Økonomiske systemer og strukturer

A collection of one-on-one discussions with 40 of the world's greatest thought and action leaders and prominent philanthropic figures.

"Modern capitalism emerged in England in the eighteenth century and ushered in the Industrial Revolution, though scholars have long debated why. Some attribute the causes to technological change while others point to the Protestant ethic, liberal ideas, and cultural change. The Wealth of a Nation reveals the crucial developments in legal and financial institutions in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries that help to explain this dramatic transformation. Offering new perspectives on the early history of capitalism, Geoffrey Hodgson describes how, for the emerging British economy, pressures from without were as important as evolution from within. He shows how intensive military conflicts overseas forced the state to undertake major financial, administrative, legal, and political reforms. The resulting institutional changes not only bolstered the British war machine--they fostered the Industrial Revolution. Hodgson traces how Britain's war capitalism led to an expansion of its empire and a staggering increase in the slave trade, and how the institutional innovations that radically transformed the British economy were copied and adapted by countries around the world. A landmark work of scholarship, The Wealth of a Nation sheds light on how external factors such as war gave rise to institutional arrangements that facilitated finance, banking, and investment, and offers a conceptual framework for further research into the origins and consolidation of capitalism in England."--

Capitalism XXL calls for changing the rules of capitalism in order to tame giant corporations and restore the individual to the world economy. Noels proposes an approach that considers human dimensions and describes a sustainable future economy that will not burden subsequent generations with debt, social inequality, and environmental damage.

"Rainer Zitelmann examines the ten most common objections to capitalism: capitalism leads to hunger and poverty, to rising inequality, to unnecessary consumption, to environmental destruction, to climate change, and wars. Capitalism, its critics say, prioritizes profits over humanity, creates dominant monopolies, and undermines democracy. Zitelmann scrutinizes each of these arguments in turn and reveals the flaws that debunk them. He offers counter arguments to each charge, deploying historical evidence and facts to prove that it is not capitalism that has failed, but a century of anti-capitalist experiments. The second part of the book explores popular perceptions of capitalism in Europe, the USA, Latin America, and Asia and is based on a specially commissioned Ipsos MORI poll of 21 countries, the results of which are presented here for the first time."--

A collection of writings from one of the anti-Apartheid struggle's major revolutionary public intellectuals

An insightful case study about the effects of capitalism on the indigenous experience in northern Argentina

Internationale Investoren in Ostdeutschland Die rapide Massenprivatisierung der ostdeutschen Wirtschaft nach der "Wende" ging zu keinem Zeitpunkt allein von der alten Bundesrepublik aus. Keith R. Allen schildert in seiner englischsprachigen Studie das Engagement von Akteuren aus dem Ausland - vor allem aus Westeuropa - als Investoren, als Rat- und Kapitalgeber sowie als Mitentscheider über erhebliche Beihilfen von Land und Bund. Es geht nicht darum zu bewerten, was bei der Übernahme der ostdeutschen Wirtschaft durch die Bundesrepublik falsch - oder möglicherweise richtig - gelaufen ist. Vielmehr zeigt diese Studie, dass die Marktentwicklungen im Deutschland der 1990er Jahre eng mit Akteuren, Ereignissen und Interessen in westeuropäischen Ländern und den USA verknüpft waren. Ein englischsprachiger Beitrag zur Geschichte der Treuhandanstalt Dieses Buch steht im Open Access unter der Creative-Commons-Lizenz CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 auf dem Dokumentenserver »Zeitgeschichte Open« des Instituts für Zeitgeschichte München-Berlin bereit: www.ifz-muenchen.de/bibliothek/zeitgeschichte-open. DOI 10.15463/ifz-2023-1Die Veröffentlichung wurde durch den Open-Access-Publikationsfonds für Monografien der Leibniz-Gemeinschaft gefördert.

Stigma is a corrosive social force by which individuals and communities throughout history have been systematically dehumanised, scapegoated and oppressed. From the literal stigmatizing (tattooing) of criminals in ancient Greece, to modern day discrimination against Muslims, refugees and the 'undeserving poor', stigma has long been a means of securing the interests of powerful elites.In this radical reconceptualisation Tyler precisely and passionately outlines the political function of stigma as an instrument of state coercion. Through an original social and economic reframing of the history of stigma, Tyler reveals stigma as a political practice, illuminating previously forgotten histories of resistance against stigmatization, boldly arguing that these histories provide invaluable insights for understanding the rise of authoritarian forms of government today.

Section 1652 of the fiscal year 2020 National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) tasks the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) to perform a zero-based review (ZBR)-a detailed review rather than a simple comparison with previous size or budget-of its cybersecurity and information technology (IT) workforces. DoD engaged the RAND National Defense Research Institute to produce a process for validating and ensuring the consistency of data and analysis used for its ZBR. The authors organize the NDAA requirements into five themes: current workforce, current work performed, manning and capability gaps, potential barriers to efficiency and effectiveness, and potential future changes in work performed or requirements. Organizations across the four DoD services-the U.S. Air Force, Army, Marine Corps, and Navy-plus the Defense Information Systems Agency were selected to participate in the DoD cyber ZBR. Collectively, the participating organizations reported a total of almost 18,000 cybersecurity and IT personnel, 84 percent of whom are civilians and 16 percent of whom are military personnel. The authors use quantitative and qualitative research methods to analyze multiple data sources, such as DoD workforce data, subject-matter expert interviews with organizational leadership, a work analysis data call, a comparison of DoD and private sector cyber workforces, and a sample of cybersecurity and IT position descriptions. They present key findings, aggregated across the participating organizations and arranged by theme. The ZBR process described in this report constitutes a transparent, repeatable process with which DoD can conduct ZBRs across the DoD cyber enterprise.

A clear analysis of the about-turn in the modern financial sector towards free market authoritarianism