Økonomiske systemer og strukturer

Branko Milanovic charts 200 years of the fascinating history of the discourse on inequality through portraits of six key economists, from Quesnay to Kuznets. In their work and lives, we see how differently each conceived of inequality, and how the subject, prominent in their times, was eclipsed during the Cold War and has become central once again.

Det diskuteres jævnligt, i hvilket omfang racisme findes, men ifølge Thomas Piketty kan racisme måles. Den er indlejret i de samfundsmæssige og økonomiske strukturer. Og selvom der overalt kan observeres ulighed, som har at gøre med menneskers ophav, er der begrænset politisk vilje til at sætte ind over for diskrimination og racisme. Vil vi bekæmpe diskrimination, er det nødvendigt at bekæmpe klassemæssig ulighed i bredere forstand og udtænke en transnational model, som giver os mulighed for at måle og modvirke racisme. Thomas Piketty (f. 1971) er professor ved École d’économie de Paris, som han i 2006 var med til at etablere. Han er forfatter til bestsellerne "Kapitalen i det 21. århundrede" (2013) og "Kapital og ideologi" (2019) samt "En kort historie om lighed" (2022).

Konkurrencestaten er et discountsamfund. Det er konklusionen i denne bog om forholdene på arbejdsmarkedet, i velfærden og i uddannelses­systemerne. I konkurrencestaten er det selv­forsørgelsen og overlevelsen, der er det centrale. Ikke den enestående præstation. Velfærdsprofessionelle beskriver arbejdsforhold, der sætter lav pris over høj kvalitet, også selvom det går ud over borgernes velfærd. Og eget helbred. Elever fortæller om en 'frygtkultur' og et karakter­ræs i en skole, hvor det er vigtigere at bestå end at forstå. I discountsamfundet er det vigtigere at passere end at præstere. At præsentere noget, der ser godt ud, snarere end at gøre godt. At makke ret, snarere end at gøre det rigtige. Individet presses derfor til at gå på kompromis med faglige og etiske standarder og til at tilsidesætte både sin egen og den andens menneskelighed. Men, der ydes også modstand - fra alle dem som i hverdagen bliver udsat for discountsamfundets umenneskelige krav om selv­afvikling.

The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) operates multiple hazard mitigation assistance (HMA) grant programs as a way to promote a national culture of preparedness and public safety, mitigate the consequences that disasters have for communities and infrastructure, and reduce future draws on the Disaster Relief Fund. The Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act requires FEMA to ensure that these mitigation activities are cost-effective. To determine cost-effectiveness, FEMA currently requires any project seeking HMA grants to include a benefit-cost analysis (BCA), implemented in accordance with Office of Management and Budget Circular A-94. Applicants for mitigation grants have provided extensive feedback that the BCA process is cumbersome and that finding the right data to include in the calculations of costs and benefits is difficult. FEMA is concerned that the administrative burdens and the costs of application processes could discourage subapplicants with fewer resources from applying or place them at a disadvantage in developing quality applications. Furthermore, two 2021 executive orders direct federal agencies to achieve greater equity and fairness in allocating federal resources. Two HMA grant programs have been selected as pilot programs for the corresponding federalwide Justice40 Initiative. The authors found that FEMA's dual goals of equity and simplicity occasionally compete, that FEMA has the authority to implement recommended changes, and that FEMA's approach to BCA differs from those of other federal entities. The authors identify nine changes that FEMA could implement to address the inequities introduced by the use of BCA in the HMA grant process.

Recessions are generally times of economic hardship when companies cut staff and prices on the stock market fall and stay low. Unfortunately, a recession is something beyond our control, but what we can control is how we respond and prepare for a financial recession. Taking precautionary measures to protect your finances can make a world of difference, make sure you take some of all these steps to recession-proof your finances. The secrets in this guide will show you how to survive and even thrive during a recession! Here is what you get in our massive info-packed "Recession Income Secrets" Premier Training guide: An Overview: Recession Income Secrets.Stuff that Sells the Best During Recession.All About Investment During Recession.Survival Skills.Know the Recession Secrets in Digital Marketing.All About Platforms during Recession.Save Yourself from these Blunder Mistakes.Benefits of Learning the 'Recession Income Secrets'.Best Ways to Prepare Yourself Mentally.Growth During Recession.

EPDF and EPUB available open access under CC-BY-NC-ND licence. Money is central to capitalism and to our many sustainability crises. Could we remake money so as to advance sustainable economies and fair societies? A growing number of scholars, politicians and activists think we can, and they are doing it from the bottom up. This book examines how grassroots groups, municipalities and radical crypto-entrepreneurs are remaking money by designing and organising complementary currencies. It argues that in their novel ideas and governance practices lie the key for building green and inclusive economies. Engaging imaginatively with the future of money, this accessible book will appeal to anyone interested in constructing a more sustainable and just world.

U.S. Marine Corps Systems Command asked the RAND Corporation to assess the Marine Corps offensive cyber operations acquisition life cycle and identify ways to improve the transparency of related decisionmaking. The authors brought together data on operational capability, scheduling, and risk to develop a life-cycle cost-estimating framework. This framework should help Joint Cyber Weapons (JCW) program leadership understand the potential costs and provide additional guidance on budgeting considerations. It incorporates five classes of inputs and has three types of outputs. In creating the framework, the authors considered the demand for exploits from the operational user, as well as the type of cyber weapon (e.g., exploit, implant, payload), the weapon's target environment (e.g., desktop or mobile systems), vulnerability decay rate, the adversary's defense capabilities, weapon cost, and how various acquisitions are phased in and out of service over time. The framework also addresses the production of cyber weapons, their costs, and how uncertainties are distributed over a specified period. The authors conducted exploratory modeling and simulation to better understand associated uncertainties and model inputs.

Revenue down. New customers scarce. Costs skyrocketing. That's the reality that many businesses are facing today... and the economic storm hasn't even hit yet. For many business owners and leaders, the fear of what's happening, and what's to come, is creeping under their skin and keeping them awake at night. So much uncertainty... so few answers. The storm sirens are blaring as loud as ever: Major - economic bedrock - companies, are missing their targets and steeply down-trending their forecasts. Financial firms are collapsing. Banks are holding back lines of credit, or even recalling them. And billionaires like Jeff Bezos are advising everyone to "batten down the hatches". Yikes! These aren't just empty words of caution either. The data backs it up with Hubspot reporting that a whopping 67% of consumers reported at the end of 2022 that they are spending more cautiously, purchasing less, or outright avoiding making purchases beyond absolute necessities. Another 20% on top of that were expecting to slow their spending in 2023. There is no denying it, the times ahead are going to be hard. There should be no question in your mind about that. The question that should be in your mind is this: "What can I do to prepare my business for the tough times ahead?" That's the question that this book answers.

Compreender o essencial do modelo de fixação de preços de bens de capital (também conhecido como CAPM) em apenas 50 minutos com este livro prático e conciso. O modelo de precificação de bens de capital é um método matemático que é utilizado para estimar a rentabilidade de qualquer activo financeiro. O CAPM é um dos métodos mais populares de avaliação de risco e visa dar aos investidores o máximo de informação possível sobre potenciais investimentos, permitindo-lhes criar a sua carteira de investimentos a partir de uma combinação de activos arriscados e seguros, como entenderem. Este livro irá fornecer-lhe uma introdução útil ao CAPM e como utilizá-lo para fazer melhores investimentos. Para além de aprender como obter os maiores retornos dos seus investimentos, irá considerar estudos de casos da vida real, descobrir sobre as deficiências da ferramenta, incluindo o limite da diversificação da carteira, e aprender sobre modelos relacionados, tais como a teoria de preços de arbitragem e o modelo multifactor. Sobre o modelo de precificação de bens de capital : O CAPM foi desenvolvido numa altura em que os mercados financeiros estavam a começar a melhorar e a normalizar. Permite aos investidores tomar decisões de investimento informadas e ponderar o risco de um produto com os seus potenciais retornos. Por outras palavras, ajuda os investidores a desperdiçar o mínimo de dinheiro possível e a fazer escolhas comerciais racionais. Outra vantagem do modelo é que lhe dá a taxa de desconto apropriada para calcular a receita futura de um negócio. Além disso, embora possa ser menos preciso do que outros métodos, tais como a teoria de preços de arbitragem, é mais simples de utilizar. Neste livro, descobrirá como o CAPM o pode ajudar, aprenderá a avaliar um activo financeiro, e a utilizar os seus resultados para fazer melhores investimentos. Uma explicação clara dos benefícios e potenciais inconvenientes do método, uma discussão de um estudo de caso prático, e uma introdução a modelos relacionados dar-lhe-ão as ferramentas de que necessita para adaptar a sua abordagem à sua situação.

This sweeping history of classical economics shows how the work ethic has been used both to oppress workers and to liberate them. Today's neoliberalism offers an oppressive version of the work ethic. However, the work ethic also offers resources for reorganizing the economy on behalf of ordinary people.

Information Technology in Organisations and Societies: Multidisciplinary Perspectives from AI to Technostress consolidates studies on key issues and phenomena concerning the positive and negative aspects of IT use as well as prescribing future research avenues in related research.

"Author of The Divine Right of Capital exposes the myths of capitalism today and calls for an end to wealth supremacy and capital bias. Wealth Supremacy makes a case that no one else is making: instead of pointing to billionaires as the sole problem or being another analysis of wealth inequality, it clearly articulates the pervasive, unnamed bias toward wealth that invisibly pervades the system. We know the system is rigged-what isn't commonly understood is how. Marjorie Kelly skillfully reveals how bias toward capital works, breaking down the pretenses that legitimize and obscure the deep operating system that drives large corporations and extractive investing"--

The Danish social welfare model has helped place Denmark solidly among the leading countries in the Western world. Social Welfare — The Danish Model charts the dynamics between the public sector, the business sector and the civil sector. These are the three main actors in the continued negotiations about the Danish model; it is through their agreement (and disagreement) that new and improved versions of the model emerge in support of the country’s progress and competitive advantage. And – not least – in support of a society that is a decent society for all. Bjarne Hastrup (MSc. Political Science) is Managing Director and Co-Founder of DaneAge Association, and a Director of DaneAge Foundation. He is very active in the social welfare debate in Denmark and has written a number of books and articles on this topic. He also teaches graduate and undergraduate courses in the Danish social welfare model and social welfare economics at the University of Copenhagen.