Økonomiske systemer og strukturer

In this report, researchers describe fifth-generation (5G) security and identify where the United States has security advantages or disadvantages relative to China in the 5G competition and how to preserve those advantages.

This book presents a new history of economic crises, looking at seven crashes over the past two hundred years, showing how some pushed markets in the direction of more cross-border integration of labor, goods, and capital markets while others prompted substantial deglobalization.

In countries with officially egalitarian property law, women still accumulate less wealth than men. Combining quantitative, ethnographic, and archival research, The Gender of Capital explains how and why women of all classes are economically disadvantaged at crucial junctures in family life such as divorce, inheritance, and succession.

Researchers assessed quantum computing vulnerabilities in the 55 national critical functions (NCFs) for urgency, scope, cost per organization, other mitigating or exacerbating factors, and priority for assistance. This report documents the findings.

Fredrik Albritton Jonsson and Carl Wennerlind chart ideas about economic scarcity across centuries of European intellectual history. Showing how ideologies of infinite desire and infinite growth came to dominate capitalist societies, they argue for alternative modes of economic thought that respect nature's boundaries in the face of climate crisis.

From the Wall Street Journal's Tripp Mickle, the dramatic, untold story inside Apple after the passing of Steve Jobs by following his top lieutenants--Jony Ive, the Chief Design Officer, and Tim Cook, the COO-turned-CEO--and how the fading of the former and the rise of the latter led to Apple losing its soul.Steve Jobs called Jony Ive his spiritual partner at Apple. The London-born genius was the second-most powerful person at Apple and the creative force who most embodies Jobs's spirit, the man who designed the products adopted by hundreds of millions the world over: the iPod, iPad, MacBook Air, the iMac G3, and the iPhone. In the wake of his close collaborator's death, the chief designer wrestled with grief and initially threw himself into his work designing the new Apple headquarters and the Watch before losing his motivation in a company increasingly devoted more to margins than to inspiration.In many ways, Cook was Ive's opposite. The product of a small Alabama town, he had risen through the ranks from the supply side of the company. His gift was not the creation of new products. Instead, he had invented countless ways to maximize a margin, squeezing some suppliers, persuading others to build factories the size of cities to churn out more units. He considered inventory evil. He knew how to make subordinates sweat with withering questions.Jobs selected Cook as his successor, and Cook oversaw a period of tremendous revenue growth that has lifted Apple's valuation to $2 trillion. He built a commanding business in China and rapidly distinguished himself as a master politician who could forge global alliances and send the world's stock market into freefall with a single sentence.Author Tripp Mickle spoke with more than 200 current and former Apple executives, as well as figures key to this period of Apple's history, including Trump administration officials and fashion luminaries such as Anna Wintour while writing After Steve. His research shows the company's success came at a cost. Apple lost its innovative spirit and has not designed a new category of device in years. Ive's departure in 2019 marked a culmination in Apple's shift from a company of innovation to one of operational excellence, and the price is a company that has lost its soul.Supplemental enhancement PDF accompanies the audiobook.

Med pandemien kom en helt anden hverdag for de fleste mennesker, langt fra den vi normalt oplever. Der er blevet talt meget om hvad der er dét normale i forbindelse med pandemien, men som Linn Stalsberg siger, må vi ”forstå at der ikke findes én type normalitet, men flere parallelle normaliteter”. Den normalitet vi ikke skal savne og tilbage til er den nyliberale normalitet – som Linn beskrev i DET ER NOK NU. I stedet må vi efter pandemien vælge en normalitet, som sætter ”os på sporet af en anden fremtid”. Det er naturligvis ikke uden dilemmaer og paradokser, som for eksempel hvis vi nedsætter vores forbrug af tøj, hvis produktion er i høj grad klima- og ressourcebelastende. Det vil alt andet lige gå ud over tekstilarbejdere i f.eks. Bangladesh. Denne ”normalitet, den er ikke enkel”, men ”den vi må tale mest brutalt åbent om”.

"With alarming frequency, modern economies go through macro-financial crashes that arise from the financial sector and spread to the broader economy, inflicting deep and prolonged recessions. A Crash Course on Crises brings together the latest cutting-edge economic research to identify the seeds of these crashes, reveal their triggers and consequences, and explain what policymakers can do about them. Each of the book's ten self-contained chapters introduces readers to a key economic force and provides case studies that illustrate how that force was dominant. Markus Brunnermeier and Ricardo Reis show how the run-up phase of a crisis often occurs in ways that are preventable but that may go unnoticed and discuss how debt contracts, banks, and a search for safety can act as triggers and amplifiers that drive the economy to crash. Brunnermeier and Reis then explain how monetary, fiscal, and exchange-rate policies can respond to crises and prevent them from becoming persistent. With case studies ranging from Chile in the 1970s to the COVID-19 pandemic, A Crash Course on Crises synthesizes a vast literature into ten simple, accessible ideas and illuminates these concepts using novel diagrams and a clear analytical framework."--Amazon.com

Peripheralizing DeLillo tracks the historical arc of Don DeLillo's poetics as it recomposes itself across the genres of short fiction, romance, the historical novel, and the philosophical novel of time. Drawing on theories that capital, rather than the bourgeoisie, is the displaced subject of the novel, Thomas Travers investigates DeLillo's representation of fully commodified social worlds and re-evaluates Marxist accounts of the novel and its philosophy of history. Deploying an innovative re-periodisation, Travers considers the evolution of DeLillo's aesthetic forms as they register and encode one of the crises of contemporary historicity: the secular dynamics through which a society organised around waged work tends towards conditions of under- and unemployment. Situating DeLillo within global histories of uneven and combined development, Travers explores how DeLillo's treatment of capital and labour, affect and narration, reconfigures debates around realism and modernism. The DeLillo that emerges from this study is no longer an exemplary postmodern writer, but a composer of capitalist epics, a novelist drawn to peripheral zones of accumulation, zones of social death whose surplus populations his fiction strives to re-historicise, if not re-dialecticise as subjects of history.

'An eye-opening, deeply disturbing, fast-moving journey through the lives, homes and affairs of the filthy rich of London' Danny Dorling'Fascinating, punchy, thought-provoking. Serious Money exposes the corrosive impact of London's super rich on our economy, society and politics, and comprehensively busts the myth that their wealth trickles down to the rest of us' Frances O'GradyLondon is a plutocrat's paradise, with more resident billionaires than New York, Hong Kong or Moscow. Far from trickling down, their wealth is burning up the environment and swallowing up the city. But what do we really know about London's super rich, and the lives they lead?To find out more about this secretive, security-heavy elite, sociologist Caroline Knowles walks the streets of London from the City to suburban Surrey, via Kensington, Notting Hill, Mayfair and elsewhere. Her walks reveal how the wealthy shape the capital in their image, creating a new world of gated communities and luxury developments. A move behind closed doors takes us ever further into the dark heart of the plutocratic city, from multimillion-pound mansions to high-end hotels and gentlemen's clubs. Along the way we meet a wide and wickedly entertaining cast of millionaires, billionaires and those who serve them: bankers, aristocrats, tech tycoons, Conservative party donors, butlers, bodyguards, divorce lawyers and many, many more.By turns jaw-dropping, enraging and enlightening, Serious Money explodes the fiction that wealth is a condition to aspire to, revealing the isolation and paranoia which accompany it when the plutocrat's recompense - a life of unlimited luxury - ultimately proves hollow. It is a powerful reminder us that it is not just the super-rich who get to make the city: we make it too, and could demand something different. Because serious money is good for no one - not even the rich.'Magnificent ... Knowles writes with enviable lightness and pace about how money, property, birth, breeding, contacts, secrecy, and servants have created a class that owns and milks London, a world away from the city's ordinary citizens' Professor Ash Amin, author of Seeing Like a City

Max Weber's celebrated thesis, which explores the relationship between Protestant work ethic and the emergence of capitalist enterprise, is presented here inclusive of his lengthy notes.

Die im Westen lange vorherrschende Überzeugung, dass der Kapitalismus das effizienteste Wirtschaftssystem und zugleich ein natürlicher Verbündeter der Demokratie ist, ist seit der Weltfinanzkrise von 2008 zweifelhaft geworden. Die Symptome einer säkularen Stagnation und die Verschärfung der sozialen Ungleichheit führen zu wachsendem Misstrauen gegenüber dem Krisenmanagement der etablierten Politik und geben den populistischen Bewegungen Auftrieb. Hierdurch erodiert die Konsensbasis, der die westlichen Nachkriegsgesellschaften ihre Stabilität verdanken. Lässt sich der Kapitalismus demokratisch reformieren? Sind alternative Wirtschaftssysteme denkbar, die nicht in einen autoritären Staatssozialismus oder -korporatismus zurückfallen?Mit Beiträgen vonJens Beckert | Maria Behrens | Colin Crouch | Christoph Deutschmann | Nancy Fraser | Peter Imbusch | Tobias Nikolaus Klass | Regina Kreide | David Löw Beer | Georg Lohmann | Jo Moran-Ellis | Patrizia Nanz | Frank Nullmeier | Claus Offe | William Outhwaite | Reinhard Pfriem | Smail Rapic | Anne Reichold | Darrow Schecter | David Strecker | Wolfgang Streeck | Joseph Vogl | Lutz Wingert

Thinking beyond pandemic capitalism

Hilaire Belloc lived a remarkably accomplished life, serving as President of the Oxford Union and as a Member of the British Parliament. The author of over 150 works, Belloc wrote numerous essays, travelogues, and volumes on history, politics, and economics. Among the best-known of his non-fiction works is "The Servile State". First published in 1912, this work is an economic history of Europe, starting in ancient times, through the middle ages, to the industrial revolution, and finally culminating in an assessment of the state of the European economy in the first part of the 20th century. Belloc begins his thesis with an examination of the impact of slavery in ancient times, serfdom in the Middle Ages, and posits his theories on how European society transitioned to its current state of capitalism. Largely a polemic against the social reforms of the early 20th century, Belloc argues that state regulation will ultimately give rise to a new type of slavery by an authoritarian state. While his predictions regarding the results of state regulation over the excesses of capitalism have proved to be radically hyperbolic, "The Servile State" remains an insightful discussion of the state of political economics in the early part of the 20th century. This edition is printed on premium acid-free paper.

Almost every schoolchild learns that Thomas Edison invented the light bulb.

Finally, the much awaited third book in Palda's "Social Calculus Trilogy" which covers all branches of economics. In A Better Kind of Violence Palda reveals how in recent years economists have learned to fuse economics and politics to produce a total theory of power. The most surprising conclusions are that politics tends towards a limited form of efficiency and that the advice of policy experts is irrelevant. The book draws on the three pillars of economics (individual maximization of utility, material constraints, the emergence of equilibrium) to show how economists have bypassed all other social sciences in creating the greatest breakthrough in political thinking since Plato.

An against-the-grain polemic on American capitalism from New York Times bestselling author Tyler Cowen.We love to hate the 800-pound gorilla. Walmart and Amazon destroy communities and small businesses. Facebook turns us into addicts while putting our personal data at risk. From skeptical politicians like Bernie Sanders who, at a 2016 presidential campaign rally said, "If a bank is too big to fail, it is too big to exist," to millennials, only 42 percent of whom support capitalism, belief in big business is at an all-time low. But are big companies inherently evil? If business is so bad, why does it remain so integral to the basic functioning of America? Economist and bestselling author Tyler Cowen says our biggest problem is that we don't love business enough. In Big Business, Cowen puts forth an impassioned defense of corporations and their essential role in a balanced, productive, and progressive society. He dismantles common misconceptions and untangles conflicting intuitions. According to a 2016 Gallup survey, only 12 percent of Americans trust big business "quite a lot," and only 6 percent trust it "a great deal." Yet Americans as a group are remarkably willing to trust businesses, whether in the form of buying a new phone on the day of its release or simply showing up to work in the expectation they will be paid. Cowen illuminates the crucial role businesses play in spurring innovation, rewarding talent and hard work, and creating the bounty on which we've all come to depend.