cure for toxic positivity.”—ADAM GRANT, author of Think AgainLONGLISTED FOR THE PORCHLIGHT BUSINESS BOOK AWARD • ONE OF THE BEST BOOKS OF THE YEAR: The Wall Street Journal, MashableBittersweetness is a tendency to states of long­ing, poignancy, and sorrow; an acute aware­ness of passing time; and a curiously piercing joy at the beauty of the world. It recognizes that light and dark, birth and death—bitter and sweet—are forever paired.  If you’ve ever wondered why you like sad music . . . If you find comfort or inspiration in a rainy day . . . If you react intensely to music, art, nature, and beauty . . . Then you probably identify with the bitter­sweet state of mind. With Quiet, Susan Cain urged our society to cultivate space for the undervalued, indispensable introverts among us, thereby revealing an un­tapped power hidden in plain sight. Now she em­ploys the same mix of research, storytelling, and memoir to explore why we experience sorrow and longing, and how embracing the bittersweetness at the heart of life is the true path to creativity, con­nection, and transcendence. Cain shows how a bittersweet state of mind is the quiet force that helps us transcend our personal and collective pain, whether from a death or breakup, addiction or illness. If we don’t acknowledge our own heartache, she says, we can end up inflicting it on others via abuse, domination, or neglect. But if we realize that all humans know—or will know—loss and suffering, we can turn toward one another.  At a time of profound discord and personal anxiety, Bittersweet brings us together in deep and unexpected ways.

'A rich and intimate examination of female desire, Maxine's book is full of wisdom and insight. I cannot recommend it enough' Julia SamuelAfter thirty years of research, Sigmund Freud still felt the great unanswered question was: 'What does a woman want?' Fifteen years into her own journey as a psychotherapist, Maxine Mei-Fung Chung believes her collaboration with her patients holds the answers. Through the profound and moving stories of seven very different women, Maxine Mei-Fung Chung sheds light on our most fundamental needs and desires. From a young bride-to-be struggling to accept her sexuality, to a mother grappling with questions of identity and belonging, and a woman learning to heal after years of trauma, What Women Want is an electrifying and deeply intimate exploration into the inner lives of women.Based on hours of conversations between Maxine and her patients, this book lays bare our fears, hopes, secrets and capacity for healing. With great empathy and precision, What Women Want presents a fearless look into the depths of who we are, so that we can better understand each other and ourselves.To desire is an action. This extraordinary book liberates and empowers us to claim what we truly want.

The editors of this second edition have created a new and enriched volume that presents the most recent research on what works in therapeutic practice, a thorough analysis of this research, and practical guidance on how a therapist can truly “deliver what works in therapy.”

'The story of a disease that plunged its victims into a prison of viscous time, and the drug that catapulted them out of it' Guardian Hailed as a medical classic, and the subject of a major feature film as well as radio and stage plays and various TV documentaries, Awakenings by Oliver Sacks is the extraordinary account of a group of twenty patients. Rendered catatonic by the sleeping-sickness epidemic that swept the world just after the First World War, all twenty had spent forty years in hospital: motionless and speechless; aware of the world around them, but exhibiting no interest in it - until Dr Sacks administered the then-new drug, L-DOPA, which caused them, temporarily, to awake from their decades-long slumber.

"A selection of key passage from Aristotle's seminal work the Nicomachean Ethics, which sets out what it means to flourish and live life well"--

A New York Times Notable Book of 2020A Bloomberg Best Non-Fiction Book of 2020A Behavioral Scientist Notable Book of 2020A Human Behavior & Evolution Society Must-Read Popular Evolution Book of 2020A bold, epic account of how the co-evolution of psychology and culture created the peculiar Western mind that has profoundly shaped the modern world.Perhaps you are WEIRD: raised in a society that is Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic. If so, you're rather psychologically peculiar.Unlike much of the world today, and most people who have ever lived, WEIRD people are highly individualistic, self-obsessed, control-oriented, nonconformist, and analytical. They focus on themselves-their attributes, accomplishments, and aspirations-over their relationships and social roles. How did WEIRD populations become so psychologically distinct? What role did these psychological differences play in the industrial revolution and the global expansion of Europe during the last few centuries?In The WEIRDest People in the World, Joseph Henrich draws on cutting-edge research in anthropology, psychology, economics, and evolutionary biology to explore these questions and more. He illuminates the origins and evolution of family structures, marriage, and religion, and the profound impact these cultural transformations had on human psychology. Mapping these shifts through ancient history and late antiquity, Henrich reveals that the most fundamental institutions of kinship and marriage changed dramatically under pressure from the Roman Catholic Church. It was these changes that gave rise to the WEIRD psychology that would coevolve with impersonal markets, occupational specialization, and free competition-laying the foundation for the modern world.Provocative and engaging in both its broad scope and its surprising details, The WEIRDest People in the World explores how culture, institutions, and psychology shape one another, and explains what this means for both our most personal sense of who we are as individuals and also the large-scale social, political, and economic forces that drive human history. Includes black-and-white illustrations.

This second edition of the award-winning original text brings together in one volume the current thinking and conceptualizations on dissociation and the dissociative disorders. Comprised of ten parts, starting with historical and conceptual issues, and ending with considerations for the present and future, internationally renowned authors in the trauma and dissociation fields explore different facets of dissociation in pathological and non-clinical guises. This book is designed to be the most comprehensive reference book in the dissociation field and aims to provide a scholarly foundation for understanding dissociation, dissociative disorders, current issues and perspectives within the field, theoretical formulations, and empirical findings. Chapters have been thoroughly updated to include recent developments in the field, including: the complex nature of conceptualization, etiology, and neurobiology; the various manifestations of dissociation in clinical and non-clinical forms; and different perspectives on how dissociation should be understood.This book is essential for clinicians, researchers, theoreticians, students of clinical psychology psychiatry, and psychotherapy, and those with an interest or curiosity in dissociation in the various ways it can be conceived and studied.

Now in a revised and expanded fourth edition, this definitive reference and text has more than 50% new material, reflecting a decade of theoretical and empirical advances. Prominent researchers describe major theories and review cutting-edge findings. The volume explores how personality emerges from and interacts with biological, developmental, cognitive, affective, and social processes, and the implications for well-being and health. Innovative research programs and methods are presented throughout. The concluding section showcases emerging issues and new directions in the field. New to This Edition *Expanded coverage of personality development, with chapters on the overall life course, middle childhood, adolescence, and early adulthood. *Three new chapters on affective processes, plus chapters on neurobiology, achievement motivation, cognitive approaches, narcissism, and other new topics. *Section on cutting-edge issues: personality interventions, personality manifestations in everyday life, geographical variation in personality, self-knowledge, and the links between personality and economics. *Added breadth and accessibility--42 more concise chapters, compared to 32 in the prior edition.

Erik H. Erikson is recognized as one of the world's leading figures in the field of psychoanalysis and human development. His ideas about the stages of development, the sources of identity, and the interdependence of individual growth and historical change revolutionized our understanding of the nature and course of psychological growth. Erikson, whose work first described the now familiar concepts of "identity crisis" and "life cycle," provided an unprecedented framework for considering the individual psyche within society and culture. Unveiling a dynamic process of psychological development, he emphasized the tendency toward growth and the integration of multiple influences-the biological, social, psychological, cultural, and historical. With writings from Erikson's entire career, including major work from Childhood and Society, Insight and Responsibility, Young Man Luther, and Gandhi's Truth, this invaluable reader charts the influence of Erikson's thinking in the areas of child psychology, development through the lifespan, leadership, and moral growth.

Drømme er et spændende udtryk for, hvad der sker i vores underbevidsthed, og drømmetydning er et vigtigt redskab til at forstå sig selv bedre. I bogen "Lev dine drømme. Drømme og deres betydning i hverdagen" kaster Åse Stubbe Teglbjærg lys over, hvordan man kommer i kontakt med sine drømme, arbejder med dem og tyder dem. Desuden gennemgås træk af drømmetydningens historie, drømmeforskningens biologiske baggrund og forskellige folkeslags måde at bruge drømme på. Forfatterens tilgang er baseret på C.G. Jungs metode til at bearbejde drømme, og således gennemgås de vigtigste hovedbegreber hos Jung. Samtidig belyses forskellen mellem Jungs og Freuds måde at bearbejde drømme på. idden /title /head body center h1 403 Forbidden /h1 /center /body /htmlÅse Stubbe Teglbjærg (1925-1915) var speciallæge i psykiatri og forfatter til flere bøger om psykologi og andre terapiformer end de traditionelle - heriblandt "Lev dine drømme" (1984), "Billeder fra et terapeutisk værksted" (1987) og "Tunnelen til lyset" (1989).