Jurisdiktion og offentlig administration

26 CFR IRS Pt. 1 (Pt. 1.410 to 1.440) continues coverage of income tax and income taxes.Code of Federal Regulations Title 26, Volume 7, April 1, 2015Containing parts Part 1, §§ 1.401 to 1.440Part 1; INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED)

13 CFR covers the Small Business Administration to include standards for conducting business with the Small Business Administration (SBA), investment with micro entrepreneurs, small business size regulations, small business development centers, business loans, disaster loan programs, community trade, restrictions on lobbying, women-owned small business federal contract program, emergency oil and gas guarantee loan programs, training, research, and technical assistance programs, and more.Code of Federal Regulations Title 13, Volume 1, January 1, 2015Containing parts Parts 1-100; ReservedPart 101; ADMINISTRATIONPart 102; RECORD DISCLOSURE AND PRIVACYPart 103; STANDARDS FOR CONDUCTING BUSINESS WITH SBAPart 105; STANDARDS OF CONDUCT AND EMPLOYEE RESTRICTIONS AND RESPONSIBILITIESPart 106; COSPONSORSHIPS, FEE AND NON-FEE BASED SBA-SPONSORED ACTIVITIES AND GIFTSPart 107; SMALL BUSINESS INVESTMENT COMPANIESPart 108; NEW MARKETS VENTURE CAPITAL ("NMVC") PROGRAMPart 109; INTERMEDIARY LENDING PILOT PROGRAMPart 112; NONDISCRIMINATION IN FEDERALLY ASSISTED PROGRAMS OF SBA-EFFECTUATION OF TITLE VI OF THE CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1964Part 113; NONDISCRIMINATION IN FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS OF SBA-EFFECTUATION OF POLICIES OF FEDERAL GOVERNMENT AND SBA ADMINISTRATORPart 114; ADMINISTRATIVE CLAIMS UNDER THE FEDERAL TORT CLAIMS ACT AND REPRESENTATION AND INDEMNIFICATION OF SBA EMPLOYEESPart 115; SURETY BOND GUARANTEEPart 117; NONDISCRIMINATION IN FEDERALLY ASSISTED PROGRAMS OR ACTIVITIES OF SBA-EFFECTUATION OF THE AGE DISCRIMINATION ACT OF 1975, AS AMENDEDPart 119; PROGRAM FOR INVESTMENT IN MICROENTREPRENEURS ("PRIME" OR "THE ACT")Part 120; BUSINESS LOANSPart 121; SMALL BUSINESS SIZE REGULATIONSPart 123; DISASTER LOAN PROGRAMPart 124; 8(a) BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT/SMALL DISADVANTAGED BUSINESS STATUS DETERMINATIONSPart 125; GOVERNMENT CONTRACTING PROGRAMSPart 126; HUBZONE PROGRAMPart 127; WOMEN-OWNED SMALL BUSINESS FEDERAL CONTRACT PROGRAMPart 130; SMALL BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT CENTERSPart 134; RULES OF PROCEDURE GOVERNING CASES BEFORE THE OFFICE OF HEARINGS AND APPEALSPart 136; ENFORCEMENT OF NONDISCRIMINATION ON THE BASIS OF HANDICAP IN PROGRAMS OR ACTIVITIES CONDUCTED BY THE SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATIONPart 140; DEBT COLLECTIONPart 142; PROGRAM FRAUD CIVIL REMEDIES ACT REGULATIONSPart 143; ReservedPart 146; NEW RESTRICTIONS ON LOBBYINGPart 147; GOVERNMENTWIDE REQUIREMENTS FOR DRUG-FREE WORKPLACE (NONPROCUREMENT)Parts 148-199; ReservedPart 300; GENERAL INFORMATIONPart 301; ELIGIBILITY, INVESTMENT RATE AND APPLICATION REQUIREMENTSPart 302; GENERAL TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR INVESTMENT ASSISTANCEPart 303; PLANNING INVESTMENTS AND COMPREHENSIVE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIESPart 304; ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT DISTRICTSPart 305; PUBLIC WORKS AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT INVESTMENTSPart 306; TRAINING, RESEARCH AND TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE INVESTMENTSPart 307; ECONOMIC ADJUSTMENT ASSISTANCE INVESTMENTSPart 308; PERFORMANCE INCENTIVESPart 309; REDISTRIBUTIONS OF INVESTMENT ASSISTANCEPart 310; SPECIAL IMPACT AREASParts 311-312; ReservedPart 313; COMMUNITY TRADE ADJUSTMENT ASSISTANCEPart 314; PROPERTYPart 315; TRADE ADJUSTMENT ASSISTANCE FOR FIRMSParts 316-399; ReservedPart 400; EMERGENCY STEEL GUARANTEE LOAN PROGRAMParts 401-499; ReservedPart 500; EMERGENCY OIL AND GAS GUARANTEED LOAN PROGRAMParts 501-599; Reserved

7 CFR Parts 400-699 covers Federal crop insurance, conservation, snow surveys, water forecasts, emergency wetlands and watershed programs, farms, agricultural research, wild habitats, and more.Code of Federal Regulations Title 7, Volume 6, January 1, 2015Containing parts Parts 400 to 699Part 400; GENERAL ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONSPart 401; ReservedPart 402; CATASTROPHIC RISK PROTECTION ENDORSEMENTParts 403-406; ReservedPart 407; AREA RISK PROTECTION INSURANCE REGULATIONSParts 408-411; ReservedPart 412; PUBLIC INFORMATION-FREEDOM OF INFORMATIONParts 413-456; ReservedPart 457; COMMON CROP INSURANCE REGULATIONSParts 458-499; ReservedPart 500; NATIONAL ARBORETUMPart 501; CONDUCT ON U.S. MEAT ANIMAL RESEARCH CENTER, CLAY CENTER, NEBRASKAPart 502; CONDUCT ON BELTSVILLE AGRICULTURE RESEARCH CENTER PROPERTY, BELTSVILLE, MARYLANDPart 503; CONDUCT ON PLUM ISLAND ANIMAL DISEASE CENTERPart 504; USER FEESPart 505; NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL LIBRARY FEES FOR LOANS AND COPYINGPart 510; PUBLIC INFORMATIONPart 520; PROCEDURES FOR IMPLEMENTING NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY ACTPart 550; GENERAL ADMINISTRATIVE POLICY FOR NON-ASSISTANCE COOPERATIVE AGREEMENTSParts 551-599; ReservedPart 600; ORGANIZATIONPart 601; FUNCTIONSPart 610; TECHNICAL ASSISTANCEPart 611; SOIL SURVEYSPart 612; SNOW SURVEYS AND WATER SUPPLY FORECASTSPart 613; PLANT MATERIALS CENTERSPart 614; NRCS APPEAL PROCEDURESPart 621; RIVER BASIN INVESTIGATIONS AND SURVEYSPart 622; WATERSHED PROJECTSPart 623; EMERGENCY WETLANDS RESERVE PROGRAMPart 624; EMERGENCY WATERSHED PROTECTIONPart 625; HEALTHY FORESTS RESERVE PROGRAMPart 630; LONG TERM CONTRACTINGPart 631; GREAT PLAINS CONSERVATION PROGRAMPart 632; RURAL ABANDONED MINE PROGRAMPart 633; WATER BANK PROGRAMPart 634; RURAL CLEAN WATER PROGRAMPart 635; EQUITABLE RELIEF FROM INELIGIBILITYPart 636; WILDLIFE HABITAT INCENTIVE PROGRAMPart 650; COMPLIANCE WITH NEPAPart 651; ReservedPart 652; TECHNICAL SERVICE PROVIDER ASSISTANCEPart 653; TECHNICAL STANDARDSPart 654; OPERATION AND MAINTENANCEPart 655; ReservedPart 656; PROCEDURES FOR THE PROTECTION OF ARCHEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL PROPERTIES ENCOUNTERED IN NRCS-ASSISTED PROGRAMSPart 657; PRIME AND UNIQUE FARMLANDSPart 658; FARMLAND PROTECTION POLICY ACTPart 660; ReservedPart 661; PUBLIC INFORMATION AND RIGHT TO PRIVACYParts 662-699; Reserved

25 CFR Parts 1-299 covers Bureau of Indian Affairs, U.S. Department of Interior. This volume includes Indian Country detention facilities and programs, appeals from administrative actions, tribal pro pate rules, human services, student education, community college grants, adult education program, Indian child welfare act, financial assistance and social services programs, Indian country law enforcement, Courts of Indian Offices and Law and Order code, licensed Indian traders, tribal Government, Indian fishing in Alaska, Indian housing program, Indian Reservation roads, gaming on trust lands, gaming procedures, and more. Alaska Indians, Osage Indians, Indians in Oklahoma, and Navajo Indians are mentioned in this volume.Code of Federal Regulations Title 25, Volume 1, April 1, 2015Containing parts Parts 1 to 299Part 1; APPLICABILITY OF RULES OF THE BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRSPart 2; APPEALS FROM ADMINISTRATIVE ACTIONSPart 5; PREFERENCE IN EMPLOYMENTPart 10; INDIAN COUNTRY DETENTION FACILITIES AND PROGRAMSPart 11; COURTS OF INDIAN OFFENSES AND LAW AND ORDER CODEPart 12; INDIAN COUNTRY LAW ENFORCEMENTPart 13; TRIBAL REASSUMPTION OF JURISDICTION OVER CHILD CUSTODY PROCEEDINGSPart 15; PROBATE OF INDIAN ESTATES, EXCEPT FOR MEMBERS OF THE OSAGE NATION AND THE FIVE CIVILIZED TRIBESPart 16; ESTATES OF INDIANS OF THE FIVE CIVILIZED TRIBESPart 17; ACTION ON WILLS OF OSAGE INDIANSPart 18; TRIBAL PROBATE CODESPart 20; FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE AND SOCIAL SERVICES PROGRAMSPart 23; INDIAN CHILD WELFARE ACTPart 26; JOB PLACEMENT AND TRAINING PROGRAMPart 30; ADEQUATE YEARLY PROGRESSPart 31; FEDERAL SCHOOLS FOR INDIANSPart 32; INDIAN EDUCATION POLICIESPart 33; TRANSFER OF INDIAN EDUCATION FUNCTIONSPart 36; MINIMUM ACADEMIC STANDARDS FOR THE BASIC EDUCATION OF INDIAN CHILDREN AND NATIONAL CRITERIA FOR DORMITORY SITUATIONSPart 37; GEOGRAPHIC BOUNDARIESPart 38; EDUCATION PERSONNELPart 39; THE INDIAN SCHOOL EQUALIZATION PROGRAMPart 40; ADMINISTRATION OF EDUCATIONAL LOANS, GRANTS AND OTHER ASSISTANCE FOR HIGHER EDUCATIONPart 41; GRANTS TO TRIBALLY CONTROLLED COMMUNITY COLLEGES AND NAVAJO COMMUNITY COLLEGEPart 42; STUDENT RIGHTSPart 43; MAINTENANCE AND CONTROL OF STUDENT RECORDS IN BUREAU SCHOOLSPart 44; GRANTS UNDER THE TRIBALLY CONTROLLED SCHOOLS ACTPart 46; ADULT EDUCATION PROGRAMPart 47; UNIFORM DIRECT FUNDING AND SUPPORT FOR BUREAU-OPERATED SCHOOLSPart 61; PREPARATION OF ROLLS OF INDIANSPart 62; ENROLLMENT APPEALSPart 63; INDIAN CHILD PROTECTION AND FAMILY VIOLENCE PREVENTIONPart 67; PREPARATION OF A ROLL OF INDEPENDENT SEMINOLE INDIANS OF FLORIDAPart 75; REVISION OF THE MEMBERSHIP ROLL OF THE EASTERN BAND OF CHEROKEE INDIANS, NORTH CAROLINAPart 81; TRIBAL REORGANIZATION UNDER A FEDERAL STATUTEPart 82; PETITIONING PROCEDURES FOR TRIBES REORGANIZED UNDER FEDERAL STATUTE AND OTHER ORGANIZED TRIBESPart 83; PROCEDURES FOR ESTABLISHING THAT AN AMERICAN INDIAN GROUP EXISTS AS AN INDIAN TRIBEPart 84; ENCUMBRANCES OF TRIBAL LAND-CONTRACT APPROVALSPart 87; USE OR DISTRIBUTION OF INDIAN JUDGMENT FUNDSPart 88; RECOGNITION OF ATTORNEYS AND AGENTS TO REPRESENT CLAIMANTSPart 89; ATTORNEY CONTRACTS WITH INDIAN TRIBESPart 90; ELECTION OF OFFICERS OF THE OSAGE TRIBEPart 91; GOVERNMENT OF INDIAN VILLAGES, OSAGE RESERVATION, OKLAHOMAPart 101; LOANS TO INDIANS FROM THE REVOLVING LOAN FUNDPart 103; LOAN GUARANTY, INSURANCE, AND INTEREST SUBSIDYPart 111; ANNUITY AND OTHER PER CAPITA PAYMENTSPart 114-Special Deposits; ReservedPart 115; TRUST FUNDS FOR TRIBES AND INDIVIDUAL INDIANSPart 117; DEPOSIT AND EXPENDITURE OF INDIVIDUAL FUNDS OF MEMBERS OF THE OSAGE TRIBE OF INDIANS WHO DO NOT HAVE CERTIFICATES OF COMPETENCYPart 122; MANAGEMENT OF OSAGE JUDGMEN

THIS CASEBOOK contains a selection of U. S. Court of Appeals decisions that analyze, interpret and apply provisions of the Federal Tort Claims Act. Volume 1 of the casebook covers the District of Columbia Circuit and the First through the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals. As a general rule, the United States is immune from claims for money damages in civil suits. See Larson v. Domestic & Foreign Commerce Corp., 337 U.S. 682, 686-90, 69 S.Ct. 1457, 93 L.Ed. 1628 (1949). The FTCA waives the United States' sovereign immunity for civil suits for money damages "for injury or loss of property, or personal injury or death caused by the negligent or wrongful act or omission of any employee of the Government while acting within the scope of his office or employment." 28 U.S.C. § 1346(b)(1). Where the FTCA's waiver is operative, the government is liable in tort "in the same manner and to the same extent as a private individual under like circumstances." Id. § 2674. However, this broad waiver of sovereign immunity is cabined by a list of exceptions. See id. § 2680. [T]he FTCA's waiver does not apply to "[a]ny claim ... based upon the exercise or performance or the failure to exercise or perform a discretionary function or duty on the part of a federal agency or an employee of the Government, whether or not the discretion involved be abused." Id. § 2680(a).The exceptions to the FTCA's immunity waiver work to defeat the subject matter jurisdiction of the federal courts. Indemnity Ins. Co. of N. Am. v. United States, 569 F.3d 175, 180 (4th Cir. 2009). Thus, the burden is on the plaintiff in such a civil suit to establish "that the discretionary function exception does not foreclose their claim." Seaside Farm, Inc. v. United States, 842 F.3d 853, 857 (4th Cir. 2016).This exception represents one limit to the extent of "Congress' willingness to impose tort liability upon the United States." United States v. S.A. Empresa de Viacao Aerea Rio Grandense (Varig Airlines), 467 U.S. 797, 808, 104 S.Ct. 2755, 81 L.Ed.2d 660 (1984). It exists to prevent interference by the judiciary in the policy-laden balancing that accompanies the exercise of executive discretion. See Baum v. United States, 986 F.2d 716, 720 (4th Cir. 1993); Tiffany v. United States, 931 F.2d 271, 276 (4th Cir. 1991). Most importantly, the exception protects that "discretion of the executive ... to act according to [his] judgment of the best course, a concept of substantial historical ancestry in American law." Dalehite v. United States, 346 U.S. 15, 34, 73 S.Ct. 956, 97 L.Ed. 1427 (1953). Taken together, these considerations make manifest the important separation-of-powers principles that animate the discretionary function exception. See Holbrook v. United States, 673 F.3d 341, 345 (4th Cir. 2012).Blanco Ayala v. United States, 982 F. 3d 209 (4th Cir. 2020)

This book builds on the scholarship of the law of state jurisdiction, engaging with fundamental questions about states' legislative competence, to respond to climate change. Considering general theory, the author advocates for a systemic analytical framework for the contested issue of 'extraterritoriality' in international law. Exploring the crystallisation of 'climate change jurisdiction', the book provides a comprehensive exploration of the jurisdictional bases and limitations for unilateral climate protection measures. In doing so, cross-cutting issues of world trade law, international civil aviation law, the law of the sea, and importantly, the customary international law of state jurisdiction are considered. Amidst the myriad of developing norms, a novel 'considerate design' tool is introduced to assist policymakers in finding a better balance between regulatory autonomy, development needs and the protection of common concerns.