Medicinsk forskning

This volume discusses methods used in the fields of molecular and cellular biology for detecting and studying cell death, especially in cancer and cancer therapy. Chapters in this book cover topics such as non-destructive, real-time Annexin V apoptosis assay; assessment of the immune response to tumor cell apoptosis and efferocytosis; mass cytometry assessment of cell phenotypes and signaling states in human whole blood; cell cycle analysis of ER stress and autophagy; and simultaneous detection of inflammasome activation and membrane damage during pyroptosis. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls.Cutting-edge and practical, Apoptosis and Cancer: Methods and Protocols is a valuable resource and practical guide for both novice and expert researchers looking into the "e;meaning of death."e;

Methodologies for Biosimilar Product Development covers the practical and challenging issues that are commonly encountered during the development, review, and approval of a proposed biosimilar product. These practical and challenging issues include, but are not limited to the mix-up use of interval hypotheses testing (i.e., the use of TOST) and confidence interval approach, a risk/benefit assessment for non-inferiority/similarity margin, PK/PD bridging studies with multiple references, the detection of possible reference product change over time, design and analysis of biosimilar switching studies, the assessment of sensitivity index for assessment of extrapolation across indications without collecting data from those indications not under study, and the feasibility and validation of non-medical switch post-approval.Key Features:Reviews withdrawn draft guidance on analytical similarity assessment.Evaluates various methods for analytical similarity evaluation based on FDA's current guidelines.Provides a general approach for the use of n-of-1 trial design for assessment of interchangeability.Discusses the feasibility and validity of the non-medical switch studies.Provides innovative thinking for detection of possible reference product change over time.This book embraces innovative thinking of design and analysis for biosimilar studies, which are required for review and approval of biosimilar regulatory submissions.

A practical approach to bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and its analyses, which are used worldwide in both research and clinical settings. This book includes practical guidelines with the theoretic background and provides details on microscopic and flow cytometric measurements for all known differential diagnostics made with BAL analyses.

This book focuses on current and innovative technologies in perinatal medicine, specifically the period from the third trimester of pregnancy up to one month after birth. It follows the Second International Summer School on Technologies and Signal Processing in Perinatal Medicine (TSPPM 2021) and includes a number of the master lectures presented at the school. The book aims to provide an overview of current data processing and machine learning approaches, with clear indications and exhaustive presentations on research trends in the field, written by top scientists and researchers. It also presents the underlying clinical aspects and ethico-legal issues associated with the adoption of these technologies, particularly artificial intelligence tools. Innovative Technologies and Signal Processing in Perinatal Medicine: Volume 2 provides students, researchers, and practitioners with the knowledge necessary to carry out basic and applied research on the development of perinatal medicine medical devices with a particular emphasis on software design and development.

Microplastics and nanoplastics have been recently found in most environmental media and in living organisms, thus representing a serious health concern of yet poorly known adverse consequences. This book summarizes recent findings on the sources, behavior, transformation, toxicity and remediation of microplastics, with focus on soils, water, wastewater, air, soils, plants and corals. Advanced methods for sampling, characterization, removal and degradation of microplastics.

Acute and chronic pain are common among service members and impact individual health and force readiness. Interviews with Military Health System staff and service member patients provide perspectives on ways to improve pain care.

This volume builds upon the successful book Lanthanide Luminescence published in the Springer Series on Fluorescence in 2011. Since its publication, the field of lanthanide spectroscopy and the areas in which the light emission properties of the f-elements are used have experienced substantial advances. The luminescence properties of lanthanide ions make them unique candidates for a myriad of optical applications. This book highlights and reviews the latest research in areas ranging from luminescence thermometry to imaging, sensing and photonic applications of these fascinating elements. Each chapter provides a comprehensive introduction to a specific area of application of lanthanide luminescence and extensively reviews seminal papers and current research literature. Given its interdisciplinary scope, the book appeals to scientists and advanced students in physics, chemistry and materials science interested in compounds and materials with optical properties.

This book analyses the ability of technological advancements to represent, enhance, and empower multidisciplinarity in the context of Society 5.0. and next generation medicine. New technologies allow patients to communicate with medical personnel anytime, anywhere and shape the terrain of healthcare ecosystem at an unprecedented rate. Five main trends become apparent in this process: Hybrid care models combining virtual and in-person services, digitization of healthcare specialties, increased Artificial intelligence (AI) adoption, health systems moving to the cloud and advanced precision medicine.In its chapters the book dissects the important roles for technologies in areas such as digital twinning, big data, Internet of Things, AI, cyber-physical systems, blockchain technology to lead the healthcare digitalization envisioned in Society 5.0. Throughout the book the authors discuss how to incorporate these new technologies legally, ethically, safely, and securely and in keeping with the highest standards of human rights. It also advocates for the need for careful oversight and mindful allocation of resources and energy for sustainable development.This book, written by experts in the field from academia and industry, will appeal to researchers, healthcare professionals, policy makers, teachers and students interested in the ways healthcare is reorganized based on digital transformation efforts and the rethinking of care, including technologies.

The contributed volume "e;Multidisciplinarity and Interdisciplinarity in Health"e; is a health-centered volume of the Integrated Science Book series. Lack of confidence, lack of expertise, complexities of healthcare, the confusing nature of healthcare environments, and lack of organization and standardization can become obstacles to successful communication. This volume establishes how extensive is the interface between formal sciences and medical sciences on health-related issues. The book provides an overview of the value of the integration of formal, biological, and medical sciences and related products, i.e., health informatics and biomedical engineering, to frame a holistic approach to health systems, healthcare, medical practice, drug discovery, and medical device design. The book also focuses on innovative solutions to the most critical issues of different health crisis, including obesity, infectious outbreaks, and cancer that can be found by using an integrative approach. It also contains the fascinating crossroads between medical sciences, physics, and mind that is discussed from multiple perspectives on cognition, neuroscience, and psychiatry. These multidisciplinary considerations will expand the concepts of creativity, leadership, aesthetics, empathy and mental health.   

Paraneoplastic Neurological Disorders, Volume 200 covers new, recent descriptions of autoantibodies against neuronal cell surface antigens (only partly associated with paraneoplastic disorders) and the introduction of new immuno-oncological drugs that can contribute to diseases that are pathogenetically indistinguishable from paraneoplastic syndromes. Besides investigating the pathogenetic mechanisms of these disorders, this book also explores what the introduction of new drugs used in immune checkpoint inhibitor cancer therapy are teaching us in terms of immunopathogenesis. Following sections present individual syndromes (phenotypical clinical manifestations) of the CNS, PNS, NMJ, and muscle. Finally, the book investigates the role of antibody markers that differentiate by cytoplasmic, nuclear, and neuronal cell surface reactivities. Side effects of the new immuno-oncological drugs increasingly used in cancer therapy are also covered.

Bayesian analysis is one of the important tools for statistical modelling and inference. Bayesian frameworks and methods have been successfully applied to solve practical problems in reliability and survival analysis, which have a wide range of real world applications in medical and biological sciences, social and economic sciences, and engineering. In the past few decades, significant developments of Bayesian inference have been made by many researchers, and advancements in computational technology and computer performance has laid the groundwork for new opportunities in Bayesian computation for practitioners.Because these theoretical and technological developments introduce new questions and challenges, and increase the complexity of the Bayesian framework, this book brings together experts engaged in groundbreaking research on Bayesian inference and computation to discuss important issues, with emphasis on applications to reliability and survival analysis. Topics covered are timely and have the potential to influence the interacting worlds of biostatistics, engineering, medical sciences, statistics, and more. The included chapters present current methods, theories, and applications in the diverse area of biostatistical analysis. The volume as a whole serves as reference in driving quality global health research.  

Much research has focused on the basic cellular and molecular biological aspects of stem cells. Much of this research has been fueled by their potential for use in regenerative medicine applications, which has in turn spurred growing numbers of translational and clinical studies. However, more work is needed if the potential is to be realized for improvement of the lives and well-being of patients with numerous diseases and conditions.This book series 'Cell Biology and Translational Medicine (CBTMED)' as part of Springer Nature's longstanding and very successful Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology book series, has the goal to accelerate advances by timely information exchange. Emerging areas of regenerative medicine and translational aspects of stem cells are covered in each volume. Outstanding researchers are recruited to highlight developments and remaining challenges in both the basic research and clinical arenas. This current book is the 16th volume of a continuing series.Chapter "e;Epithelial Stem Cells: Making, Shaping and Breaking the Niche"e; is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

There are many standard text books of surgery covering variousaspects of surgery nd their sub-specialties.The purpose of this book is to assist students especially junior onces to acquire the necessary skills in history taken, physical examination, important investigations and the management of surgical patients.The methodology used was clinical history case demonstration and physical examination, summary of the important clinical investigations and their results, treatment offered and their outcome. Thereafter the aethopathology of the disease condition (where necessary), some modern investitagions and their likely outcome, current treatment options available, complications of the disease condition and their likely differential diagnosis were discussed in outline fashion.Repetations in some of the topics is deliberate and inevitable. This is to give the student deep and reflective insight into the disease conditions, their mode of presentation and possible current management options available.Some of the chapters have short vignettes which is meant to be brain teasers for both undergraduates and post graduate students preparing for the surgical medical exams such as objective structured clinical examination ((OSCE), medical viva, written examination and clinical examination.It is hoped to serve as a fast and focused revision guide to students of surgery and would be of immense assistance to students during ward round, ground-round and tutorials. It will improve their skill in case presentation, and in answering questions clearly, precisely and in unambiquous manner during their period of apprenticeship.It is therefore not a replacement for standard text books of surgery and will only be useful to those who have read through standard text books of surgery.Benjamin I Tabowei.

This book describes intraoperative flow cytometry in solid tumours. Intraoperative flow cytometry is an innovative technique for assessing tumour margins and grade of malignancy intraoperatively. The authors have been working on this procedure for more than 14 years and have introduced it in the surgery of intracranial tumours, breast cancer, liver cancer and head and neck neoplasms, as described in the book. A detailed description of the main pathological findings will be followed by an explanation of the intraoperative flow cytometry¿s role. In each chapter, information will be provided to stimulate further research on this topic. The book will also include new topics that have not been published till now.The book is aimed at neurosurgeons, general surgeons, ENT specialists, breast surgeons, radiologists, pathologists, oncologists, biologists, biochemists and scientists working with on flow cytometry.

Quantitative ultrasound (QUS) continues to mature as a research field and is primed to make a swift transition to routine preclinical and clinical applications. This book will serve two main purposes:Advanced education in QUS by providing a complete and thorough review of all theoretical, physical, and engineering aspects of QUS.Review of recent development of QUS by lead contributors in the research field.This 2nd edition will focus on 6 modern research topics related to quantitative ultrasound of soft tissues:Spectral-based methods for tissue characterization, tissue typing, cancer detection, etc.Attenuation estimation for tissue characterization and improving spectral based methodsEnvelope statistics analysis as a means of quantifying and imaging tissue properties.Ultrasound computed tomography for preclinical and clinical imaging.Scanning acoustic microscopy for formingimages of mechanical properties of soft tissues with micron resolution.Phantoms for quantitative ultrasound.

This book offers an extensive overview of the current and future potential of polysaccharides-based films, providing in-depth coverage of the fundamentals and basics of polysaccharide-based films.Aimed at students, scholars, scientists, and food packaging professionals, this book delves into the properties and applications of polysaccharide-based edible films in the food packaging industry. It provides insights and pathways for widening the applications of polysaccharide-based films to maximize their benefits in various industries and research institutes worldwide.With a wealth of scientific knowledge presented in an organized manner, this book serves as a valuable reference for researchers and professionals in food and pharmaceutical industries, as well as those in research and development (R&D) institutes.