Økonomiske systemer og strukturer

Democratic planning allows us to effectively address the multiple crises of our time through cooperative modes of collective coordination. Given the destructive consequences of contemporary capitalism, such a structural alternative to market economies is needed more than ever. This accessible work examines various approaches that theorise, practise and nurture a creative construction towards varieties of democratic planning. Drawing from current socio-economic and ecological movements, it explores what future non-capitalist democratic planning could look like. Bringing together important voices in the ongoing debates from scholars to activists, this volume proposes an interdisciplinary and innovative approach to democratic planning in the 21st century and beyond.

At the heart of capitalism lies the idea of 'homo economicus': an ever-rational human being motivated by self-interest which arguably leads societies to economic prosperity. Drawing on French sociologist Marcel Mauss' influential theory of 'the gift', Frank Adloff shatters this fallacy to show mutual trust is the only glue that holds societies together; people are giving beings and they can cooperate for the benefit of all when the logic of maximizing personal gain in capitalism is broken. Acknowledging the role of women, nature, and workers in the Global South in transforming society, this book proposes a politics of conviviality, (from the Latin con-vivere: living together) for global and environmental justice as an alternative to the pursuit of profit, growth, and consumption.

The twentieth century was an era of socialist revolutionary transformations and significant social-democratic reforms. By the twenty-first century, these socialist inspired movements have largely disappeared, their ideologies have been disavowed, and their institutions dismantled and replaced by global neoliberal capitalism. This book explores the social, political and economic forces driving these movements in Western Europe and in the USSR, explaining their initial triumphs and how they eventually faltered under the influence of global neoliberalism. David Lane examines the nature and appeal of neoliberal capitalism and analyses current social and political proposals for its reform or replacement, including statist forms of capitalism; social-democratic and ecological globalization reforms; self-sustaining autonomous communities; and globalised forms of social-democracy or socialism. Outlining his own proposal to replace global neoliberal capitalism with political systems based on a combination of market socialism and state planning, Lane provides important insights for ways forward, and a challenge for parties seeking political and economic alternatives.

Lenin's Marxist classic explains the inevitable flaws and destructive power of capitalism: that it would lead unavoidably to imperialism, monopolies and colonialism.

The source of all wealth is enterprise. Enterprise is the action of the Entrepreneur to start a firm to produce and sell goods and services, and it is intended that the firm would operate under increasing returns to scale. The book is based fundamentally on the concept of increasing returns to scale. Increasing returns to scale is the source of profits. The economic theory of increasing returns to scale is discussed in detail, and this concept explains why enterprise and entrepreneurs operate through increasing returns to scale create wealth.

The objective of this Element is to provide an analysis of social protection from an economic perspective. It relies on tools and methods widely used in public and insurance economics and comprises four main section besides the introduction. The first section is devoted to the design of social protection programs and their political sustainability. The second section assesses the efficiency and performance of social protection programs, and of the welfare state as a whole. In the third section, the relative merits of social and private insurance are analyzed as well as the design of optimum insurance contract with emphasis on health and pensions. The last section focuses on the implications of asymmetric information that may lead governments to adopt policies that would otherwise be rejected in a perfect information setting.

Unbundling the Enterprise provides a blueprint for companies to remain relevant and maximize growth in the digital economy by embracing the flexibility and optionality enabled by APIs.

Why the market will never solve the Climate Crisis

How Marx and Spinoza can explain our perverse attachment to the indignities of work

Die Welt ist aus den Fugen geraten. So können wir nicht weiterleben. Seit Jahrzehnten setzt sich weltweit eine neoliberale ökonomische Sicht der gesellschaftlichen und politisch-wirtschaftlichen Welt durch. Sie zerstört soziale und politische Mitmenschlichkeit, das Gesundheitswesen und die Ökosysteme dieser Erde zugunsten der alleinigen kommerziellen und machtbesessenen Regulierungen. Die Welt wird apokalyptisch bedroht durch kapitalistische Wachstumsideologie und utilitaristischen Fortschrittsglauben.Dem setzen wir unsere Vision von "Konvivialismus", Börngen BoD 2020, besser zusammenleben, statt einander niederzumetzeln, gegenüber. Sie kann die Welt zum Besseren verändern. Alle menschgedachten "wertvollen Elemente" der Jahrhunderte in Bezug auf "heilige Eingebungen", Vernunft in Philosophie und Morallehren sowie Freiheit in politischen Ideologien müssen zur Transformation und Umkehr unseres Lebens führen. Dies bedeutet ein erweiterter Humanismus und eine Politik der Menschenwürde. Letztlich geht es um eine globale Verwirklichung von Frieden, Gerechtigkeit und Bewahrung der Schöpfung, religionsverbindend um eine Ökumene der Weltreligionen. 40 Verantwortliche unserer Zeit, darunter Vertreter von acht Weltreligionen, haben dazu in großer Weltverantwortung und bewegender Gemeinsamkeit ihre Sicht darstellen können. Gefragt ist eine weltweite Vernetzung vieler zivilgesellschaftlicher Bewegungen durch Gedankenaustausch und konvivialistische Zusammenarbeit, eine globale Zivilgesellschaft als Gegenstück zur kapitalistischen Globalisierung. In der Klimakatastrophe hat aktuell "absolute Priorität die Senkung des CO2-Ausstoßes und die Nutzung der erneuerbaren Energien anstelle der Kernkraft und der fossilen Energien."

Globalised neoliberal capitalism continues to entrench inequality, environmental degradation, and social division. The Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra (MST), or Brazilian Landless Rural Workers Movement, offer us a route beyond any theoretical impasse or reluctant acquiescence to the enduring social and economic status quo. Through time spent working and being among the MST many of their defining features and practices are mapped. These include land occupations; the organisation of work co-operatively; the practising of agro-ecology; participatory democracy; implementation of gender quotas for community leadership positions; and the application of principles based upon the 'common good'. From these experiences, challenges, and successes there is a great deal that we as a global community can learn from MST communities as we think about alternative, just futures.

"An original, bold, and convincing argument for a cap on wealth by the philosopher who coined the term "limitarianism" that invites us to a radical reimagining of our world"--

Belt and Road Initiative: Emerging World Order is an attempt to analyses President Xi Jinping's concept of connectivity and cooperation. I have tried to examine the future of BRI. There can be no economic and political development without the availability of modern infrastructure. In this context development of digital technology assumes importance. BRI is spread over land and the maritime zone. The two components are inter related. BRI should not be viewed only as a set of trade routes; it is much more than that. The economic corridors will create interdependence and promote cooperation. While BRI is envisaged as a system which could lead to peace and prosperity among states. However, there are some threats which cannot be ignored. Members of BRI will have to devise a strategy to meet future challenges without getting involved in wars.

China-Linking Markets for Growth gathers together leading scholars on China's economic success and its effect on the world economy into the next few decades.

The book discusses China's economic transformation with contributions made by leading analysts from China, the United States and Australia.

"This is an eye-opening, must-read blockbuster of a book showing how banks' money and power corrupts Washington and our financial system. Compellingly and insightfully connecting the dots, Gerald Epstein details how the bankers' club is also a literal club, beating down opposition and hardworking Americans, and concludes with a visionary plan for how the system can be changed to benefit all Americans."--Dennis M. Kelleher, President and CEO, Better Markets "Busting the Bankers' Club reminds us that the United States has still not fixed the weaknesses in its banking system to prevent financial meltdowns. Epstein exposes why the fault lines are still there and what we can do to prepare for the next disaster when no amount of regulation is sufficient."--Jennifer Taub, author of Big Dirty Money and host of the podcast Booked Up with Jen Taub "An essential guide to all that's gone so deeply wrong in the US financial sector. 'Roaring finance' has destroyed the economy and upended the lives of working people (and too often distorted the priorities of those who represent them). A 'bankers' club' now threatens democracy by amplifying the power of Wall Street. Epstein offers a concrete road map for bold yet achievable strategies to reclaim finance for the social good."--Ilene Grabel, author of When Things Don't Fall Apart: Global Financial Governance and Developmental Finance in an Age of Productive Incoherence "Busting the Bankers' Club is a revealing look behind the curtain of the banking industry's various crises and failures. Instead of focusing on the policies or practices that lead to such disparate economic outcomes in our economy, Epstein hones in on the network of people, from bankers to lobbyists to academic economists, who tightly control the credit and capital structure that rightfully belongs to the people. Epstein's account correctly identifies an often-overlooked source of unfairness and also points the way forward through a more democratic and just banking system run for and on behalf of the people. This book is a must-read for students of finance and activists alike, written by a foremost scholar in the field. The book is timely, necessary, and enlightening."--Mehrsa Baradaran, Professor of Law, University of California, Irvine "Gerald Epstein's Busting the Bankers' Club is an indispensable guide to how the financial elite made banking a self-serving and unstable cartel, and how to turn banking back into the servant of the real economy rather than the master."--Robert Kuttner, coeditor of The American Prospect and Professor of Social Policy and Management, Brandeis University "Read this book before the bankers get it banned. In lucid and accessible prose, Epstein tells us what's wrong with the bankers' club and what should be done to bust it apart and build finance that works for the rest of us."--Fred Block, Research Professor of Sociology, University of California, Davis

Pundits, journalists, and individuals bemoan the state of the economy on a regular basis, but they usually direct their criticism at Wall Street manipulators and big corporations.The real blame should go to the structure of a system that condones and overlooks practices leading to world economic and financial crises that create high unemployment, a huge increase in debt, and a widening gap between the super rich and the poor.All this is leading to the destruction of the middle class and an alarming increase in the cost of living. Various solutions have been proposed, including nationalization of the entire private economy or an increase in private control of big banks and corporations. Others advocate simply taking over Wall Street without any clearly defined objectives.A new system would prevent the economic and financial crises as well as the social upheavals that go along with them, but it's none of those described above. Learn about "Equitocracy" and what you can do to promote its objectives.¿Radu Buzescu earned two master's degrees ---- one from a European university and the other from an American university --- and has conducted extensive on social, economic, and financial structures. He currently lives in New York

Employee ownership creates stronger companies, helps workers build wealth, and fosters a fairer, more stable society. In this book, two leading experts show how it works-and how it can be greatly expanded. Wages don't cover the bills. Wealth inequality is growing. Social trust is eroding. There are endless debates about what to do, but one key factor is inexplicably left out: who owns the companies that drive the economy?Ownership matters. Ownership by a few means benefits for a few. But if you spread ownership around, you spread the benefits of capitalism around. Employee ownership lets workers build real wealth, not just pick up a paycheck. And it's a piece of the puzzle that's in plain sight. As Corey Rosen and John Case point out, there are already thousands of prosperous employee-owned companies. Rosen and Case explain why so many companies end up being owned by Wall Street shareholders or private equity firms-and why that kind of ownership encourages a focus on short-term profits rather than the long-term sustainability needed by employees, communities, and the environment. They show the limits of reform efforts that don't address the essential issue of who owns what. But the heart of the book is a deep dive into how employee ownership originated, how it works now, and what needs to be done to expand it. The book looks at how the idea is growing, both in the United States and around the world-and why all sides of the political spectrum support it. Rosen and Case offer a vivid portrait of a form of ownership that results in more prosperous workers, more responsible companies, and a fairer, more stable society.

From the author of the modern business classic The Smartest Guys in the Room comes a damning indictment of late-stage capitalism-and the leaders that were brutally unprepared for a global pandemic.In 2020, the coronavirus pandemic made it painfully clear that governments across the world could not adequately protect their citizens. Millions of people suffered and died in just two years, while administrations around the globe blundered; prize-winning economists overlooked devastating trade-offs from the collapse of trade; and elites escaped to isolated retreats, unaffected by - and worse, even profiting from - the worst healthcare crisis to hit humanity in decades.In this page-turning economic, political and financial history, veteran journalists Bethany McClean and Joseph Nocera analyse the American response to the pandemic as a case study, to offer fresh and provocative answers. With laser-sharp reporting and deep sourcing, they investigate what really happened when governments ran out of PPE due to snarled supply chains; and the shock to the financial system when the world's biggest economies stumbled. They zero in on the effectiveness of wildly polarised approaches across states, and they trace why thousands died in hollowed-out hospital systems and nursing homes run by private equity firms, all in the name of "maximising shareholder value".The Big Fail is an expansive, gripping narrative account on what the pandemic did to one economy, and how it forced us to question the fundamental principles of our society