Jurisdiktion og offentlig administration

Looking at key questions of how companies are held accountable under private law, this book presents a succinct and accessible framework for analysing and answering corporate attribution problems in private law.Corporate attribution is the process by which the acts and states of mind of human individuals are treated as those of a company to establish the company's rights, duties, and liabilities. But when and why are acts and states of mind attributed in private law? Drawing on a wide range of material from across the disparate areas of company law, agency law, and the laws of contract, tort, unjust enrichment, and equitable obligations, this book's central argument is that attribution turns on the allocation and delegation of the company's own powers to act. This approach allows for a much greater and clearer understanding of attribution. A further benefit is that it shows attribution to be much more united and coherent than it is commonly thought to be. Looking at corporate attribution across the broad expanse of the common law, this book will be of interest to lawyers across the common law world, including the United Kingdom, Australia, Canada, and Singapore.

This book undertakes unique case studies, including interviews with participants, as well as empirical analysis, of public and private enforcement of Australian securities laws addressing continuous disclosure. Enforcement of laws is crucial to effective regulation. Historically, enforcement was the province of a government regulator with significant discretion (public enforcement). However, more and more citizens are being expected to take action themselves (private enforcement). Consistent with regulatory pluralism, public and private enforcement exist in parallel, with the capacity to both help and hinder each other, and the achievement of the goals of enforcement in a range of areas of regulation. The rise of the shareholder class action in Australia, backed by litigation funding or lawyers, has given rise to enforcement overlapping with that of the government regulator, the Australian Securities and Investments Commission. The ramifications of overlapping enforcement are explained based on detailed analysis. The analysis is further bolstered by the regulator's approach to enforcement changing from a compliance orientation to a "Why not litigate?" approach.The analysis and ramifications of the Australian case studies involve matters of regulatory theory and practice that apply across jurisdictions. The book will appeal to practitioners, regulators and academics interested in regulatory policy and enforcement, and the operation of regulators and class actions, including their interaction.

This book addresses a palpable, yet widely neglected, tension in legal discourse. In our everyday legal practices - whether taking place in a courtroom, classroom, law firm, or elsewhere - we routinely and unproblematically talk of the activities of creating and applying the law. However, when legal scholars have analysed this distinction in their theories (rather than simply assuming it), many have undermined it, if not dismissed it as untenable. The book considers the relevance of distinguishing between law-creation and law-application and how this transcends the boundaries of jurisprudential enquiry. It argues that such a distinction is also a crucial component of political theory. For if there is no possibility of applying a legal rule that was created by a different institution at a previous moment in time, then our current constitutional-democratic frameworks are effectively empty vessels that conceal a power relationship between public authorities and citizens that is very different from the one on which constitutional democracy is grounded. After problematising the most relevant objections in the literature, the book presents a comprehensive defence of the distinction between creation and application of law within the structure of constitutional democracy. It does so through an integrated jurisprudential methodology, which combines insights from different disciplines (including history, anthropology, political science, philosophy of language, and philosophy of action) while also casting new light on long-standing issues in public law, such as the role of legal discretion in the law-making process and the scope of the separation of powers doctrine.

This book considers the relationship between proportionality and facts in constitutional adjudication. Analysing where facts arise within each of the three stages of the structured proportionality test - suitability, necessity, and balancing - it considers the nature of these 'facts' vis-à-vis the facts that arise in the course of ordinary litigation. The book's central focus is on how proportionality has been applied by courts in practice, and it draws on the comparative experience of four jurisdictions across a range of legal systems. The central case study of the book is Australia, where the embryonic and contested nature of proportionality means it provides an illuminating study of how facts can inform the framing of constitutional tests. The rich proportionality jurisprudence from Germany, Canada, and South Africa is used to contextualise the approach of the High Court of Australia and to identify future directions for proportionality in Australia, at a time when the doctrine is in its formative stages.The book has three broad aims:First, it considers the role of facts within proportionality reasoning. Second, it offers procedural insights into fact-finding in constitutional litigation. Third, the book's analysis of the dynamic Australian case-law on proportionality means it also serves to clarify the nature and status of proportionality in Australia at a critical moment. Since the 2015 decision of McCloy v New South Wales, where four justices supported the introduction of a structured three-part test of proportionality, the Court has continued to disagree about the utility of such a test. These developments mean that this book, with its doctrinal and comparative approach, is particularly timely.

"Turn to Nolo's Encyclopedia of Everyday Law for answers to everyday legal questions that come up in all aspects of life. Easily locate concise explanations about legal issues including credit, debt, and bankruptcy; divorce, child custody, and visitation; wills, living trusts, and estate planning"--

This open access book explains why a democratic reckoning will start when European societies win the fight against COVID-19.Have democracies successfully mastered the challenges of the pandemic? How has the coronavirus impacted democratic principles, processes and values? At the heels of the worst public health crisis in living memory, this book shines an unforgiving light on the side-lining of parliaments, the ruling by governmental decrees and the disenfranchisement of the people in the name of fighting COVID-19.Pandemocracy in Europe situates the dramatic impact of COVID-19, and the fight against the virus, on Europe's democracies. Throughout its 17 contributions the book sets the theoretical stage and answers the democratic questions engaged by health emergencies. Seven national case studies - UK, Germany, Italy, Sweden, Hungary, Switzerland, and France - show, each time with a pronounced focus on a particular element of democracy, how different states reacted to the pandemic. The book also shifts the analytical gaze beyond the nation state towards international settings, looking at the effects on the European Union and considering the impact on populist movements. Bridging disciplines and uniting a stellar cast of scholars on democracy, rule of law and constitutionalism, the book provides contours and nuances to a year of debates in political science, international relations and law on the impact of the virus on democracies. In times of uncertainty, Pandemocracy in Europe provides analysis and answers to the democratic challenges of the coronavirus.The ebook editions of this book are available under a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 licence on www.bloomsburycollections.com.

The handbook presents an overview of Industry 4.0 and offers solutions for important practical questions. The law and its current challenges regarding data assignment (who owns the data? / EU guidelines), data security, data protection (General Data Protection Regulation), cyberattacks, competition law (right to access vs. monopolists, permissible and prohibited exchanges of information, possible collaborations) is the point of departure. In turn, the book explores peculiarities in specific areas of Industry 4.0 (Internet of Production, mechanical engineering, artificial intelligence, electromobility, autonomous driving, traffic, medical science, construction, energy industry, etc.). The book's closing section addresses general developments in management, the digital transformation of companies and the world of work, and ethical questions.

This book seeks to enrich and, in some cases, reverse current ideas on corruption and its prevention. It is a long held belief that sanctions are the best guard against corrupt practice. This innovative work argues that in some cases sanctions paradoxically increase corruption and that controls provide opportunities for corrupt transactions. Instead it suggests that better regulation and responsive enforcement, not sanctions, offer the most effective response to corruption. Taking both a theoretical and applied approach, it examines the question from a global perspective, drawing on in particular a regulatory perspective, to provide a model for tackling corrupt practices.

Los autores del libro, a través de una revisión pormenorizada de los instrumentos internacionales suscritos en la lucha contra la corrupción y el marco jurídico-teórico internacional, abordan dos mecanismos heterodoxos frente al modelo garantista como es el comiso autónomo o también denominado "sin condena" y la variante latinoamericana que lleva por título "extinción de dominio". La cada vez más agravada problemática de la corrupción en el planeta ha sugerido, como lo explicó en su momento el Secretario General de las Naciones Unidas, Kofi Annan, una respuesta global efectiva de la sociedad civil ante sus enemigos. Es por ello que la presente obra escruta los aspectos más minuciosos del comiso autónomo y la extinción de dominio a nivel global, bajo el método comparatista. El libro se organiza en cinco capítulos. El primero está dedicado íntegramente al estudio del marco jurídico-internacional de la lucha contra la delincuencia organizada, más propiamente, en su manifestación sobre la corrupción. Además, aborda el impacto de dicho corpus global sobre las instituciones del Derecho penal tradicional y el Derecho Administrativo en el marco de una sociedad postindustrial expansiva. El capítulo segundo analiza los fundamentos teóricos de los denominados delitos económicos, cuya base se encausa en dos ejes: la globalización y la teoría del Derecho penal a dos velocidades. El capítulo tercero precisa los pormenores de la transformación del comiso tradicional en el autónomo como forma alternativa para sancionar delitos económicos. El capítulo cuarto se dedica al estudio comparado de la extinción de dominio, como variante latinoamericana del comiso autónomo, cuya peculiaridad en el caso colombiano, es su consagración en la Constitución de Colombia de 1991 asumiendo así un abordaje desde el Derecho constitucional. El capítulo quinto precisa la recepción del comiso autónomo y la extinción de dominio en Venezuela, de cara a las futuras reformas legislativas que contemplen dichas instituciones y lo relativo al proyecto de ley de recuperación de activos producto de la corrupción, discutida en 2017 por la Asamblea Nacional. Además, estudia las posibles hipótesis de aplicación directa de los tratados internacionales contra la corrupción en sus artículos relativos al comiso autónomo o extinción de dominio, como en efecto, contempla la Convención de Mérida de 2003 contra la Corrupción (Art. 54)..

The Naval Legal Service Command Manual, COMNAVLEGSVCCOMINST 5800.1G (Rev. FEB 2013). This publication provides guidance and NLSC policy for the operation and administration of DSOs, RLSOs, and their respective detachments and branch offices. Portions of this instruction also apply to the Naval Justice School. This instruction confers no individual rights for which there is an enforceable remedy. Why buy a book you can download for free? We print this book so you don't have to. First you gotta find a good clean (legible) copy and make sure it's the latest version (not always easy). Some documents found on the web are missing some pages or the image quality is so poor, they are difficult to read. We look over each document carefully and replace poor quality images by going back to the original source document. We proof each document to make sure it's all there - including all changes. If you find a good copy, you could print it using a network printer you share with 100 other people (typically its either out of paper or toner). If it's just a 10-page document, no problem, but if it's 250-pages, you will need to punch 3 holes in all those pages and put it in a 3-ring binder. Takes at least an hour. It's much more cost-effective to just order the latest version from Amazon.com This book includes original commentary which is copyright material. Note that government documents are in the public domain. We print these large documents as a service so you don't have to. The books are compact, tightly-bound, full-size (8 1/2 by 11 inches), with large text and glossy covers. 4th Watch Publishing Co. is a HUBZONE SDVOSB. https: //usgovpub.com

Companion animals provide immeasurable value to their owners, although in the event of loss or injury, the damages that may be recovered are often quite limited. The finite nature of recovery for injury or loss of companion animals is due to their common legal recognition as personal property. The courts however are evolving to mirror the popular perception that pets are more than simply property. This work explores current case law and trends pertaining to animal rights in the courts, and the way in which they are valued when it comes time, unfortunately, to measure damages.

THIS CASEBOOK contains a selection of U. S. Court of Appeals decisions that analyze, interpret and apply provisions of the False Claims Act. * * * The FCA imposes significant penalties on any person who "knowingly presents, or causes to be presented, a false or fraudulent claim for payment or approval" to the Government or any person who "knowingly makes, uses, or causes to be made or used, a false record or statement material to a false or fraudulent claim." 31 U.S.C. § 3729(a)(1)(A)-(B). US ex rel. Wood v. Allergan, Inc., 899 F. 3d 163 (2nd Cir. 2018). * * * The FCA allows private persons, or relators, to prosecute qui tam actions "against alleged fraudsters on behalf of the United States government." United States ex rel. Watson v. King-Vassel, 728 F.3d 707, 711 (7th Cir. 2013); 31 U.S.C. § 3730. If the government does not intervene in the action, [] the relator may proceed with the case on his own, though still on behalf of the government. 31 U.S.C. § 3730(c)(3). If the action is successful, the relator is eligible to receive a percentage of the recovery. Id. § 3730(d)(1)-(2). US ex rel. Berkowitz v. Automation Aids, Inc., 896 F. 3d 834 (7th Cir. 2018).

Intellectual Property Rights for Engineers explains the general principles behind the law protecting innovation, quoting cases from the engineering domain in order to clarify legal issues.

Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2016 im Fachbereich Jura - Öffentliches Recht / Sonstiges, Note: 1,7, Universität Kassel, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Der demografische Wandel macht auch vor dem größten Arbeitgeber der Bundesrepublik, der öffentlichen Verwaltung, keinen Halt. Diese konkurriert zunehmend mit Akteuren der privaten Wirtschaft um qualifizierte Fachkräfte, um ausscheidende Leistungsträger qualitativ ersetzen zu können. Daneben bleibt es auch eine zentrale Aufgabe, bestehendes Personal in den eigenen Reihen zu halten und qualitativ weiterzubilden, die dann ausgeschiedenes Personal aus hohen Positionen nachfolgen. Vorteil hierbei ist, dass diese im Gegensatz zu externem Personal bereits an Verwaltungserfahrung verfügen. Hierfür müssen Bedienstete des geho-benen Dienstes einen Aufstieg in den höheren Dienst vollziehen. Der Aufstieg in den höheren Dienst in der Bundesverwaltung wird durch diverse Rechtsgrundlagen im Bundesbeamtengesetz in Verbindung mit der Bundeslaufbahnverordnung geregelt. Mit Veröffentlichung der neuen Laufbahnverordnung am 07.02.2014 im Bundesgesetz- und Verordnungsblatt, wurden die neuen Bachelor- und Masterhochschulabschlüsse in das Laufbahnrecht integriert.Vor diesem Hintergrund stellt sich die Frage, in welchem rechtlichen Rahmen sich die zahlreichen Bundesbeamten des gehobenen Dienstes für einen Aufstieg in den höheren Dienst bewegen und welche Möglichkeiten die ¿neuen¿ Studiengänge hierfür bieten. Diese Arbeit beschränkt sich dabei auf die §§ 35 ff der Bundeslaufbahnverordnung und ausschließlich auf die Bundesverwaltung. Auf landesrechtliche Regelungen wird hier nicht eingegangen. Diese Arbeit gliedert sich in fünf Kapitel. Kapitel zwei behandelt die maßgeblichen verfassungsrechtlichen und bundesrechtlichen Grundlagen sowie die Gründe und Entwicklung, die zu der Novellierung der Bundeslaufbahnverordnung führten. Die grundlegenden rechtlichen Regelungen zum Aufstiegsverfahren werden in Kapitel drei abgehandelt. Dabei wird ausschließlich auf den Aufstieg in den höheren Dienst Stellung genommen. Kapitel vier zeigt die internen sowie externen Möglichkeiten eines Hochschulstudiums auf und legt dabei einen besonderen Augenmerk auf die Anerkennungsmöglichkeiten von Abschlüssen staatlicher und staatlich anerkannter Hochschulen. Diese Arbeit schließt mit dem Fazit in Kapitel fünf ab, in dem der Ablauf des Aufstiegsverfahrens in Kürze nochmals zusammengefasst und auf die Erkenntnisse der Analyse eingegangen wird.

Med FN’s 17 verdensmål som ledestjerne er hele verden sat på en rejse i grøn og bæredygtig omstilling.EU har besluttet at være foregangsregion og Danmark foregangsland, og de har givet stafetten videre til erhvervslivet. Det betyder, at virksomheder skal tænke bæredygtighed i forhold til værdiskabelse og integrere bæredygtighed i strategi og klimamål, ligesom der skal tænkes i grønne pengestrømme, investeringer og risikostyring.For med EU’s Green Deal og sustainable finance-dagsorden står virksomhederne over for en regulering af deres aktiviteter, som rækker ganske vidt. Det samme gør finanssektoren – herunder bankerne.Virksomhederne vil blive mødt af krav fra investorer og andre interessenter – blandt andet kunder, medarbejdere, forbrugere, leverandører og politikere – om at tænke, planlægge og agere grønt og bæredygtigt i hele værdikæden. Bæredygtig omstilling indebærer også en bredere ESG-dagsorden – lige fra EU’s forslag om bæredygtig selskabsledelse til samfundets stadig voksende forventninger til, at virksomhederne bidrager positivt til væsentlige samfundsudfordringer.Hvordan topledere, bestyrelser og ejere bedst ruster sig til den opgave, og hvordan den mere præcist kan gribes an, er fokus for denne bog. Det gælder blandt andet, hvordan arbejdet med grøn omstilling kan organiseres i bestyrelsen og organisationen, og hvilke kompetencer der vil være behov for.Virksomhedens grønne omstilling er tænkt som en guide til topledelser, nu hvor grøn omstilling og regulering for alvor tager fart.I bogen deler 15 bestyrelsesformænd og CEO’s i toneangivende finans- og erhvervsvirksomheder nogle af deres overvejelser og erfaringer, blandt andet A.P. Møller Holding, Danfoss Foundation, Lars Larsen Group, COWI-koncernen, Torm, SP Group, SimCorp, Axcel, Nordea, Jyske Bank, BankInvest, PensionDanmark og BlackRock Europa. Og Finanstilsynet sætter ord på deres rolle i omstillingen.Marianne Philip, bestyrelsesformand, adjungeret professor på CBS, partner samt formand for Komitéen for god Fondsledelse, har skrevet forord.

This book provides an innovative insight into the regulatory conundrum of genetically modified organisms (GMOs), deploying transnational legal analysis as a methodological framework to explore the most controversial area of risk governance. The book deconstructs hegemonic and counter-hegemonic transnational narratives on the governance of GMO risks, cutting across US law, EU law, the WTO Agreement on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures, and hybrid standard-setting regimes. Should uncertain risks be run unless adverse effects have been conclusively established, and should regulators only act where this is cost-benefit effective? Should risk managers make a convincing case that a product or process is safe enough for the relevant uncertain risks to be socially acceptable? How can intractable transnational regulatory conflicts be solved? The book complements a close analysis of regulatory frameworks and case law with a more encompassing perspective on the political, socio-economic and distributional implications of different approaches to the regulation of health and environmental risks at times of globalisation. The GMO deadlock thus becomes a lens through which to investigate the underlying value systems, goals, and impacts of transnational discourses on risk governance. Against this backdrop, the normative strand of analysis points to the limited ability of science and procedural deliberation to generate authentic agreement and to identify normatively legitimate solutions, in the absence of pre-existing shared perspectives.

This collection of essays is a tribute to Lord Kerr of Tonaghmore, who died aged 72 on 1 December 2020 after having retired from the UK Supreme Court just two months earlier. Brian Kerr was appointed as a judge of the High Court of Northern Ireland in 1993. He became the Lord Chief Justice of Northern Ireland in 2004 before being elevated to a peerage and appointed as the last Lord of Appeal in Ordinary in June 2009. Four months later, as Lord Kerr, he moved from the Appellate Committee of the House of Lords to the UK Supreme Court where, after exactly 11 years, he concluded his distinguished judicial career as the longest-serving Justice to date. During his career he established an exceptional reputation for independence of thought, fairness and humanitarianism. Lord Kerr's judicial mind has inspired and influenced a significant number of scholars and jurists throughout the UK and beyond. In this book, his unique brand of jurisprudence is examined alongside a catalogue of broader issues in which he displayed a keen interest during his lifetime. The volume includes topical contributions from a range of legal experts in Britain and Ireland. Lord Kerr's particular interest in public law, human rights law, criminal law, and family law is featured prominently, but so too is the importance of his dissenting judgments, some influential jurisprudence of the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (where he sat on many occasions), the legacy of his influence on the law and legal system of Northern Ireland and the significance of his place in the historical development of judicial roles and responsibilities more generally.

Kommt es im Nachgang an ein Strafverfahren zu einem außerstrafrechtlichen Folgeverfahren, stellt sich die Frage, wie mit Verdachtsmomenten umzugehen ist. Besonders im Fall eines Freispruchs aus Mangel an Beweisen bestehen Schwierigkeiten, den Schutz des Freigesprochenen auch im Folgeverfahren zu gewährleisten ohne Rechte Dritter zu beschränken. Der Europäische Gerichtshof für Menschenrechte begegnet dieser Problematik mit einer Ausweitung der Unschuldsvermutung auf den außerstrafrechtlichen Bereich. Zentrales Thema dieser Arbeit ist, ob diese Rechtsprechung in das deutsche Recht transferiert werden kann.Die Autorin setzt sich mit der einschlägigen Rechtsprechung und Literatur auseinander und kommt zu einer vermittelnden Lösung. Daraus entwickelt sie konkrete Praxishinweise.

This book explores a range of comparative issues in, and in the relationship between, property law and contract law in English and Spanish law. It also draws on other jurisdictions. The purpose is to give readers access to discussions of these areas of private law that are not easily accessible elsewhere. It goes further, however, than simply setting out similarities and differences: it provides an insightful analysis of key points of interest in the comparison of the legal systems discussed.