Anvendt fysik

En moderne klassiker, som har slået alle udgivelsesrekorder med 237 uger på bestsellerlisten. ”Denne bog er en forening af et barns undren og et genis intellekt. Vi rejser med ind i Hawkings univers med dyb fascination.” Sunday Time ”En af de mest fremragende videnskabelige begavelser siden Einstein.” Daily Express ”Hawking forklarer kompleks kosmologisk fysik med en medrivende blanding af klarhed og humor … en hjerne af usædvanlig kraft.” Observer

Den 20. juli 1969 kl. 03.56 dansk tid satte Neil Armstrong som det første menneske sin fod på Månen. I denne bog med mere end 100 fotos fortæller Danmarks førerende astrofysiker, Anja C. Andersen hele den spændende historie om Jordens nærmeste nabo i rummet; kendsgerninger og konspirationsteorier, myter, fup og fakta. Frem til 1972 gennemførte NASA yderligere 5 bemandede månelandinger, og i alt 12 astronauter har betrådt Månen. Derudover har der været et utal af ubemandede månelandinger - senest den 3. januar 2019, da et kinesisk rumfartøj landede på Månens bagside. Men der er stadig meget, vi ikke ved: Hvordan er Månen opstået, og hvorfor har den kun vand på den side, der vender mod Jorden? Hvordan påvirker Månen os mennesker?

Der sker hele tiden noget nyt og spændende inden for rumforskningen. I 2022 lykkedes det forskerholdet Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration at optage et billede af det sorte hul i Mælkevejen. James Webb Teleskopet leverer billeder af galakser, der ligger 13 milliarder lysår borte. De opdagelser, som den danske forsker Albert Sneppen har gjort omkring neutronstjerners sammenstød, kan måske bruges til at beregne universets udvidelseshastighed. I ”Det gådefulde univers” giver Danmarks mest anerkendte astrofysiker et overblik over himmelrummet fra Solsystemet og ud til de fjerneste galakser og over universets udvikling fra Big Bang frem til i dag.Universet blev skabt for 13,7 milliarder år siden. Et lysår er ca. 9,5 billioner kilometer, og afstanden til de fjerne kvasarer er 12 milliarder lysår. Når man beskæftiger sig med universet, handler det om svimlende tidshorisonter og afstande; men Anja C. Andersen formår at gøre det uoverskuelige begribeligt. Stor gavebog med fantastisk billedmateriale.

Der er ikke otte, men milliarder af planeter i Universet, og mange af dem ligger i et lunt smørhul, hvor de potentielt kan huse liv. Den opdagelse er en af de største i den moderne astronomi, og vi er kun lige begyndt at forstå, hvad der egentlig gemmer sig derude i kosmos af bizarre kloder. 'Fjerne kloder' beskriver erkendelsesrejsen, fra Giordano Bruno blev brændt på bålet i år 1600 for sin kætterske idé om uendelig mange planeter – og til konstruktionen af små satellitter, som måske kan besøge de nærmeste af disse exoplaneter og lede efter livstegn på dem. Undervejs møder vi forskerne ved fronten, som kigger hinsides solsystemet og kæmper for at besvare det ultimative spørgsmål: Er vi alene?

Centralnervesystemets anatomi er en lærebog i neuroanatomi. Ud over en indføring i fagets grundlæggende elementer er bogen forsynet med tekstbokse, som relaterer neuroanatomien til sygdomme, deres behandling samt forskning i feltet. Bogen indeholder endvidere pensumdækkende afsnit om neuroembryologi, øjet og ørets anatomi samt det autonome nervesystem.Bogen er koncis, pædagogisk og rigt illustreret med tegninger, fotografier af makroskopiske præparater, mikrofotografier af histologiske snit fra hjerne og rygmarv og hjernescanninger. Hvert kapitel indledes med et resume og afsluttes med eksamensrelevante spørgsmål, hvor den studerende kan teste sin viden.Centralnervesystemets anatomi henvender sig primært til studerende ved landets fire uddannelser i medicin. Begge forfattere har stor erfaring i undervisning og eksamination i neuroanatomi for medicinstuderende. Bogen anbefales også til odontologiske kurser i neuroanatomi samt til studerende ved de mellemlange sundhedsuddannelser med interesse for de kliniske aspekter af neuroanatomien.Bogen er skrevet af lektor, ph.d. ved Institut for Neurovidenskab, København, Martin Fredensborg Rath, og professor emeritus, dr.med. ved Institut for Neurovidenskab, København, Morten Møller.

Do we have free will? Is the universe compatible with God? Do we live in a computer simulation? Does the universe think?Physicists are great at complicated research, but they are less good at telling us why it matters. In this entertaining and groundbreaking book, theoretical physicist Sabine Hossenfelder breaks down why we should care. Drawing on the latest research in quantum mechanics, black holes, string theory and particle physics, Existential Physics explains what modern physics can tell us about the big questions.Filled with counterintuitive insights and including interviews with other leading scientists, this clear and yet profound book will reshape your understanding of science and the limits of what we can know.

NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER • Stephen Hawking’s closest collaborator offers the intellectual superstar’s final thoughts on the cosmos—a dramatic revision of the theory he put forward in A Brief History of Time.“This superbly written book offers insight into an extraordinary individual, the creative process, and the scope and limits of our current understanding of the cosmos.”—Lord Martin ReesPerhaps the biggest question Stephen Hawking tried to answer in his extraordinary life was how the universe could have created conditions so perfectly hospitable to life. In order to solve this mystery, Hawking studied the big bang origin of the universe, but his early work ran into a crisis when the math predicted many big bangs producing a multiverse—countless different universes, most of which would be far too bizarre to ​harbor life. Holed up in the theoretical physics department at Cambridge, Stephen Hawking and his friend and collaborator Thomas Hertog worked on this problem for twenty years, developing a new theory of the cosmos that could account for the emergence of life. Peering into the extreme quantum physics of cosmic holograms and venturing far back in time to our deepest roots, they were startled to find a deeper level of evolution in which the physical laws themselves transform and simplify until particles, forces, and even time itself fades away. This discovery led them to a revolutionary idea: The laws of physics are not set in stone but are born and co-evolve as the universe they govern takes shape. As Hawking’s final days drew near, the two collaborators published their theory, which proposed a radical new Darwinian perspective on the origins of our universe. On the Origin of Time offers a striking new vision of the universe’s birth that will profoundly transform the way we think about our place in the order of the cosmos and may ultimately prove to be Hawking’s greatest legacy.

"A concise and accessible introduction to exoplanets that explains the cutting-edge science behind recent discoveries. For centuries, people have speculated about the possibility of planets orbiting distant stars, but only since the 1990s has technology allowed astronomers to detect them. At this point, more than five thousand such exoplanets have been identified, with the pace of discovery accelerating after the launch of NASA's Transiting Exoplanet Satellite Survey and the Webb Space Telescope. In The Little Book of Exoplanets, Princeton astrophysicist Joshua Winn offers a brief and engaging introduction to the search for exoplanets and the cutting-edge science behind recent findings. In doing so, he chronicles the dawn of a new age of discovery-one that has rapidly transformed astronomy and our broader understanding of the universe. Scientists now know that many Sun-like stars host their own systems of planets, some of which may resemble our solar system and include planets similar to the Earth. But, Winn tells us, the most remarkable discoveries so far have been of planets with unexpected and decidedly un-Earth-like properties, which have upended what we thought we knew about the origins of planetary systems. Winn provides an inside view of the sophisticated detective work astronomers perform as they find and study exoplanets and describes the surprising-sometimes downright bizarre-planets and systems they have found. He explains how these discoveries are revolutionizing astronomy, and he explores the current status and possible future of the search for another Earth. Finally, drawing on his own and other scientists' work, he considers how the discovery of exoplanets and their faraway solar systems changes our perspectives on the universe and our place in it"--

'If you want to remember why you once fell in love with the idea of the cosmos, or want to fall in love with it for the first time, then this book is for you' ObserverFrom Carlo Rovelli, the bestselling author of Seven Brief Lessons on Physics, this is a story of wonder, new worlds and why the end is just the beginningLet us journey into the heart of a black hole. Let us slip beyond its boundary, the horizon, and tumble - on and on - down this crack in the universe. As we plunge, we'll see geometry fold, we'll feel the equations draw tight around us. Eventually, we'll pass it: the remains of a star, deep and dense and falling further far. And then - the bottom. Where time and space end, and the white hole is born . . .With lightness and magic, here Carlo Rovelli traces the ongoing adventure of his own cutting-edge research, of the uncertainty and joy of going where we've not yet been. Guiding us to the edge of theory and experiment, he invites us to go beyond, to experience the fever and the disquiet of science. Here is the extraordinary life of a white hole.A BOOK OF THE YEAR ACCORDING TO THE FINANCIAL TIMES * SUNDAY TELEGRAPH * NEW STATESMAN * NEW SCIENTIST

"The discovery that the universe has been expanding from its fiery beginning fourteen billion years ago and has developed into stars, galaxies, life, and human consciousness is one of the most significant of human history. It is taught throughout the world and has become our common creation story for every culture with modern educational processes. It holds the promise of a new human unity. In terms of this story of the universe's development, we humans are not primarily French or Chinese, Democrat or Republican. We are primarily cosmological beings. Though An Unveiling of the Expanding Universe narrates the same cosmological events as thousands of other books, it has one unique feature. It tells the story of the universe while simultaneously telling the story of the storyteller. If indeed cosmogenesis is one of the greatest discoveries of human history, it will necessarily have an immense impact on humanity, at least as profound as the Copernican revolution. And yet, to my knowledge, none of the science books published in English explores the effects cosmogenesis has on human consciousness. An Unveiling of the Expanding Universe tells the story of how my mind was deconstructed by the impact of this new story and then reassembled. In shorthand: I began with the mind of a cartesian scientist and ended with a mind aligned with the creativity of the universe"--

From the 2021 Nobel Prize winner in Physics, a remarkable journey into the practice of groundbreaking science 'Giorgio Parisi is renowned for his scientific creativity, originality, and power. In this exhilarating little book, he shows his human side, too. By its end, readers will feel they've made a charming, witty new friend' Frank WilczekThe world is shaped by complexity. In this enlightening book, Nobel Prize winner Giorgio Parisi guides us through his unorthodox yet exhilarating work to show us how. It all starts with investigating the principles of physics by observing the sophisticated flight patterns of starlings. Studying the movements of these birds, he has realized, proves an illuminating way into understanding complex systems of all kinds - collections of everything from atoms to planets to other animals like ourselves. Along the way, Parisi reflects on the lessons he's taken from a life in pursuit of scientific truth: the importance of serendipity to the discovery of new ideas, the surprising kinship between physics and other fields of study and the value of science to a thriving society. In so doing, he removes the practice of science from the confines of the laboratory and into the real world. Complexity is all around us - from climate to finance to biology, it offers a unique way of finding order in chaos. Part elegant scientific treatise, part thrilling intellectual journey, In a Flight of Starlings is an invitation to find wonder in the world around us.

"Stephen Hawking's closest collaborator offers the intellectual superstar's final thoughts on the cosmos-a dramatic revision of the theory that made him the heir to Einstein's legacy. Perhaps the biggest question Stephen Hawking tried to answer in his extraordinary life was how the universe could have created conditions so perfectly hospitable to life. Pondering this mystery led Hawking to study the big bang origin of the universe, but his early work ran into a crisis when the math predicted many big bangs producing a multiverse-countless different universes, most far too bizarre to harbor life. Holed up in the theoretical physics department at Cambridge, Stephen Hawking and his friend and collaborator Thomas Hertog worked shoulder to shoulder for twenty years on a new quantum theory of the cosmos. As their journey took them deeper into the big bang, they were startled to find a deeper level of evolution in which the physical laws themselves transform and simplify until particles, forces, and even time itself fades away. Once upon a time, perhaps, there was no time. This led them to a revolutionary idea: the laws of physics are not set in stone but are born and co-evolve as the universe they govern takes shape. On the Origin of Time takes the reader on a quest to understand questions bigger than our universe, peering into the extreme quantum physics of black holes and the big bang and drawing on the latest developments in string theory. As Hawking's final days drew near, the two collaborators developed a final theory proposing their radical new Darwinian perspective on the origins of our universe. Hertog offers a striking new vision that ties together more deeply than ever the nature of the universe's birth with our existence. This new theory profoundly transforms the way we think about our place in the order of the cosmos and may ultimately prove Hawking's biggest legacy"--

Stephen Hawking var et enestående menneske. På én gang en ikonisk skikkelse i vores populærkultur, skelsættende forfatter og formidler af videnskabeligt stof til den almene læser, en dreven spøgefugl – og sidst, men ikke mindst en helt afgørende forsker, der bidrog med grundlæggende indsigter til vores forståelse af, hvordan den verden og det univers, som har skabt os, er dannet og fungerer.Fysikeren og forfatteren Leonard Mlodinow mødte første gang Stephen Hawking, da de skrev deres første bog sammen. Leonard og Stephen blev venner – og Mlodinow har været personligt og professionelt tæt på både Hawking, menneskene omkring ham og hans videnskabelige resultater. I ‘Stephen Hawking’ beskriver Leonard Mlodinow i seks kapitler, hvorfor Stephen Hawking var så stor og vigtig en videnskabsmand – og forklarer det, så vi alle kan være med. Det bliver en rejse, hvor vi bevæger os med Hawking ind i det mærkværdige og de vilde sorte huller, ser ham bevise, at tiden måske slet ikke findes og følger ham i hans arbejde med teorien om, at der findes mange verdener og parallelle universer. Og hvor vi samtidig møder ham som menneske. Medrivende, bevægende og storslået. Et indblik i et rigt sind og en stor ånds univers.

Her er bogen, som giver læseren en omfattende og letlæselig hjælp og vejledning til heling med energilægemidler.Bogen hjælper dig med at identificere din lidelse og vælge den terapi, der bedst fremmer helbredelse. En guide i homøopati, zoneterapi og massage - så du kan udforske de mange terapier, der bruger "energi" til at helbrede almindelige lidelser.Bogen beskriver over 50 forskellige energibehandlinger som akupunktur, yoga, kraniosakralterapi, massage m.m.Først for nylig er denne gamle forståelse af kropsenergi blevet videnskabeligt accepteret som et supplement og en videre udvikling i forhold til moderne medicin. Eller med andre ord… - som en selvhelbredende kraft snarere end på det materielle niveau. I kraft af, at sygdomme er mere almindeligt diagnosticeret som ubalance af legemsenergi, er energimedicin blevet det mest efterspurgte alternativ til den traditionelle vestlige medicin. I den komplette bog af energimedicin giver Dr. Helen Dziemidko os et omfattende kig på energilægemidler. Hun kombinerer det lægefaglige og videnskabelige synspunkt med en udtømmende viden om energihelbredende metoder - fra akupunktur og yoga til Bach Flower terapi og homøopati.Med klare, tilgængelige forklaringer leder hun læseren gennem mere end 50 komplementære terapier som adresserer de 20 mest almindelige kroniske lidelser.Bogen er en international bestseller - nu udgivet på dansk. Den giver en nem guide til at hjælpe læserne med at identificere deres lidelser og de mulige årsager, og derefter vise, hvilke energimediciner der giver den bedste vej mod helbredelse.

Fluorescence is the most popular technique in chemical and biological sensing and this book provides systematic knowledge of basic principles in the design of fluorescence sensing and imaging techniques together with critical analysis of recent developments. Its ultimate sensitivity, high temporal and spatial resolution and versatility enables high resolution imaging within living cells. It develops rapidly in the directions of constructing new molecular recognition units, new fluorescence reporters and in improving sensitivity of response, up to the detection of single molecules. Its application areas range from the control of industrial processes to environmental monitoring and clinical diagnostics. Being a guide for students and young researchers, it also addresses professionals involved in basic and applied research. Making a strong link between education, research and product development, this book discusses prospects for future progress.

In the huge spread of the universe, humankind's ravenous hunger for information moves its look past the stars. The persevering quest for understanding the secrets of the universe has driven researchers to look into the divine embroidered artwork, unwinding the privileged insights woven into the texture of existence. This determined interest has birthed a discipline that rises above the limits of our home planet - astronomy. Astronomy, the part of stargazing that utilizes the standards of physical science and science to grasp the idea of divine items and the actual universe, has turned into a reference point directing established researchers' investigation of the universe. As researchers dig into the complexities of stars, systems, and infinite peculiarities, they cast their look past the stars, pondering the beginnings and predeterminations of heavenly bodies that speck the enormous scene. The excursion into the enormous obscure starts with the investigation of stars, those radiant heavenly substances that enlighten the dimness of room. Astrophysicists fastidiously dissect the existence patterns of stars, from their development in giant nebulae to their emotional passings in tremendous cosmic explosion blasts. From the perspective of science, the apparently far off and out of reach becomes available, permitting mankind to get a handle on the essential cycles forming the universe. Universes, immense grandiose congregations of stars, gas, and residue, stand as demonstration of the gravitational dance that ties them together. The logical look stretches out to the investigation of cosmic designs, divulging the elements that administer their arrangement and development. Whether investigating the spiraling arms of a magnificent twisting universe or interpreting the baffling idea of circular worlds, researchers look to fathom the enormous expressive dance that shapes the immense vast areas. The universe, be that as it may, is definitely not a static scene; it is a dynamic and developing work of art. Dim matter, a subtle substance that invades the universe, and dim energy, a cryptic power driving the sped up development of the universe, entice researchers to unwind their secrets. These undetectable substances, however tricky, apply a significant effect on the vast stage, testing how we might interpret the central powers that oversee the universe's fate. Past the natural domains of our own Smooth Way, the quest for exoplanets unfurls - a mission to find universes past our planetary group that could hold onto the circumstances forever. Through complex instruments and space-based observatories, researchers examine far off planetary frameworks, looking for the indications of livability and possible extraterrestrial life. This vast pursuit entwines with the significant existential inquiries that have reverberated through mankind's set of experiences: Would we say we are separated from everyone else in the universe? The marriage of astronomy and mechanical development moves mankind's infinite odyssey further. Telescopes, both earthly and space-based, pierce through the divine shroud, catching the slightest flashes of light that have traversed the universe for ages. Mechanical tests and shuttle broaden our scope, wandering into the external compasses of the planetary group and then some, illustrating the enormous scenes that falsehood concealed in the grandiose tremendousness.

This book offers a timely snapshot of research, technologies and best practices in the broad area of bioengineering and clinical engineering. Contributions report on advances in biomechanics, biomaterials, and tissue engineering, biosensors and instrumentation, biomedical signal processing, and rehabilitation engineering. Further, it covers topics relating to quality engineering and management of health services, and of engineering education. The book gathers selected, peer-reviewed contributions to the XXIII Argentinian Congress of Bioengineering and the XII Clinical Engineering Conference, both known under the acronym ¿SABI 2022¿, held on September 13¿16, 2022, in San Juan, Argentina, and organized by the Sociedad Argentina de Bioingeniería.

Albert Einstein, dans son article de la relativité en 1905, abandonne l'éther. Cela, plus ce qu'il dit de ses postulats, peut expliquer que cet article, et pas le autres, ai été autant critiqué.A Leyde en 1920, il reconnait l'éther de Lorentz pour la relativité générale, mais il lui retire son immobilité, sans pouvoir préciser pour autant, son mouvement. Ce n'est pas très clair.Nous avons trouvé une hypothèse très simple en mesure d'expliquer ce mouvement. C'est son article "L'éther et la théorie de la relativité" de 1921 qui nous a mis sur la voie. Il suffit d'appliquer la relativité générale à l'éther.Pourquoi « quantique » ? Les corpuscules de cet éther auraient une masse-énergie correspondante au quantum de Planck, comme ceux de la gravitation quantique à boucles.Des expériences sont proposées, ce serait dommage que des physiciens n'étudient pas cette possibilité.

This book provides a unique approach to understand the Nuclear Physics, especially from the experimental end. The highlight of this book is that special care has been taken to provide more experimental information, considering real experimental data which has been published in several journals. Special experimental focus is given to methodologies involving: offline gamma counting and online particle detection. The book provides information about recent developments in accelerators, overview of the detectors and concise information of associated electronics, data acquisition systems and computers for data analysis.

Das vorliegende Lehrbuch bietet eine Einführung in die Physik der Atmosphäre, wie sie im Rahmen der Umweltphysik gelehrt wird. Zuerst wird dem Leser die Funktionsweise des Systems Atmosphäre verständlich gemacht. Dazu werden Themen wie Strahlungs- und Energiehaushalt, atmosphärische Dynamik, Zirkulationen, Niederschlagsbildung und der Wasserkreislauf behandelt.Zudem werden die umweltrelevanten Aspekte der Meteorologie und der Atmosphärenphysik herausgearbeitet. Hierzu dienen unter anderem eine ausführliche Darstellung von Diffusions- und Transportprozessen sowie zahlreiche Abschnitte über das Verhalten von Spurenstoffen, mit Schwerpunkt auf strahlungsrelevanten Spurengasen und Aerosolen. Eine Diskussion von Klima-Entwicklungen und deren Bewertung rundet den Inhalt ab und bietet damit einen umfassenden Überblick über das Thema. Änderungen gegenüber der 5. Auflage betreffen insbesondere die letzten 3 Kapitel. Einerseits wurde in den letzten 6 Jahren eine Vielzahl neuer Forschungsergebnisse verfügbar. Andererseits hat sich in diesem Zeitraum auch der Zustand unseres Planeten weiter dramatisch verändert. In der neuen Auflage werden hierzu die neuesten verfügbaren Messdaten und Studien berücksichtigt.Das Buch wendet sich ebenso an Studierende der Physik und der Geowissenschaften wie an Wissenschaftler(innen) und Lehrer(innen), die sich für ihre berufliche Arbeit eine Einführung in die atmosphärische Physik und in die Umweltmeteorologie wünschen. Ein umfangreiches Register ermöglicht das schnelle Auffinden eines Themas, die große Zahl von Quellen- und Literaturangaben erleichtert den Zugang zu weiteren Informationen.

The book systematically accounts for the scientific and technological problems of nanostructured silicon in the form of porous and black silicon. Nanostructured silicon is currently a pioneer research topic worldwide due to its enormous potential applications for modern electronic devices, such as sensitive photodetectors, solar cells, biochemical sensors, hydrogen generators, and display devices. The main structural modifications of this nanomaterial are porous and black silicon. Porous silicon addresses crystalline silicon with nanopores and black silicon with nanoneedles. Historically, porous silicon is thought to be a kind of precursor to black silicon. The formation, research, and application of nanostructured silicon remains the main cornerstone of nanotechnologies, and this book is useful for a wide range of researchers in the fields of semiconductor physics, micro-, and nanoelectronics. The author outlines the prospect of black silicon fabrication and its various applications. As for porous silicon, the book contains a detailed analysis of this material as a precursor of black silicon. This allows it to be possible to carry out correlations between two structural modifications of nanostructured silicon to clearly and reasonably show their advantages and disadvantages. With many references to a vast resource of recently published literature, this book serves as an important and insightful source of valuable information and provides scientists and engineers with new ideas to better understand the formation processes of nanostructured silicon as well as improve and expand their properties.

The book collects a series of articles to review the advances that have been made in the field of gravitational collapse in general relativity and alternative theories of gravity in the past few years. Many approaches to black hole and singularity formation in general relativity and beyond have been proposed over the last few decades. The importance of collapse models is that they provide natural thought experiments where to test the behavior and properties of a variety of approaches to general relativity and its implications for ultra-compact objects in the universe.