Immunologi

This volume presents a collection of protocols to study effector-triggered immunity (ETI) in both plants and animals from eminent groups in the field. The chapters in this book cover topics such as genetic manipulation of plant and animal pathogens, host cells, and the analysis of key host responses; and techniques used for the analysis of inflammasome activation, cell death pathways, and mitochondria damage in response to pathogens. All of these topics cover a broad spectrum of immunological, biochemical, cell biological, and structural biology approaches to examine ETI. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls.Cutting-edge and practical, Effector-Triggered Immunity: Methods and Protocols is a valuable resource for both expert and novice researchers who are interested in learning more about the important and developing field of ETI.

New York Times bestselling author Dr. Sara Gottfried reveals how trauma can rewire your body to trigger autoimmune diseases and provides a comprehensive plan to reset your immune system and finally heal.

This is the first volume to comprehensively discuss the ethical, regulatory, and social aspects of xenotransplantation research.Organized into four parts, Xenotransplantation begins by examining ethical issues around informed consent of the potential xenograft recipient, the major ethical issues encountered when doing this research on pigs, and allocation issues. Part two examines regulatory aspects from a global perspective, specifically from three major regions of the world doing xenotransplantation research currently, of which include the United States, Western Europe, and Asia. Following this, part three describes religious aspects of xenotransplantation amongst the major world religions, including Christianity, Islam, Judaism, and Hinduism. The book closes with an analysis of quantitative and qualitative studies conducted by the editors that assess the public¿s perception of xenotransplantation. Featuring original data collectedby the editors, this book is an instrumental resource for all clinicians involved in the research and practice of xenotransplantation.

This detailed book delves into the diverse techniques and applications to target, isolate, image, phenotype, and analyze tissue-resident and monocyte-derived macrophages. The contents aim to describe the current knowledge about macrophage development and function which forces the scientific field to move beyond the previously described M1/M2 macrophage paradigm to be able to dissect macrophage functions within their specific niches during health and disease. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step and readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Thorough and practical, Tissue-Resident Macrophages: Methods and Protocols provides scientists entering the macrophage field with information and tools that allow them to dive into the state-of-the-art methodology used in this vital field.

This book focuses on a broad range of immunomodulators, including both natural and synthetic ones. It highlights their role in human health. The book discusses nanotechnology-based immunomodulators with special emphasis on different types of formulation to boost the immune system. It highlights the role of immunomodulators against different microbes. This book describes important topics such as Classification and uses of various immunomodulators; Potential role of herbs and spices on immune system; Immune booster activity of prebiotics; Recent advances of nutraceutical and functional foods in Immune health; Antioxidants and immunomodulation; Nanotechnology and immunomodulators in cancer; Immunomodulatory role for the treatment and management of tuberculosis; Immunomodulation in autoimmune disorders; Herbal immunomodulators and COVID-19; Role of Cytokines as Immunomodulators and Immunomodulatory effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals. This book covers various aspects of product innovation, development, and launching of nutritional and pharmaceutical products with reference to immunomodulators. This book is meant for researchers and students in the field of immunology and pharmaceutical sciences.

The current book is focussed on the Toll-like receptors (TLRs), which are the first pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) discovered in humans. For example, TLR4 was first recognized in humans in 1997 as a PRR recognizing the Gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). This discovery revolutionized the field of innate immunity and filled the long-standing gap in the pathogen recognition by the immune system. Now, it is well established that humans have 10 (TLR1-TLR10) and mice have 12 (TLR1-TLR13) functional TLRs, excluding TLR10 that is present as a defective pseudogene. TLRs are present as both membrane-bound extracellular (TLR1, TLR2, TLR4, TLR5, TLR6, and TLR10) and intracellular (TLR3, TLR7, TLR8, and TLR9) PRRs in humans, which identify different pathogen or microbe-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs or MAMPs) and death or damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) released by the host cells. A lot of development in the TLR biology has occurred in last 24 years since there first discovery in humans.The book is intended to describe their role in the host defence, human reproduction, non-infectious sterile inflammatory conditions, including brain immunity and cerebrovascular diseases, signaling mechanisms, adaptive immunity, and their targeting for drug development.

This book is an extensive, evidence-based, in-depth review of all aspects of the frequent oral potentially malignant disorder Oral Lichen Planus, from the complex pathogenesis and differential diagnosis to therapeutic management. It highlights the main discoveries and the limits of current knowledge in the epidemiology, pathogenesis and therapy of this oral disorder, projecting clinicians to the best possible therapeutic management and researchers to the main research fields potentially interesting for the understanding of etiopathogenesis and the establishment of a universally recognized diagnostic criteria. Detailed orientation is provided on oral lichen planus and on the main oral disorders clinically and histologically very similar to it. This work is aimed at clinicians, who are often faced with oral lesions that are not always easily diagnosed, and researchers who are interested in dentistry, oral medicine, and the partly mysterious disease Oral Lichen Planus.

This is a timely and essential companion to the recently published Antimicrobial Resistance in the 21st Century, Second Edition. Antimicrobial resistance is a major threat to global population health, with government reports projecting it could result in over 10 million deaths in the next 35 years. Development of new agents to combat this threat is one of the WHO's top priorities, but in 2017, it conceded that the current drug development pipeline was insufficient to mitigate the threat. This book discusses recent progress and bolster new agent discovery and development, by providing researchers and students who will soon enter the field with a thorough guide to the advancements made in the last decade. Coverage includes new systemic antimicrobials approved since 2010, with detailed analysis of antibiotics, antivirals, antifungals, and antiparasitics, as well as agents in development for future use. Discussion of each drug will include its chemical nature, pharmacology/pharmacokinetics, antimicrobial spectrum, dosage, adverse reactions, drug interactions, microbial resistance, indications, clinical efficacy compared to older agents, and lists of similar agents with cost comparison. This volume is designed for researchers and students of infectious disease and medical microbiology, as well as clinicians in need of a comprehensive guide to newly developed agents.

In this issue of Immunology & Allergy Clinics, guest editor Dr. Cem Akin brings his considerable expertise to the topic of Mast Cell Disorders. Top experts in the field provide readers with information on the identification, management, and treatment of mast cell disorders and mastocytosis. Contains 9 relevant, practice-oriented topics including drug and venom allergy in mastocytosis; quality of life in mastocytosis; effect of gender and special considerations for women in mastocytosis and anaphylaxis; management of mediator symptoms, allergy, and anaphylaxis in mastocytosis; and more.  Provides in-depth clinical reviews on mast cell disorders, offering actionable insights for clinical practice.  Presents the latest information on this timely, focused topic under the leadership of experienced editors in the field. Authors synthesize and distill the latest research and practice guidelines to create clinically significant, topic-based reviews.

Die Beiträge der Wissenschaft in der Corona-Krise waren vielfältig. Sie reichten von der Impfstoffentwicklung über Aerosolforschung bis hin zu Modellierungen. Es gab viele Erfolgsmeldungen. Virologen wurden zu Medienstars. Wissenschaft, Politik und Medien sprachen zeitweise mit einer Stimme ¿ ein Siegeszug der Wissenschaftskommunikation? Es gab aber auch überzogene Versprechungen, dünnhäutige Reaktionen bei Kritik und Einseitigkeit in der Politikberatung ¿ ein kommunikatives Desaster für Wissenschaft, Politik und Medien?Dieses Sachbuch möchte die Diskussion zur Corona-Kommunikation in Wissenschaft, Politik und Medien anregen. Es basiert auf Fallstudien, die aus verschiedenen Perspektiven beleuchtet werden, ordnet Beispiele entlang der Kriterien etablierter Wissenschaftsorganisationen ein und formuliert Fragen an die künftige Wissenschaft und ihre Kommunikation.Ist dies eine Studie, Materialsammlung oder Streitschrift? Alles. Aber hauptsächlich ein Plädoyer: Gegen unantastbare Wahrheiten, Meinungshomogenisierung und Ausgrenzung. Für Transparenz, Pluralität und Dialog in Wissenschaft und Kommunikation.

Super Immunity: The Ultimate Guide to Immune Food Solutions, Learn All About the Food and Diet That Can Boost Your Immune System for Good Health and Long LifeIf you don't have a well-functioning immune system, you are more prone to develop illnesses or diseases. Even a common cold or minor wounds would be difficult to heal if you are immuno-compromised. That's why it is always important to maintain a healthy immune system. You can also take steps in order to make sure you're fortifying your immune system and that is to eat food that can boost your immune system. This book will teach you about the right foods that you can eat to boost your immunity. You will learn what you should be adding to your daily diet in order to remain healthy. You will also learn how these foods can help your body fight disease and sickness. You will also discover how to combine these foods so you can create the perfect immunity-boosting diet for longer and healthier life. This book will discuss the following topics:The Immunity Problem - An OverviewNutrition For Your Immune SystemPhytochemicals and ImmunityAntioxidants and Immune HealthPolysaccharides - Improve Your WellbeingPlant Foods and Their Cancer-Fighting PropertiesOmega-3 Helps to Fight DiseasePrebiotics and the GutTop 10 Immunity-Boosting Foods to Add to Your DietYou will realize that incorporating immunity-boosting foods in your diet is really easier than you imagined. You just have to be aware which exactly are these foods so you can start including them in your diet.If you want to know more about all the food that can help boost your immunity system and help you fight off diseases, scroll up and click "add to cart" now.

This book provides a thought-provoking analysis of the complex interactions between the virus and the host immune system that underlie the evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic. The author delves into the impact of mass vaccination on individual and global health, and explains how powerful organizations, institutions, and industries lacking an understanding of this complex environment have turned a natural viral pandemic into one of disastrous immune escape. The author's predictions are compelling and indicate that Nature will correct this mistake, but at a substantial cost to human lives in highly vaccinated countries. The book also highlights the ignorance and arrogance of key opinion leaders and decision-makers in the field as the main reason for this colossal blunder. It is a must-read for anyone interested in understanding the intricacies of the pandemic and the impact of mass vaccination on society. The author's unique approach and reliance on basic scientific principles make this a valuable addition to the literature on the subject.

This volume provides methods on the role of TLRs in immune responses and on the various approaches targeting different TLRs in cancer, autoimmunity and in vaccine development. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and key tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Toll-Like Receptors: Methods and Protocols aims to be a useful and practical guide to new researchers and experts looking to expand their knowledge.

This volume provides a compilation of methods that will aid researchers studying virology, immunology, and vaccinology of this devastating disease of swine. Written in the format of the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, each chapter includes an introduction to the topic, lists necessary materials and reagents, includes tips on troubleshooting and known pitfalls, and step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols.Authoritative and cutting-edge, African Swine Fever Virus: Methods and Protocols aims to be a foundation for future studies and to be a source of inspiration for new investigations in the field.

The present work corresponds to a compilation of independent contributions in the fields of endocrinology, immunity, cancer, neurobiology, and myology. Revision of current advances as well as novel findings in the form of original articles are presented in a balanced fashion. The book has been divided into three sections in line with the main subject: Molecular pathology of immune, inflammatory, and hemostatic disorders; Molecular pathology of endocrine and muscular disorders; and Molecular pathology of cancer: determinants and potential therapies. In the first section, contributing authors take the reader through the molecular pathology of immune responses, inflammation, and hemostasis, by collating an update on systemic autoimmune diseases, the therapeutic potential of statins in hemostasis, the effects of adrenergic stimulation on coagulation, the emerging field of physical burnout due to the mobility restrictions in response to the 2020 SARS-CoV-2 pandemic imposed worldwide, and the success of community-oriented muscular kinesic rehabilitation. The second section presents engaging results from a survey of iodine intake through the diet of pregnant females, an appraisal of the neuroprotective effect of dexmedetomidine, novel evidence on muscle physiopathology, describing the upregulation of CCL5/RANTES during cholestatic liver disease, the fibrotic response emerging in response to cholic and deoxycholic acids, and the altering effects of bile acids in autophagy and mitogenesis. In the third section, a comprehensive revision of cancer literature is offered with an emphasis on melanoma, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, microRNA-based diagnostic approaches, and new avenues for cancer immunotherapy. Altogether, these individual contributions offer a comprehensive and up-to-date outlook of the current state in the field of molecular pathology.Chapter 14 is available open access under a CreativeCommons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

The fascinating area of molecular medicine provides a molecular and cellular description of health and disease. Starting with the understanding of gene regulation and epigenetics, i.e., the interplay of transcription factors and chromatin, this book will provide an fundamental basis of nearly all processes in physiology, both in health as well as in most common disorders, such as cancer, diabetes as well as in autoimmune diseases. Most non-communicable human diseases have a genetic (= inherited) as well as an epigenetic component. The later one is based on our lifestyle choices and environmental exposures. Many common diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, can be explained only to some 20% via a genetic predisposition. We cannot change the genes that we are born with but we can take care of the remaining 80% being primarily based on our epigenome. Therefore, there is a high level of individual responsibility for staying healthy. Thus, not only biologists and biochemists should be aware of this topic, but all students of biomedical disciplines will benefit from being introduced into the concepts of molecular medicine. This will provide them with a good basis for their specialized disciplines of modern life science research. The book is subdivided into 42 chapters that are linked to a series of lecture courses in ¿Molecular Medicine and Genetics¿, ¿Molecular Immunology¿, ¿Cancer Biology¿ and ¿Nutrigenomics¿ that is given by one of us (C. Carlberg) in different forms since 2002 at the University of Eastern Finland in Kuopio. This book represents an updated version and fusion of the books textbooks ¿Mechanisms of Gene Regulation: How Science Works¿ (ISBN 978-3-030-52321-3), ¿Human Epigenetics: How Science Works¿ (ISBN 978-3-030-22907-8). ¿Molecular Immunology: How Science Works¿ (ISBN 978-3-031-04024-5), ¿Cancer Biology: How Science Works¿ (ISBN 978-3-030-75699-4) and ¿Nutrigenomics: How Science Works¿ (ISBN 978-3-030-36948-4). By combining basic understanding of cellular mechanism with clinical examples, the authors hope to make this textbook a personal experience. A glossary in the appendix will explain the major specialist¿s terms.

This book provides an updated account of tight junctions of different epithelia and endothelia and addresses their anatomy, biochemistry, physiology, synthesis, assembly, and modulation. It also discusses the relationship between molecular structure, function, regulation, posttranslational modifications of tight junction proteins and their role in gut microbiota maintenance, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and intestinal barrier dysfunction-associated disorders important for the progression of human cancers. This book presents the pathological alterations of tight junctions at the blood-brain barrier that intensify or even initiate neurological dysfunction. Further, it reviews the significance of tight junctions and tight junction proteins in cancer development, infectious diseases, allergic reactions, and autoimmune disorders. Lastly, it highlights strategies for modulating tight junctions to enhance drug availability and organ deposition. This book is immensely useful for basic, translational, clinical, and interdisciplinary cancer researchers, practicing oncologists, and immunologists.

This book provides the latest information on fish lectins from the perspective of inflammation and presents new ideas on the complicated mechanisms of lectin biochemistry and associated interactions. Key features include discussion of mechanisms recently identified to be involving lectin family types, presentation of the latest evidence regarding the molecular approaches in fish lectins, and thorough explanation of the concept of antimicrobial and immunological roles and current understanding of the significance of its disease resistance related studies. Gene expression studies is another important element of the book, and it is proposed that gene editing technology provides gaining attention in the biological role of fish lectin research. Examples of the many lastest molecular approaches, applications and future perspectives in fish lectin specific topics covered in this book include the information right from the basics to the advancements in this area. The book will be a valuable update and resource for both experienced and younger researchers working in the field of lectins and immunology.

Natural killer (NK) cells are immune cells that can eliminate pathogenic microorganisms, aging cells, and tumor cells. State-of-the-art renewal has indicated the feasibility of large-scale preparation of autogenous and allogeneic NK cells from a variety of sources including peripheral blood, umbilical cord blood, placental blood, NK cell lines, and even stem cells such as pluripotent stem cells and hematopoietic stem cells. In the meantime, a range of methodologies has been developed for ex vivo expansion and activation of NK cells such as monolayer culture, coculture with trophoblast cells, bioreactors, cytokine cocktails, and physicochemical irritation. NK cell-based cytotherapy has proven effective for a variety of hematologic malignancies and metastatic solid tumors. This book provides a comprehensive overview of NK cell-based cytotherapy for cancer treatment, immunosurveillance, and immunotherapy.

Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors - New Insights and Recent Progress explores a vast array of subjects related to immune checkpoint inhibitors and presents novel insights in this emerging field. Chapters address such topics as mechanistic approaches of emerging immune checkpoint inhibitors, their role in clinical and pre-clinical trials, the manipulation of the system by immune-related adverse events that hinder the utility of these immune molecules, and the predictive and prognostic aspects of these molecules as biomarkers of response in immunotherapy. The book is useful for students, clinicians, and scientists to gain updated information on managing patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Macrophages were first discovered in 1882 when Elia Metchnikoff recognized them as important phagocytic cells that can engulf any foreign material, including fungal spores. This discovery has proved to be a milestone in establishing the field of innate immunity. Macrophages are still ruling the area after 140 years of their discovery. This book explores the diverse role of macrophages in vertebrate immunity, parasitic, bacterial, and viral infections, regeneration, inflammation, and neurological diseases.

This collection explores state-of-the-art methods and protocols for research on photodynamic therapy (PDT) and its use in a wide range of medical applications, from antiviral to anticancer. Beginning with an extensive section on in vitro and in vivo models, the volume continues with chapters on oxygen-independent photosensitizers, next-generation photosensitization strategies, contemporary insights into the immunomodulatory effects of PDT, antimicrobial effects of PDT, as well as a variety of general biochemical and molecular biological techniques. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include the kind of detailed implementation advice that ensures successful results in the lab. Thorough and authoritative, Photodynamic Therapy: Methods and Protocols serves as an ideal source of inspiration for both new and established PDT scientists and a guide for designing innovative research programs in this continuously advancing and multidisciplinary field.

Wie beeinflussen Lebensmittelkomponenten und -inhaltsstoffe die Immunantwort? Welche Rolle spielt das Mikrobiom des Darms bei der Entstehung von Erkrankungen? Kann die Funktion des Immunsystems durch eine bestimmte Ernährungsweise positiv stimuliert werden? Dieses farbige, gut zu lesende Lehrbuch diskutiert auf einem aktuellen Niveau die Einflüsse von Lebensmittelinhaltsstoffen auf die biochemisch-, zellulär-regulatorischen und genetischen Abläufe der gesamten Immunabwehr. Schwierige Sachverhalte werden durch Leitfragen und Definitionsboxen verständlich vermittelt. Exemplarisch dargestellte Krankheitsbilder zeigen Anwendungsmöglichkeiten für funktionale Lebensmittel auf. Exkurse geben technologische, rechtliche und ethische Einblicke in die Entwicklung von Supplementen, Nutraceuticals und Healthfood.Pointierte Zusammenfassungen, Wirkstoffauflistungen und ein Fachbegriffglossar zeichnen dieses Lehrbuch auch als Referenz- und Nachschlagewerk aus.Besonders hervorzuheben sind zudem über 30 kurze Lehrvideos, in denen zelluläre und molekulare Interaktionen animiert erläutert werden. Dieses Lehrbuch spricht alle Studierenden und Berufstätigen an, die sich mit Ernährung und Gesundheit beschäftigen.

Die Ansicht ¿Es liegt alles in unseren Genen und wir können es nicht ändern¿ hat sich in den letzten 150 Jahren seit Gregor Mendels Experimenten mit blühenden Erbsenpflanzen entwickelt. Es gibt jedoch eine besondere Form der Genetik, die Epigenetik, bei der unsere Gene nicht verändert werden, sondern geregelt wird, wie und wann sie genutzt werden. Unsere Umwelt und Lebensstilentscheidungen beeinflussen die Epigenetik unserer Zellen und Organe, d. h. die Epigenetik verändert sich dynamisch während unseres gesamten Lebens. Wir haben also die Möglichkeit, unsere Epigenetik sowohl positiv als auch negativ zu verändern.In diesem Buch wird auf molekularer Ebene erklärt, wie unser Genom mit Umweltsignalen verbunden ist. Es zeigt auf, dass die epigenetische Programmierung ein Lernprozess ist, der zu einem epigenetischen Gedächtnis in jeder Zelle unseres Körpers führt. Die zentrale Bedeutung der Epigenetik während der Embryogenese und der zellulären Differenzierung sowie beim Alterungsprozess und dem Risiko für die Entstehung von Krebs werden erörtert. Darüber hinaus wird die Rolle des Epigenoms als molekularer Speicher für zelluläre Ereignisse nicht nur im Gehirn, sondern auch in Stoffwechselorganen und im Immunsystem beschrieben.Das Buch ist die Übersetzung des Lehrbuchs ¿Human Epigenetics: How Science Works¿ (ISBN 978-3-030-22907-8) der Autoren. In den ersten fünf Kapiteln werden die molekularen Grundlagen der Epigenetik erläutert, während die folgenden sieben Kapitel Beispiele für die Auswirkungen der Epigenetik auf die menschliche Gesundheit und Krankheit liefern.

Dieses Lehrbuch bietet Ihnen einen kompakten Überblick über alle Inhalte, die für das dermatologische Fachgebiet auf der Basis der neuesten Versionen des Nationalen Kompetenzbasierten Lernzielkatalogs Medizin (NKLM) und des IMPP-Gegenstandskatalogs (IMPP-GK2) prüfungsrelevant sind. Es leitet Sie leicht verständlich und prägnant formuliert durch das gesamte Basiswissen von den Grundlagen und therapeutischen Prinzipien bis hin zu den wichtigen dermatologischen Krankheitsbildern. Profitieren Sie von der langjährigen Erfahrung der Dozenten, die gemeinsam mit ihren Mitarbeiterinnen und Mitarbeitern sorgfältig das Wesentliche für Sie ausgewählt und aufbereitet haben. Der InhaltDas bewährte didaktische Konzept ermöglicht ein effizientes Lernen:¿ Klar strukturierte Kapitel ¿ Beschränken sich auf prüfungsrelevante Dermatosen und Konsultationsanlässe¿ Abbildungen ¿ Zeigen typische Hautbefunde in hervorragender Qualität¿ Kernaussagen ¿ Bringen das Wichtigste auf den Punkt¿ Übungsfragen¿ Dienen der Selbstüberprüfung am Ende jedes Kapitels¿ Fallvignetten ¿ Erläutern relevante Aspekte der wesentlichsten Dermatosen in Frage-Antwort-Form an konkreten Beispielen¿ Fallbasierte MC-Fragen ¿ Stellen einen anschaulichen Bezug zur Praxis herund werden ausführlich kommentiert Die HerausgeberProf. Dr. Matthias Goebeler ist Direktor der Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie des Universitätsklinikums Würzburg.Prof. Dr. Henning Hamm war langjährig Leitender Oberarzt an der Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie des Universitätsklinikums Würzburg.