E-handel: forretningsmæssige aspekter

The concepts of working capital have been very imperative as they are essentially required to carry out the day-to-day operations. Working capital management practices have been considered as an important part of the corporate strategy with a view to enhancing value and have always proved to be an important element of competitive advantage among the business organisations (Deloof, 2003). In reality, it has become one of the challenging issues in organisations where managers dealing with finance are struggling to identify the exact requirement of working capital with a dynamic business environment. The real challenge is on zeroing down on the triggers or drivers that accelerate the need for stocking funds and holding the appropriate amount of funds at all times so as to maximise returns minimise risk and optimize costs. This research aims at understanding the following main question, ¿Does working capital management practices and policies impact the financial performance of BSE top 500 companies¿.

Elusive would be the man¿s desire for better condition of living, self-actualization, profit and self-satisfaction etc, without a leader to coordinate and direct both human and material resources towards the attainment of these desires.Again, organizations would only be a shadow of themselves, if there were no properly set goals. These goals, would be properly set, periodically reviewed, achieved and sustained. Evidence abounds on recorded history that the failure and success of most public and private organizations were traceable to leadership in attainment of organizational goals.Effective leadership, which is a veritable tool, embodies such qualities as effective communication, coordination, honesty and motivation. It is viewed that leaders and managers should use the qualities of effective leadership in order to attain the organizational set goals within the time frame. To this end, the leadership of Financo.

Brand loyalty is considered as an essential element for sustaining in a competitive environment and for the success of any organization. It is a way of keeping customers attached to a company for longer time and for gaining competitive advantage. The brand loyalty can be attitudinal and/or behavioral. Studies were conducted to examine the relationship between brand loyalty, brand association, brand equity and brand trust. Based on the past study it is proved that brand association, brand trust, and brand equity have impact on brand loyalty. The author have conducted detailed analysis on the factors like product attributes, brand name, perceived quality, perceived risk, brand trust, brand association, consumers¿ product preference and its relationship on brand loyalty. The book will be giving insights to the researchers and brand managers to study antecedents and structure of the brand loyalty.

The spectrum of customers served by any government agency presents a puzzle of personal profiles, each with needs that evolve during life journeys that span years, career changes, and shifting economic, social, and family circumstances. Across the public sector, leaders increasingly recognize the rationale for improving customer experience ¿enhanced ability to achieve agency missions, outperformance in meeting budget goals, and more engaged employees. Yet we find many governmentleaders stumbling as they address how to unearth poor customer experiences, improve them, and piece together a complete picture of their customers and the elements of a culture to sustain improvement over time.

The study on ¿Group Dynamic Effectiveness for Entrepreneurial Success among Self Help Groups in Gir-Somnath district¿ was undertaken to find out the Group Dynamics Effectiveness Index and the association of the sub-dimensions influencing the effectiveness of the Group Dynamics of women¿s SHGs functioning in Gir-Somnath district of Gujarat. The study empathetically disclosed the deep rooted influence of Group Dynamic network among the farmer folk as influenced by their as participation, influence and style of influence, decision making procedures, task functions, maintenance functions, group atmosphere, membership, feelings, norms, empathy, interpersonal trust and achievements of SHG. The findings of the study can be served as a practical manual for organizing and managing Self Help Groups for group action and participation on a sustainable basis. The scale of Group Dynamic Effectiveness Index can be used in similar research in allied sectors. The identified interrelationships between the variables can act as catalytic points for promoting action and group empowerment.

Retailing consists of the business activities involved in selling goods and services to consumers; it is the last step in the supply chain of a product. Retailing can happen through mail, internet, door to door, vending machine, physical store and so on. Retailing is a crucial component of world commerce as nations have achieved greatest economic and social progress through a strong retail sector. For instance, Dunne and Lusch, 2005, have reported that the GDP of eastern European countries grew slowly under the communist government owing to the lack of retail structure. However, this changed with the retail transformation incipient in 1990 post-communist era; and from 1990 to 2011, Bosnia and Herzegovina were ranked third (GDP grew more than five times), Albania ¿ 16th (134% GDP growth), and Poland 20th (119% GDP growth) in the ranking of the world¿s fastest growing nations. People of all cultures value retailers that fulfil their needs and wants, thus resulting in well-being of the society i.e. social progress.

In contemporary world, more women than ever enter the labor force, but the majority of the top management positions in almost all countries are primarily held by men. Female managers/ executives generally tend to concentrate in lower management positions and have less power than men. At the same time, women are still concentrating in conventionally ¿female¿ functional areas of companies such as: HR, corporate communications, community and governmental relations, marketing and finance. The entrepreneurial expertise of a woman is far more superior to those of a man, for she does not give up easily. A few women have moved beyond the glass ceiling into the executive suite, yet their number is not proportionate to their representation at middle management levels and is far below that of their similarly qualified male counterparts. The goals of this book is to determine the factors influencing the various dimensions of leadership styles in IT women executives, to examine the impact of leadership styles on women executives performance and to suggest the measures to improve leadership styles and enhance women executives in IT industry.

Consumer ethnocentrism means ¿¿the appropriateness, indeed morality of purchasing foreign-made products.¿ Today, when the Indian consumers have great access to foreign goods and the Indian manufacturers are facing increasing competition from foreign products, the neglect of this topic in India is hard to explain. The CETSCALE, a scale to measure consumer ethnocentrism, has been tested in many parts of the world. Extant literature shows that the concept of consumer ethnocentrism in India is not conceptually equivalent to the concept of consumer ethnocentrism prevailing in other countries for instance USA, where it was found to be uni-dimensional. In India, this concept has more nuances. This research aims to examine the following in a multi-stage level: (a) psychometric properties of the CETSCALE, (b) level of consumer ethnocentrism among students in India, and (c) the relationship of socio-demographic variables and quality consciousness with consumer ethnocentrism.

This study provides useful and effective ways for hotel managers and developers to identify potential factors which matter most for business guests¿ in their hotel selection. Hotel companies must recognize what business guests feel important for selecting a hotel. Once the hotel attributes in relation to business guests¿ requirements are clearly identified and understood, hotel managers are more likely to be able to anticipate and cater to their customers¿ desires and needs, rather than merely reacting to their dissatisfaction.

The study sought to assess the role of government regulations on petroleum supply chain management by surveying oil marketing companies in Kenya involved in importation and distribution of oil products in the country. The particular objectives that were analyzed included: To establish the role of Health and Safety regulations in petroleum supply chain management, to determine the role of environmental regulations in petroleum supply chain management, to assess the role of economic regulations in petroleum supply chain management and to assess the role of operational regulations in petroleum supply chain management. Through a descriptive research design, a field survey was carried out while purposive sampling was used to select 180 respondents from thirty six (36) oil marketing companies located in Nairobi city involved in importation and marketing of oil products in Kenya (as per the attached PIEA list). Both Primary data and secondary data were used in the study.

The book has been written keeping in view the state of students studying in engineering, management and professional colleges, research scholars, academicians and scientists. The book enjoys the significance at the students¿ level and thereafter at the professional level. Since the book has dealt with every aspect of essential modes of professionalism at the working level, the book bids to stand in good stead as lifetime companion to the professional. While going through the book, the reader develops full insight into the process of technical communication at written and oral levels. Students will find the book useful during their study period and thereafter equally so and more informative during the active professional times. By providing a number of case-studies and class-room based exercises, the book attempts to provide the reader an in depth experience in the domains of the subject ¿ Written and Oral Technical Communication. The main topics discussed in this book are CV, Resume, Interview Skills, Official Correspondence, Bibliography, Research Paper Writing and Publication.

In recognition of the livelihood needs of local people that undermine non-use conservation objectives, protected areas are now said to have assumed a mandate to go beyond just biodiversity conservation to improving the welfare of local people through the provision of economic benefits across multiple scales. But in order to achieve the new mandate of protected areas, there is a paradigm shift that seeks to promote a model of biodiversity conservation where livelihood activities are not just seen as compatible with biodiversity conservation but that it actually drives and facilitates conservation objectives. Consequently, among livelihood activities that have the potential to provide the necessary livelihood benefits or incentives, ecotourism is thought to be the most appropriate one to better serve this purpose. Ecotourism, when properly developed and managed, can play a mediating role between the interests of protected area management and local people and as well give an exciting nature experience to tourists. However, to achieve this mediating role, ecotourism development in any destination would require appropriate participation of all stakeholders.

Leadership is a process where leader is influencing a groups to achieve its goals and is along with communication, essential for organisation¿s success. This research examines the relationship between leadership styles, communicator¿s competence and job satisfaction of employees in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Questionnaire was adopted from valid sources which contributed to the topic of leadership and job satisfaction worldwide.