Sundhedsøkonomi

Digital healthcare is heterogeneous along the entire treatment pathway, ranging from monitoring applications and artificial-intelligence-based diagnostics, to support for virtual reality surgery. Since the introduction of the Digital Health Act in Germany in early 2020, there has been a push toward digital innovative solutions, especially in the outpatient sector.This book analyzes current digital health law from an economic perspective, combining theory with real-world applications. It examines both the incentives and market access pathways for digital solutions and the price effects brought about by the new regulatory framework in Germany. Further, it discusses the difficulties in pricing due to the monopolistic BfArM register and negotiations with the association of all German health insurance companies. The book addresses a wide range of topics, including incentives for innovation, specifics of digital health applications, reimbursement and financing options for digital health solutions. Lastly, it presents an outlook for the future and a comparison between Germany and other countries, namely the USA and Japan. Given its scope, this book will appeal to scholars of health economics, healthcare management and public health, as well as practitioners and professionals in the public health sector.

The cooperative banks' business model is unique in the financial market. It is featured by democratic foundations (one-head-one-vote principle), proximity to the members and the community they serve, limited profit-seeking nature, and prudent management. However, these principles are applied in a variety of organisational structures and economic and regulatory contexts, making cooperative banks significantly different from one country to another. This book expands existing knowledge on the European cooperative banking sector by analysing recent trends affecting cooperative banks. Namely, the book discusses the role of cooperative banks in the policy and societal movement towards sustainability, including in adopting sustainable finance practices. It explores the digital transformation journey of cooperative banks and the impact of the consolidation of Fintech players in the financial services markets. It further showcases the need to evolve the cooperative banks' governance structures and processes in order to foster (and in some cases restore) democracy and transparency in the decision-making. Lastly, the book debates the specific role of cooperative banks in the economic crisis that has followed the unfolding of the Covid-19 pandemic vis-a-vis their members and the communities they serve. Of interest to scholars, professors, students, and practitioners of banking and finance, this book will build on the existing research and explore the latest trends in the space.

Når forskning og innovation både er udfordringen og løsningenDet danske sundhedsvæsen er ramt af udfordringer. Med den demografiske udvikling forventes flere ældre og multisygdomsramte patienter, og hertil føjer sig et stigende problem med at sikre et godt arbejdsmiljø med kvalificeret personale.I denne antologi tager en række eksperter afsæt i sundhedsvæsenets udfordringer, når de undersøger, hvordan vi kan afhjælpe problemerne og skabe fremtidens sundhedsvæsen. Potentialet ved strategisk at inkorporere forskning og innovation i forskellige udviklingstendenser udfoldes, og flere vinkler på, hvordan man kan sammentænke drift, forskning, innovation og uddannelse i praksis, præsenteres:- Missionsorienteret forskning og innovation- Udvikling af forskningskultur på tværs af en stor organisation- Det offentlig-private samarbejde- Det digitaliserede sundhedsvæsen- Forsknings- og innovationsbroen- Klinisk kvalitet som outcome- Brugerinddragelse.Det danske sundhedsvæsen har behov for ledere, der kan lede i en kompleks organisatorisk virkelighed og forstår at lede udvikling og innovation ind i driften, så det får reel impact for både personale og patienter. Bogen kan læses som inspiration og debatoplæg af alle i sundhedssektoren med lederambitioner og -ansvar.

This book presents data mining methods in the field of healthcare management in a practical way. Healthcare quality and disease prevention are essential in today¿s world. Healthcare management faces a number of challenges, e.g. reducing patient growth through disease prevention, stopping or slowing disease progression, and reducing healthcare costs while improving quality of care. The book provides an overview of current healthcare management problems and highlights how analytics and knowledge management have been used to better cope with them. It then demonstrates how to use descriptive and predictive analytics tools to help address these challenges. In closing, it presents applications of software solutions in the context of healthcare management. Given its scope, the book will appeal to a broad readership, from researchers and students in the operations research and management field to practitioners such as data analysts and decision-makers who work in the healthcare sector.

Während Digitalisierung, Innovationen, Forschung und Entwicklung im Bereich Medizintechnik und -produkte und Life Science die Diagnose- und Therapieverfahren verbessern und viele Fortschritte ermöglichen, werden andererseits durch den demografischen Wandel, den zunehmenden Fachkräftemangel, den Druck auf den deutschen Mittelstand und den immer stärker werdenden internationalen Wettbewerb, gesundheitsökonomische Grenzen für die Bezahlbarkeit unserer Gesundheit gesetzt, die Auswirkungen auf Quantität und Qualität der deutschen und europäischen Gesundheitsversorgung haben werden.Deshalb ist es besonders wichtig, rechtzeitig die Innovationspotenziale dieser Branche auszuloten und zu heben. Die Beiträge in diesem Buch zu Themen wie Cybersicherheit, betriebliches Gesundheitsmanagement, personalisierte Prävention, Psychologie, Technologie und Home Care liefern neue Ansätze und Impulse und leiten konkrete Handlungsempfehlungen für etablierte Unternehmen und Start-Ups in der Gesundheitswirtschaft ab.

This textbook offers a comprehensive theory of medical decision making under uncertainty, combining informative test theory with the expected utility hypothesis. The book shows how the parameters of Bayes' theorem can be combined with a value function of health states to arrive at informed test and treatment decisions. The authors distinguish between risk neutral, risk averse and prudent decision makers and demonstrate the effects of risk preferences on physicians' decisions. They analyze individual tests, multiple tests and endogenous tests where the test result is determined by the decision maker. Finally, the topic is examined in the context of health economics by introducing a trade-off between enjoying health and consuming other goods, so that the extent of treatment and thus the potential improvement in the patient's health become endogenous.

This book presents different stages of Industrial Revolution in artificial intelligence and its impact on industry 4.0 and Healthcare. It contains chapters prepared for the industrial landscape which is being transformed to the fourth stage with the rise of autonomous robots, contemporary automation, cyber-physical systems, the Internet of things, and the Internet of services for examining the circumstances of health care system for the future. It highlights the emerging trends in integration of different intelligent manufacturing systems and advanced information technologies. Additionally, understanding of the real-world issues using artificial intelligence and the solutions discussed in this book help the enormous numbers of techniques which can be applied for effective diagnosis and predicting diseases from health care data.

This book examines the new developments in health 4.0 and the medical supply chain. Although supply chain applications in health systems are similar to other sectors, the most critical difference is that any disruption affects public health. There have been changes due to COVID-19 that caused significant disruptions in the supply chain of almost all sectors. The health sector is one of the most important sectors affected by all these extraordinary conditions. Supply chain management is even more critical because the health sector directly impacts the sustainability of human life and the provision of better living conditions. In this book, the use of artificial intelligence in the health and medical supply chain is discussed, taking into account the conditions of the post-pandemic period.

"Newly updated and trusted for more than three decades by family caregivers and professionals alike, this comprehensive and reassuring caregiving guide offers the crucial information you need to look after your elder and plan for the future"--

In the current era, evidence-based medicine and various supporting technologies dominate everyday clinical practice, according to a disease-centred, as opposed to patient-centred, approach. They have obviously improved the clinical management of diseases and it is therefore unreasonable to think of a medicine in which they are not considered fundamental. In fact, the strength of the new medicine should be to adapt scientific knowledge to a specific clinical case.This book therefore looks at the prospect of a new 'person' centred medicine, which stands alongside the 'disease' and 'patient' centred medicine, which pays special attention to the subjectivity of scientific knowledge and the relationship between doctor and patient. It is important to emphasise that this book is written by several hands, i.e. by experts from different fields, doctors, philosophers, architects, sociologists, art critics, physicists and engineers. This is with the intention of providing as broad a perspective as possible on the doctor-patient relationship.Due to its translational and multicultural approach to the subject, the book will be of interest to a wide readership, from medical experts to students, psychologists, philosophers and institutional actors.

This timely and important book describes the impact on the hospital ability to provide patient care and how healthcare institution leveraged diverse technology solutions to combat impact of COVID-19 on providing patient care.

This open access book evaluates African healthcare systems from multiple perspectives. By examining empirical data from various African countries, it analyzes the effects of socioeconomic factors such as urbanization, population growth, and education on various health indicators, including the situation of health professionals, patients's decision making, health resource distribution, mortality rates, and the burden of disease. Furthermore, topics such as the use of social media in healthcare and insurance policy in Africa are addressed. This book appeals to scholars and professionals interested in healthcare in Africa.

This book presents the best, peer-reviewed contributions from the XII Congress of the Italian Society of Ergonomics and Human Factors (SIE), held in Lucca, Italy, on May 2-4, 2022. By highlighting the latest theories and models, as well as cutting-edge technologies and applications, and by combining findings from a range of disciplines including engineering, design, robotics, management, computer science, human biology and behavioral sciences, it provides researchers and practitioners alike with a comprehensive, timely guide on human factors and ergonomics in a variety of industrial sectors, such as health care, transportation, automotive and constructions. It also offers an excellent source of innovative ideas to stimulate future discussions and developments aimed at applying knowledge and techniques to optimize system performance, while at the same time promoting health, safety, and well-being of individuals anc communities. The proceedings includes papers from researchers and practitioners, scientists and physicians, institutional leaders, managers, and policy makers that contribute to constructing the Human Factors and Ergonomics approach across a variety of methodologies, domains, and productive sectors.

This book provides caregivers and administrators with high-quality support for strategic decision making in the selection and use of medical devices so as to ensure value optimization. Medical treatment is increasingly complex, with wide application of medical devices and corresponding involvement of physics and engineering. A multidisciplinary methodology that brings together expertise from key disciplines in a holistic, system-oriented approach is essential in controlling this complexity and further improving health care. This book will help readers to understand the design, validation, and application of medical devices and the standards and regulations that apply to them across the world. In addition, it provides technical, operational, and economic perspectives on their use. The relevance of concepts such as expenditure optimization and sustainability to medical device technology is explained and healthcare reimbursement systems are discussed from different points of view. Readers will gain a clear appreciation of the managerial and economic implications of the use of medical devices and how to get the most out of them. Academic research, industrial experiences, and case studies are presented as appropriate.

This book offers a lively account of the humanitarian, economic, societal, and planetwide impacts of the pandemics, the COVID-19 pandemic included, which are traced back to as early as the 14th century plague pandemic. Placing the pandemics along with other globally shared resources, such as global warming, AI singularity, and high-risk physics experiments, each of the nine chapters of the book discusses the global health crises from a variety of unique standpoints, including infectious diseases, economics, governance, and public health. Based on the historical records of past pandemics and the rich data from the COVID-19 pandemic, a conceptual framework is presented for the economics of pandemics as a globally shared experience.This book aims to critically examine salient features in the global responses to the COVID-19 pandemic, including global governance, lockdowns, radical movements, and mRNA vaccines. The book will be a valuable resource to students, researchers, and policymakers who are working in the fields of environmental economics, global-scale public goods, and health economics.

Why doesn't healthcare get better and cheaper like the cell phones we carry in our pockets? In this book, James B. Rebitzer and Robert S. Rebitzer argue that it's because the healthcare system generates the wrong kinds of innovation. Further, they show that incentive contracts, professional norms, social narratives, and the nature of competition and disruption in the health sector conspire against cost-reducing innovation. The book not only sheds new light on the trajectory of innovation in healthcare, but it also highlights how we can point innovation in a better direction to deliver more value to patients and society.

Through an approach strongly oriented to socio-health contexts and healthcare facilities, with multidisciplinary contributions on the methodological and technical aspects, or legislative issues, the book provides tools and design strategies to plan and realize therapeutic places and healing gardens for care, rehabilitation, interaction, and social inclusion. It addresses all the technical and medical professionals - like Architects, Urban Planners, Agronomist, Sociologists, Epidemiologists, Public Health experts, Policy Makers, etc. - wishing to explore the link between built environment, well-being, and health, referring in particular to the direct relationship between places and therapy.

This book is inspired by the term ¿digiwine,¿ a neologism referring to the production and/or marketing of wine through the use of new technologies and robotics such as vineyard information systems, sensor units, weather stations, drones, robotic harvesters, social media videos, digital labels, and wine apps. The alcohol industry is using these technologies to develop digital strategies and online tools for more efficient sales of wine. This book analyzes the use of digital alcohol marketing, the reasons for it, the role of regulation, and its social impact. In particular, malignant forms of alcohol marketing to youth are precisely described through exact case descriptions from the global milieu. The author questions whether the loopholes in the legislation or inefficiency of self-regulation have negative consequences that can no longer be prevented by public health care programs.When and how did the alcohol industry become so deeply interwoven in our lives that we mindlessly advertise and parade in its shadow on social media and that we increasingly buy alcohol digitally for fun, in innovative packaging, and with strange ingredients combinations? Dr. Mojca Ram¿ak¿s book peels back the layers of the alcohol industry¿s most obvious yet overlooked marketing tactics. It also reveals the sluggishness of preventive and curative efforts, as well as legal or self-regulatory measures, at keeping up with the alcohol industry¿s use of technology. - Nadja Furlan ¿tante, Principal Research Associate and Professor of Religious Studies, Science and Research Centre of Koper, Slovenia.

This book presents state-of-the-art blockchain and AI advances in health care. Healthcare service is increasingly creating the scope for blockchain and AI applications to enter the biomedical and healthcare world. Today, blockchain, AI, ML, and deep learning are affecting every domain. Through its cutting-edge applications, AI and ML are helping transform the healthcare industry for the better. Blockchain is a decentralization communication platform that has the potential to decentralize the way we store data and manage information. Blockchain technology has potential to reduce the role of middleman, one of the most important regulatory actors in our society. Transactions are simultaneously secure and trustworthy due to the use of cryptographic principles. In recent years, blockchain technology has become very trendy and has penetrated different domains, mostly due to the popularity of cryptocurrencies. One field where blockchain technology has tremendous potential is health care, dueto the need for a more patient-centric approach in healthcare systems to connect disparate systems and to increase the accuracy of electronic healthcare records (EHRs).

How Big Pharma failed to end a pandemic, and what it tells us about the global economy

Empowering the New American Worker identifies what Cato Institute scholars believe to be the most important market-oriented policies for today's American worker, covering a broad array of issues including education, housing, remote work, health care, child care, transportation, criminal justice, and licensing.Since at least 2016, policymakers on both the right and the left have lamented the plight of the American worker and promised to fix it. Unfortunately, the most common "pro-worker" policies today -- heavy on government intervention in labor, trade, or other markets -- suffer from critical flaws. They overlook the numerous laws and regulations that distort markets, harm American workers, and breed economic sclerosis. They ignore market¿based solutions that can boost workers' independence, mobility, wealth, resilience, and quality of life-all without the inevitable economic and political problems that come with more spending and bureaucracy. And, perhaps most importantly, they target an "American worker" that often bears little resemblance to the U.S. workforce's complex and ever¿changing reality, especially in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic.Recent trends in manufacturing, remote work, independent work, globalization, and other areas argue for new policies for a New American Worker. Instead of promoting a certain kind of job, promising cradle-to-grave protection from disruption, or presuming that the employment and lifestyle trends of today will last beyond tomorrow, policymakers should seek to maximize Americans' autonomy, mobility, and living standards.Each chapter of Empowering the New American Worker identifies the problems facing American workers and suggests pro-market ways for federal, state, and local officials to better address these challenges. These policies will give individuals the freedom and resources they need to be the American worker they want to be -- not the one many policymakers think they should be -- and to be happier and more prosperous in the process.

This proceedings volume provides a multifaceted perspective on the unprecedented crises generated by the global COVID-19 pandemic, and its ramifications for individuals, businesses, organizations, governments and systems in developing countries. Featuring selected papers from the 2020 Annual Griffiths School of Management and IT Conference (GSMAC), held in Oradea, Romania, this volume focuses on business, technological and ethical considerations in the process of navigating through a global crisis. It analyzes the effectiveness of different measures taken at individual, organizational and country level and outlines potential scenarios and solutions for the new post-crisis reality. Finally, the book provides diagnosis and recommendations for managerial practice in various industries impacted.