Farmakologi

This book is a comprehensive guide to the Swedish movement cure, and how it can be used to treat both acute and chronic diseases. It provides detailed information on the theory behind the treatment, as well as practical advice on how to perform the various movements. The book is an essential resource for anyone interested in alternative forms of medicine.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it.This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.

This pocket-sized book provides physicians with quick and easy access to information on doses and uses of various drugs and medicinal preparations. It serves as a practical reference guide for medical students and practicing physicians alike.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it.This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.

The field of orthopedic trauma has always been a discipline cahacterized by rapid innovation and creative evolution. We see evolution in every facet of orthopedic surgery, ranging from the transformation of the understanding of implant design and biomechanics to the understanding and monitoring of fracture healing and the management of complications. This Reprint includes many articles discussing topics, such as distal radius fractures, hip fractures, osteoarthritis, ankle fractures, acetabular fractures, and anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

The book provides a thorough understanding of iPSC technology, its advantages, and its potential for modeling ALS, which is a complex and devastating neurodegenerative disorder affecting the motor neurons. The author explains the use of iPSCs as a tool to generate disease-specific models for ALS and how these models can aid in the identification of novel biomarkers, drug targets, and potential therapies for ALS. Furthermore, the book highlights the role of early developmental stages in ALS pathogenesis and the potential of iPSCs in studying this association. The author provides a detailed overview of the current knowledge of ALS development and the latest advancements in iPSC technology that have led to the generation of patient-specific motor neurons and astrocytes. The book is an excellent resource for researchers, clinicians, and students who are interested in understanding the molecular mechanisms of ALS and the potential of iPSCs in developing effective therapies for this debilitating disease. With its clear and concise language and comprehensive coverage of the topic, "Using iPSCs to study ALS development" is an essential read for anyone seeking to deepen their understanding of this complex disorder.

Research in ophthalmic drug delivery has developed significant advances in the last few years, and efforts have been made to develop more effective topical formulations to increase drug bioavailability, efficiency, and safety. Drug delivery to the posterior segment of the eye remains a great challenge in the pharmaceutical industry due to the complexity and particularity of the eye's anatomy and physiology. Some advances have been made with the purpose of maintaining constant drug levels in the site of action. The anatomical ocular barriers have a great impact on drug pharmacokinetics and, subsequently, on the pharmacological effect.Despite the increasing interest in efficiently reaching the posterior segment of the eye with reduced adverse effects, there is still a need to expand the knowledge of ocular pharmacokinetics that allow the development of safer and more innovative drug delivery systems. These novel approaches may greatly improve the lives of patients with ocular pathologies.

This collection brings together basic and clinical research papers that cover different topics in audiology but have one thing in common: the translational approach. The research in this collection demonstrates how exciting and interesting translational audiology can be. This collection aims to stimulate interest and encourage more studies of this type.

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a naturally occurring signaling molecule produced in vivo and plays a pivotal role in regulating a wide array of physiological processes. Additionally, emerging findings have illuminated that many of the biological effects initially attributed to H2S may actually stem from other reactive sulfur species (RSS), including hydropersulfides (RSSH) and various higher-order polysulfur species (RSSnH, RSSnR, and HSnH, where n > 1). These studies have underscored the contributions of these species to essential cellular processes, such as the efficient scavenging of reactive oxygen species and electrophiles, and their influence on mitochondrial function. Nonetheless, the chemistry of RSS remains challenging due to their inherently reactive nature, and their precise measurement within biological systems continues to pose a formidable challenge. This compilation of reprints focuses on recent advancements in the field of H2S/RSS chemical biology. It encompasses original research studies and comprehensive reviews, all geared towards exploring the therapeutic potential of H2S/RSS donors in the treatment of various conditions, including cancer, neurological disorders, and cardiovascular disease. Furthermore, it delves into the molecular mechanisms and physiological roles played by RSS along with the development of methodologies for quantifying and measuring the distribution of RSS within biological systems.

This monograph compiles updated information about forskolin, a labdane diterpene that is produced by the Coleus plant. Forskolin has a large number of practical uses and the book delves into the various aspects of this chemical. It includes topics such as the botanical source of forskolin and the cultivation of Coleus forskohlii, source. It also covers the biosynthetic pathways in natural sources and also through different biotechnological applications. Chapters include the potential and products in the Forskolin market. The book also covers the methods for enhanced production of forskolin from natural sources and through tissue culture methods for improvement of the plant for higher content of forskolin. It discusses the role of endophytes in the production of forskolin.The book is useful for students and researchers in the field of botany, pharmacology and biochemistry. It also serves scientists in various pharmaceutical industries.

This book gives an overview of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) and its clinical application. It also highlights recent advances in toxicological studies, as they relate to therapeutic drug monitoring.  This is one of the few books available on the market that covers TDM. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is a clinical decision-making tool that enables dosage regimen adjustments based on clinical and laboratory measurements. TDM not only involves the measuring of drug concentrations but also interpretation of the results. There is a strong correlation between drug concentrations in body fluids and outcome than between dose and outcome.  The chapters include coverage of analytical techniques, pharmacokinetics, therapeutic indices, artificial intelligence and recent advances in toxicological studies.The book fills a gap in published literature and provides reliable information on; Analytical techniques in TDM and clinical toxicology TDM and pharmacokinetic studies TDM of drugs with narrow therapeutic indices Artificial intelligence in TDM and clinical toxicology Future directions and challenges 

Today, interventional treatment and clinical management of cardiac arrhythmias represent a continuous challenge. This is mainly due to the widening of indications for implantable electronic devices and for catheter ablation procedures as well as the continuous improvement of technologies and medical therapies. Despite international guidelines and worldwide consensus updates, evidence gaps persist at all points in the real-world setting.This Special Issue aims to provide a comprehensive overview of advances in the indications, diagnosis, and treatment of cardiac rhythm disturbances, with particular interest in the use of innovative techniques and technologies in interventional therapies.

Studies on global human genomic variation have shown important population-based differences in allele frequencies of common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that influence the expression of genes related to nutrition and, secondarily, chronic disease. Some SNP sites have known functions or associations with diseases or other phenotype characteristics, including nutritional deficiencies and metabolism dietary components. There are many components of human diets that, when combined with the impact of diverse genetics on the metabolism of certain nutrients, have the capacity to give rise to harmful diet-gene interactions. This situation has the potential capacity to modify molecular phenotypes and clinical phenotypes, including human disease. Obesity, diabetes mellitus, chronobiology, osteoporosis, cancer, and many other diseases are fields of potential investigation in this topic area. This Special Issue will include manuscripts that focus on the complex relationship between gene polymorphisms and nutrition across all physiological and chronic diseases.

This book aims to address the infusion sequence of the main protocols used in the treatment of varied solid cancers. Since an inadequate infusion sequence can compromise the patient's treatment, this work will provide support to professionals working in the field of oncology in assessing each chemotherapy infusion sequence. The introductory chapters present the definition, indication, and the risks and benefits of polypharmacy in cancer therapy, and discuss the importance of drug combination in cancer treatment. Chapter 2 focuses on the challenges and also the toxicity of combination therapy in cancer, while chapter 3 highlights the parameters that must be evaluated before defining the infusion sequence, such as pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic profiles, drugs' stability when diluted or reconstituted, toxicological profile of each drug, among others. The remaining chapters are divided by type of cancer. The content is focused on solid tumors, dividing the chapters according to breast, gastrointestinal, genitourinary, gynecological, head and neck, lung, and neurological cancers. In each chapter the epidemiological profiles, pathophysiology, therapeutic modalities, and the main chemotherapy protocols are addressed, as well as efficacy studies and data on the infusion sequence of each mentioned protocol. This work will be a valuable resource to physicians, nurses, and pharmacists, and may help to improve health service practices.

Aortic aneurysm is a multifactorial progressive life-threatening disease. Recent surgical treatment and endovascular repair help to prevent aortic ruptures. However, there are no effective pharmacological treatments to limit aneurysm growth. This Special issue, entitled "Aortic Aneurysms: Vascular Remodeling and Repair", represents a collection of articles from innovative scientists that focuses on the recent advances in diagnostics, pathogenesis and therapies of aneurysms. This reprint includes a systematic review and nine original papers on clinical imaging, prognostic methods, genome-wide screening, novel cell signaling pathways and drug targets. We hope that readers will gain a deeper understanding of this topic and enjoy reading this reprint.

Gastroenterology and hepatology are fields of research that have improved considerably in recent years in terms of clinical approach, diagnosis, and therapy. However, there is still much to be clarified and explored, and many questions remain unanswered. Therefore, basic research, including translational and clinical discoveries, supported by technological innovations such as artificial intelligence, will enable further steps toward better, more refined treatments for many digestive diseases. The challenge of modern medicine will therefore be to connect these two fields to ensure optimal patient management. Further innovations will help clinicians to improve clinical practice, establish new guidelines, and provide personalized treatment based on patient characteristics. The aim of this Special Issue is to highlight recent advances and future challenges in gastroenterology and hepatology.

Biological sex and gender have a tremendous impact on the efficacy and safety of pharmacological interventions in virtually every disease state. This book presents a comprehensive and up-to-date overview on how sex-specific information is guiding the diagnosis and treatment of diseases affecting men and women, as well as of disease states that disproportionally affects women. Experts in various fields discuss both preclinical and clinical research that is contributing to a better understanding of the impact of sex in the presentation, etiology, treatment, and disease outcomes. Also discussed are the challenges encountered in implementing this growing body of knowledge into practice, as well as possible avenues to recognize and reduce health disparities between men and women so that therapeutic interventions are tailored and improved.

Research in ophthalmic drug delivery has developed significant advances in the few last years, and efforts have been made to develop more effective topical formulations to increase drug bioavailability, efficiency, and safety. Drug delivery to the posterior segment of the eye remains a great challenge in the pharmaceutical industry due to the complexity and particularity of the eye's anatomy and physiology. Some advances have been made with the purpose of maintaining constant drug levels in the site of action. The anatomical ocular barriers have a great impact on drug pharmacokinetics and, subsequently, on the pharmacological effect.Despite the increasing interest in efficiently reaching the posterior segment of the eye with reduced adverse effects, there is still a need to expand the knowledge of ocular pharmacokinetics that allow the development of safer and more innovative drug delivery systems. These novel approaches may greatly improve the lives of patients with ocular pathologies.

This fully updated volume collects laboratory techniques and tests to assess the risks to embryo-fetal development from drug exposure during early developmental stages. Beginning with a section detailing basic principles of teratogenicity, the book continues with application of in vitro models for teratogenic screening to predict toxicity in embryonic animals and humans, as well as a variety of well-established in vivo animal model tests, which offer solutions for evaluating the efficacy and the teratogenicity of compounds in preclinical trials before human safety testing. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step and readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Teratogenicity Testing: Methods and Protocols, Second Edition serves as an ideal guide to tests that can be performed in cells, organs, tissues, and animal models for evaluating toxicity and/or safety of compounds in early developmental stages with the goal of estimating, preventing, or minimizing the teratogenic potential of drugs.

Opioids are responsible for the vast majority of preventable deaths related to drug use, and opioid crisis is a serious international health problem. Opioids are also the mainstay in pain treatment and are invaluable tools in palliative care. The purpose of this book is to present an overview of the complex field of opioid pharmacology through evidence-based chapters in clear language backed up with sound scientific evidence, providing researchers and  health professionals with a firm understanding of their effects and mechanisms of action. The authors present an overview of the history of opioids from ancient civilizations to the current opioid crisis, covering state-of-the-art advances on opioid-induced signal transduction, opioids in pain management, and the neuroinflammatory effects of opioids.  Also discussed are opioid use disorders and their treatment. The authors also review the growing body of evidence of opioid effects on innate and adaptive immune responses, discussing the molecules involved in the crosstalk between opioids and innate immunity receptors to provide an updated view of those compounds as important regulators of inflammation and host defense against pathogens and damage. The overall purpose is to provide the reader with a deeper knowledge of this field despite the complexities associated with the existence of numerous ligands, receptor subtypes, and complex pharmacological profiles. To this end, the chapter authors are specialists in the field who also have extensive experience in teaching, hoping to lend their expertise in translating complex concepts into comprehensive and clear explanations. 

Self Mastery Through Conscious Autosuggestion, a classical book, has been considered essential throughout the human history, and so that this work is never forgotten we at Alpha Editions have made efforts in its preservation by republishing this book in a modern format for present and future generations. This whole book has been reformatted, retyped and designed. These books are not made of scanned copies of their original work and hence the text is clear and readable.

The Plus Food for Minus Meals, a classical book, has been considered essential throughout the human history, and so that this work is never forgotten we at Alpha Editions have made efforts in its preservation by republishing this book in a modern format for present and future generations. This whole book has been reformatted, retyped and designed. These books are not made of scanned copies of their original work and hence the text is clear and readable.

This collection provides detailed information on current advances in analytical methods and strategies employed for monitoring and discovering a wide range of novel psychoactive substances (NPS) in clinical and forensic laboratories. The main classes of NPS in terms of prevalence include synthetic cannabinoids, synthetic cathinones, synthetic opioids, and designer or synthetic benzodiazepines, and this book explores selecting the appropriate sample matrix and analytical testing approaches for laboratories faced with NPS drug testing, such as in blood, urine, saliva, and hair. Written for the Methods in Pharmacology and Toxicology series, chapters in this volume feature the kind of detailed implementation advice from the experts that leads to successful results in the lab. Authoritative and practical, Methods for Novel Psychoactive Substance Analysis serves as an ideal guide for forensic and clinical toxicologists, pharmacologists and chemists in academic and research settings, as well as for private laboratories seeking to increase our ability to test for these substances.@font-face {font-family:"e;Cambria Math"e;; panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:roman; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-536869121 1107305727 33554432 0 415 0;}@font-face {font-family:Calibri; panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:swiss; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-469750017 -1073732485 9 0 511 0;}p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:"e;"e;; margin:0cm; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"e;Times New Roman"e;,serif; mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"e;Times New Roman"e;; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language:EN-US; mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}.MsoChpDefault {mso-style-type:export-only; mso-default-props:yes; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"e;Times New Roman"e;; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language:EN-US; mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}div.WordSection1 {page:WordSection1;}

Healthcare 4.0: Pharmaceutical Advancement in the Digital Age is a well-structured and easy to understand book that discusses digital health technologies in context of their pharmaceutical applications and the future they hold for this sector. The contents of the book are structured in four parts, covering digital health, software technologies, hardware technologies and the outlook and impact of these innovations to pharmaceutical care. Topics covered include artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning, blockchain, computational modelling, Telemedicine and Telepharmacy, and virtual/augmented/mixed reality and associated hardware (such as sensors, robotics, smartphones and 3D printing). This book is the perfect resources for academics and corporate researchers in pharmacy, pharmacists, physicians and pharmacy technicians to better understand and position themselves to benefit from the technological developments impacting pharma.

This book explains how peptide-based drug design works, what steps are needed to develop a peptide-based therapeutic, and challenges in synthesis as well as regulatory issues.  It covers the design concept of peptide therapeutics from fundamental principles using structural biology and computational approaches. The chapters are arranged in a linear fashion. A fresh graduate or a scientist who works on small molecules can use this to follow the design and development of peptide therapeutics to use as understanding the basic concepts. Each chapter is written by experts from academia as well as industry. Rather than covering extensive literature, the book provides concepts of design, synthesis, delivery, as well as regulatory affairs and manufacturing of peptides in a systematic way with examples in each case. The book can be used as a reference for a pharmaceutical or biomedical scientist or graduate student who wants to pursue their career in peptide therapeutics. Some chapters will be written as a combination of basic principles and protocol so that scientists can adopt these methods to their research work. The examples provided can be used to perform peptide formulation considerations for the designed peptides. The book has nine chapters, and each chapter can be read as an independent unit on a particular concept.

This volume covers the most up-to-date methods and techniques used to further the understanding of chromaffin cell biology and pharmacology. Chapters guide readers through the basic mechanisms that regulate the stimulus-secretion coupling, chromaffin, tumor-derived cell PC-12 , morphology, biochemistry, pharmacology, electrophysiology, and electrochemistry. Written in the successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols, and notes on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Chromaffin Cells: Methods and Protocols aims to be a useful practical guide to researches to help further their study in this field. 

Zoonoses represent up to 60% of infectious diseases and 75% of new diseases in humans. They can cause considerable economic losses each year, as recently illustrated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Several factors, such as intensive agricultural and livestock practices, human population growth, and international travel, are known to contribute to the emergence of zoonotic diseases. This Special Issue will cover the topic of One Health and its application in the prevention and control of emerging diseases. The One Health concept recognizes that the health of humans, animals, vectors, and their ecosystems are closely interconnected. To better understand and respond to zoonotic and emerging diseases, there is a need for coordinated, collaborative, multidisciplinary, and cross-sectoral approaches including human health, veterinary health, and environmental health.In this Special Issue, we invited colleagues to submit original research articles and scientific reviews to assemble a collection of papers highlighting advancements in our understanding of all aspects related to the surveillance and control of zoonotic disease, including (but not limited to) 1) the development of new diagnostic tools, 2) outbreak investigation and surveillance program for emerging pathogens (including One Health approaches), and 3) understanding of the mechanisms of pathogen emergence.

Inflammation refers to the defensive response of living tissue with a vascular system to inflammatory factors and local damage. When your body activates the immune system, it releases inflammatory cells. These cells attack infection from external pathogens, such as bacteria and viruses. Inflammation is a protective mechanism for the body. However, in relation to disease, certain factors can activate inflammatory responses, such as bad diet, sedentary lifestyles, environmental factors, etc. Ongoing inflammation or chronic inflammation can lead to tissue damage and the development of diseases. In this Special Issue papers are presented in relation to the links between inflammation and disease.

This Special Issue reprint focuses on innovations in glaucoma surgery. Glaucoma surgery continues to represent a real challenge both in terms of ensuring safety and efficacy, and particularly the balance between the two. Significant technological advances have led to innovative surgeries, which in turn have been rapidly introduced into clinical practice. Novel devices able to lower intraocular pressure are exhibiting promising results, but it remains unclear whether they can replace current 'standard' surgeries, such as trabeculectomy or glaucoma drainage devices. Moreover, even these standard procedures are being continuously modified in various ways in the search of enhanced safety-efficacy outcomes.

This reprint focuses on some of the changing treatment options for patients with colorectal pathologies. This includes changes in treatment concepts, the use of advanced technologies, as well as the clinical outcomes for different patients.