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In dem vorliegenden Buch werden die Interessenkonflikte der betrieblichen und behördlichen Datenschutzbeauftragten analysiert. Im Mittelpunkt steht eine ausführliche praxisbezogene Analyse der möglichen Interessenkonflikte der Datenschutzbeauftragten. Es wird herausgearbeitet, wie sich diese Interessenkonflikte auf die Praxis der betrieblichen und behördlichen Datenschutzbeauftragten auswirken und welche Unterschiede sich bei einer internen oder externen Benennung des Datenschutzbeauftragten ergeben.Art. 38 Abs. 6 S. 1 DSGVO sieht ein Verbot der Zuweisung konfligierender Aufgaben vor ¿ die Möglichkeiten eines Interessenkonflikts des Datenschutzbeauftragten gehen jedoch weit über diese normierte Konfliktmöglichkeit hinaus. Konkret werden in der Arbeit Interessenkonflikte in Bezug auf die unabhängige Stellung, die Aufgaben, die Pflichten und die Rechtsbeziehungen des Datenschutzbeauftragten betrachtet. Bei der Analyse der Interessenkonflikte wird berücksichtigt, dass der Datenschutzbeauftragte zugleich dem Verantwortlichen, den Betroffenen, den Aufsichtsbehörden und dem Datenschutz als abstraktes Schutzgut verpflichtet ist. Schließlich wird in der Arbeit aufgezeigt, welchen Verbundenheiten sich der Datenschutzbeauftragte ausgesetzt sieht und welche Antworten des Rechts den Interessenkonflikten gegenüberstehen.

This book identifies the principles that should be applied when processing Big Data in the context of food safety risk assessments. Food safety is a critical goal in the protection of individuals' right to health and the flourishing of the food and feed market. Big Data is fostering new applications capable of enhancing the accuracy of food safety risk assessments. An extraordinary amount of information is analysed to detect the existence or predict the likelihood of future risks, also by means of machine learning algorithms. Big Data and novel analysis techniques are topics of growing interest for food safety agencies, including the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). This wealth of information brings with it both opportunities and risks concerning the extraction of meaningful inferences from data. However, conflicting interests and tensions among the parties involved are hindering efforts to find shared methods for steering the processing of Big Data in a sound, transparent and trustworthy way. While consumers call for more transparency, food business operators tend to be reluctant to share informational assets. This has resulted in a considerable lack of trust in the EU food safety system. A recent legislative reform, supported by new legal cases, aims to restore confidence in the risk analysis system by reshaping the meaning of data ownership in this domain. While this regulatory approach is being established, breakthrough analytics techniques are encouraging thinking about the next steps in managing food safety data in the age of machine learning.The book focuses on two core topics - data ownership and data governance - by evaluating how the regulatory framework addresses the challenges raised by Big Data and its analysis in an applied, significant, and overlooked domain. To do so, it adopts an interdisciplinary approach that considers both the technological advances and the policy tools adopted in the European Union, while also assuming an ethical perspective when exploring potential solutions. The conclusion puts forward a proposal: an ethical blueprint for identifying the principles - Security, Accountability, Fairness, Explainability, Transparency and Privacy - to be observed when processing Big Data for food safety purposes, including by means of machine learning. Possible implementations are then discussed, also in connection with two recent legislative proposals, namely the Data Governance Act and the Artificial Intelligence Act.

This book presents a collection of high-quality research works and professional perspectives arising from the call for papers of the Privacy Symposium 2022; an international conference aimed towards the promotion of international dialogue, cooperation and knowledge sharing on data protection regulations, compliance and emerging technologies.Gathering legal and technology expertise, this publication provides cutting-edge perspectives on the convergence of international data protection regulations, as well as data protection compliance of emerging technologies, such as: Artificial Intelligence, e-health, blockchain, edge computing, Internet of things, V2X and Smart Grids.It includes selected papers from the Privacy Symposium conference 2022 (PSC 2022) call for papers, encompassing relevant topics, including:        international law and comparative law in data protection        cross-border data transfers        emerging technologies and data protection compliance        data protection by design        technologic solutions for data protection compliance        data protection good practices across industries and verticals        cybersecurity and data protection        assessment and certification of data protection compliance, and        data subject rights implementationThis publication includes papers authored by academics and professionals involved on various areas of data protection, technical, legal and compliance services.Chapter 10 is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com

This book argues that large corporations need to implement governance practices and processes that make them better innovators and that the challenge is to identify organizational principles and practices that provide the best chance of delivering innovative products to create a meaningful consumer experience. In this context, it is important to recognize that when we address organizational forms, we are not thinking of corporate governance in the sense of managing agency costs and ensuring regulatory compliance, but the more pressing business task of putting in place organizational systems and processes that facilitate value creation through continued and sustained innovation. The book examines how the contemporary concept and discourse of corporate governance may be obsolete or, at least, is increasingly disconnected from the needs and realities of the most innovative firms today. The concept of organizing for innovation-identifying process and practices that deliver the best opportunities for innovation-needs to take centre stage. This book aims to contribute to the nascent debate in this area by bringing together a series of chapters that examine various issues related to organizing for innovation.

The book focuses the openness of Chinese copyright law and patent law, namely the right limitation and exception rules (as the IP-internal balancing mechanism) and the right enforcement and protection (as the IP-external balancing mechanism). It examines the highlights of the 3rd and 4th amendments to the Chinese copyright law, patent law and the trademark law, addressing the most debated questions during these amendments. This book also takes a comparative approach to study the legislations and case laws in the USA, EU and China. The comparison covers the legislation, case decisions, which could offer useful clues for legislators to revise the current law, for judges to decide the cases about relevant topics and lay down their market plans. Moreover, this study also provides several recommendations for the right holders who are currently operating or planning to operate in China, regarding the de facto protection levels of their IP rights, the risks of right infringement and litigation costs as well as the trend of the goalsetting in their intellectual property strategy.

The aim of this book is to delve into the impact of the Information and Communications Technologies in the criminal prevention and investigation, by addressing the state of the art of different measures and its implementation in different legal systems vis à vis the protection of human rights. Yet this research not only pursues a diagnostic goal but furthermore aims at providing a reconstruction of this problematic area in light of modern, human rights-oriented notion of criminal justice. This broadens the scope of this investigation, which encompasses both unprecedented safeguards to traditional, or anyway widely recognized individual rights and the emergence of new rights, such as the right to informational self-determination, and the right to information technology privacy.The book addresses the problems and potentials in the areas of criminal prevention and criminal investigation, taking into account that due to electronic surveillance and the progress in the use of big data for identifying risks, the borders between preventive and investigative e-measures is not clear-cut.

Verrechtlichungsprozesse von Literatur stellen als Kollisionsfall von Kunstfreiheit und allgemeinem Persönlichkeitsrecht nicht nur für die Jurisprudenz eine Herausforderung dar. Auch die Fiktionstheorie findet im besonderen Redestatus und den Fiktionslizenzen der Literatur ein reiches Feld. Die vorliegende Studie widmet sich systematisch anhand tatsächlich verhandelter Fälle und mit Blick auf neuere Fiktionsansätze der Frage, ob fiktionalen Texten Persönlichkeitsrechtsverletzungen angelastet werden können. Hierfür wird ausgehend von der Referenzstruktur fiktionaler Literatur untersucht, in welchen Fällen sich Elemente in der Darstellung literarischer Figuren auf reale Personen beziehen lassen und infolgedessen justiziabel werden können.

Die umfassende Einräumung von urheberrechtlichen Nutzungsrechten im internationalen Kontext wird zuweilen als Überlassung und nicht als Übertragung interpretiert. Dies kann nach deutschem Einkommenssteuerrecht zu ungewollten Ergebnissen für den Vergütungsschuldner führen. Im Rahmen einer dogmatischen Analyse setzt sich der Autor mit den Auswirkungen urheberrechtlicher Vorschriften, die auch bei vollständiger Einräumung von Nutzungsrechten einen Verbleib von Rechten beim Urheber begründen, auf die einkommenssteuerrechtliche Bewertung ebensolcher Rechteeinräumungen auseinander. Bei der Untersuchung stellt der Autor klassische urheberrechtliche Werke und Computerprogramme gegenüber, um die Analyse des Rechteverbleibs zu veranschaulichen.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems are increasingly being deployed by marketing entities in connection with consumers' interactions. Thanks to machine learning (ML) and cognitive computing technologies, businesses can now analyse vast amounts of data on consumers, generate new knowledge, use it to optimize certain processes, and undertake tasks that were previously impossible.Against this background, this book analyses new algorithmic commercial practices, discusses their challenges for consumers, and measures such developments against the current EU legislative framework on consumer protection. The book adopts an interdisciplinary approach, building on empirical findings from AI applications in marketing and theoretical insights from marketing studies, and combining them with normative analysis of privacy and consumer protection in the EU.The content is divided into three parts. The first part analyses the phenomenon of algorithmic marketing practices and reviews the main AI and AI-related technologies used in marketing, e.g. Big data, ML and NLP. The second part describes new commercial practices, including the massive monitoring and profiling of consumers, the personalization of advertising and offers, the exploitation of psychological and emotional insights, and the use of human-like interfaces to trigger emotional responses. The third part provides a comprehensive analysis of current EU consumer protection laws and policies in the field of commercial practices. It focuses on two main legal concepts, their shortcomings, and potential refinements: vulnerability, understood as the conceptual benchmark for protecting consumers from unfair algorithmic practices; manipulation, the substantive legal measure for drawing the line between fair and unfair practices.

This book is a unique compilation of comprehensive works covering the potentials, challenges, and realities of geographical indications from an Indian perspective. The book encompasses critical studies on legal, regulatory, and institutional frameworks and debates surrounding geographical indications. The concept of geographical indication has not received paramount importance in India compared to the other forms of intellectual property rights like patents and trademarks, while GI is becoming critical in national and international discourses. It aims at presenting both national and international situations and discussions, which will appeal to readers worldwide. This book in its first part elaborately deals with the genesis of the GI Act, and then it goes on to analyze both substantive as well as procedural aspects of the registration under the Indian GI Act and tries to identify the discrepancy and gaps in the laws. Also, a comparative perspective has been built by analyzing the GI laws and regulations of some developed countries with that of India. The challenges in existing regulation for quality control and enforcement of GI products in the Indian GI Act have been dealt comprehensively by the authors which are critical in achieving the stated objectives of the Act.The book also focuses on the role of geographical indication in the socio-economic development of rural India. The authors have illustrated how the GI can act as an effective mechanism for employment generation and sustainable growth opportunities in different sectors like agriculture, food, and handicraft.  The interaction of GI with traditional knowledge and biodiversity and their impact on society is also extensively covered. The book contains real-life case studies by the authors from different states of India highlighting the success stories and missed opportunities of different GIs and the way forward where the GI can function as an effective tool for the overall development of a country and promote international trade.  The book will provide law students, scholars from legal and IP disciplines, legal practitioners, producers, and policymakers a factual and multidimensional insight into the GI system in India. This will further promote research in this area, particularly from an Asian perspective and enhance the real-life application of GI to varied products.

This book examines the path that name, image, and likeness (NIL) has taken in the first years of the policy, how the expansion has led to differing approaches across state and universities, and how administrators in selected states are dealing with the rulemaking power they have.

This timely volume offers a comprehensive and rigorous overview of the role of communication in the construction of hate speech and polarization in the online and offline arena.Delving into the meanings, implications, contexts and effects of extreme speech and gated communities in the media landscape, the chapters analyse misleading metaphors and rhetoric via focused case studies to understand how we can overcome the risks and threats stemming from the past decade's defining communicative phenomena. The book brings together an international team of experts, enabling a broad, multidisciplinary approach that examines hate speech, dislike, polarization and enclave deliberation as cross axes that influence offline and digital conversations. The diverse case studies herein offer insights into international news media, television drama and social media in a range of contexts, suggesting an academic frame of reference for examining this emerging phenomenon within the field of communication studies.Offering thoughtful and much-needed analysis, this collection will be of great interest to scholars and students working in communication studies, media studies, journalism, sociology, political science, political communication and cultural industries.

The book reviews the history, present, and likely future of intellectual property for plant-related inventions. It describes "e;what works"e; and "e;what does not work"e; in the current situation and analyzes whether the current intellectual property framework will be able to cope with the rise of genome editing/new breeding technologies (especially CRISPR Cas). Based on trend data, the analysis shows that the current system, including stakeholder initiatives, will most likely not be able to adapt to the technology change. It then evaluates different options for legislators to respond and proposes in detail a new holistic IP system which merges elements of the patent and the plant variety protection system into one new system.

This book discusses various legal aspects of automated and autonomous transport. The regulation of automated and autonomous transport encompasses legislation on automated cars, ships, vessels, and drones. Questions surrounding this novel area of the law, which has attracted major worldwide interest and publicity, are likely to dominate our societies and everyday life in the years ahead. One major challenge addressed in this book is remedying the regulatory fragmentation that can be observed around the globe concerning legislation on automated and autonomous transportation systems. Written and edited by respected experts in the field, including academics and practitioners alike, this book seeks to fill an important gap in the literature.Given its focus and scope, the book will be of considerable interest to practitioners, academics, and policymakers, judges, students and secondary audiences, including engineers, sociologists, naval architects, all those involved in the automated industry, and people working in AI.

In the era of globalisation, cross-border crimes are becoming increasingly common. The nature of these crimes is complex, and cross-border evidence exchange is, therefore, crucial to the successful prosecution of these offences. The exchange of evidence between countries can provide invaluable assistance in solving crimes that have an international dimension. The European Investigation Order (EIO) allows judicial authorities to request evidence more quickly and easily than via traditional instruments. The EIO has become the primary legal tool for gathering trans-border evidence, replacing the traditional Mutual Legal Assistance (MLA) conventions previously used. However, the EIO is not the only pertinent legal instrument for cross-border evidence gathering within the EU. Accordingly, professionals need a clear understanding of this subject.Exchanging evidence among judicial authorities in the EU Member States presupposes twoessential components. First, there must be a secure communication channel. This is provided by e-CODEX, which offers a European digital infrastructure for secure cross-border communication in the field of justice. Recently (May 30th, 2022), the e-CODEX system became the digital backbone of EU judicial cooperation in civil and criminal matters on the basis of Regulation 2022/850. To achieve effective evidence exchange via EIO/MLA legal instruments, there must also be a communication tool. This is provided by the e-Evidence Digital Exchange System, which is capable of managing any EIO/MLA procedures/instruments, from the e-Forms (EIO Annexes) to the whole business logic, on the basis of the e-CODEX system. Finally, it is essential to use a uniform standard for the representation of evidence data and metadata, so as to streamline the process and make investigations more effective, in particular when it comes to complicated criminal cases where it is key to find either correlations amongdifferent cases or to extract multiple types of data from the same inspection. The importance of cross-border evidence exchange in criminal matters cannot be overstated. This book addresses all the above-mentioned aspects, offering an up-to-date overview of scenarios in cross-border judicial cooperation from both juridical and technical standpoints.

This book critically analyses the relationships between intangible cultural heritage (ICH), sustainable development and intellectual property rights (IPRs). The author argues that although the use of IPRs to safeguard ICH presents challenges and has impeded sustainable development in some cases, the adoption of these rights on ICH also presents opportunities and, fundamentally, is not contrary to the spirit of the UNESCO Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage (UNESCO 2003 Convention). The adoption of IPRs on ICH can form an important part of the development of sustainable safeguarding plans capable of benefitting the communities, groups and individuals (CGIs) that create, maintain and transmit such heritage. The book provides a nuanced analysis of the relationship between intellectual property (IP) law and ICH as well as examining the role of IPRs in safeguarding ICH through the lens of sustainable development. It analyses the relationship between IP law and ICH from environmental, social and economic perspectives. These perspectives allow a thorough evaluation of both the positive effects and potential pitfalls of adopting IPRs to safeguard ICH. The book addresses deeper structural matters that refer back to the safeguarding of social and environmental processes underlying ICH.

Dieser Praxis-Guide ist ein ungemein hilfreicher Ratgeber, um das komplexe Thema Bildrechte gut verstehen zu können. Zugleich kann das Buch fallbezogen als Nachschlagewerk im Alltag dienen.Auf Basis der Gesetzeslage (DSGVO, KUG, UrhG, UrhDaG, u.v.m.) erhalten Sie Antworten zu den häufigsten Fragen der rechtskonformen Verwendung von Bildmaterial. Das Buch ist für Nicht-Juristen geschrieben, die im Marketing, der Öffentlichkeitsarbeit, als Fotografen, Blogger oder Bildrechtemanager arbeiten. Im Fokus stehen die typischen Anwendungsfälle der digitalen Publikation von Fotos, Videos, Logos, Animationen, Designs und Grafiken. Mit vielen Bildbeispielen, Praxisfällen, Leitsätzen und Checklisten werden die rechtlichen Fragestellungen einfach und verständlich beantwortet. Kritische Punkte Ihres Handelns werden so für Sie schnell erkennbar.Die dritte Auflage wurde vollständig aktualisiert und erweitert (u.a. Recht auf Vergessenwerden, Fotografie mit Kamera-Drohnen, KI-Bilder, aktuelle höchstrichterliche Entscheidungen zur DSGVO, Urheberrechts-Diensteanbieter-Gesetz, ¿).Auszug aus dem Inhalt ¿ Know how u.a. zu ¿Personenfotos veröffentlichenVerwendung von KI-BildernUmgang mit Architektur- und Sachaufnahmen sowie mit geschützten Produkten, Logos, Markennamen und DesignsBilder für Internetpublikationen (Social-Media-Redaktion, Blogs, etc.)Sorgfaltspflichten bei der Verwendung fremder BilderDie passende Lizenz erwerben sowie Lizenzvergabe mit Creative-Commons-LizenzenOnline-Service mit Muster-Dokumenten (Einwilligungserklärungen, Verträge, ¿)On top: Testen Sie Ihr Wissen mit Fragen und Antworten zum Buch mit Springer Nature Flashcards.