Fysisk kemi

This book describes improvements to the electronics topology of current modular reconfigurable storages by integrating parallel connectivity, reducing the semiconductor count by eliminating irrelevant states, and improving the monitoring techniques through higher function integration. The author also discusses each topology's main advantages and disadvantages at the micro and macro levels. Moreover, the presented modeling of modular reconfigurable storage systems with different storages helps in better understanding the dynamics of the system.The book establishes novel optimum or near-optimum methods for exploiting the DOF (degrees of freedom) to achieve higher efficiency, more function integration, better balancing, or output quality. Additionally, through a detailed analysis of different modulation techniques, this book presents novel modulation methods, enhances the state-of-the-art, or in some cases, simplifies the complexity of implementation.The concept of interconnected multi-port systems through integrating novel modulation techniques and the acquired understanding of the behavior of modular dynamically reconfigurable storages is explained. The presented concepts can significantly reduce the number of energy conversion stages as well as the final footprint of the system, reduce the number of required controlled semiconductors, and save costs. It also presents novel monitoring techniques based on estimators that can significantly reduce the number of required sensors and the required data-communication bandwidth.

Radiation is described as the particles or energies emitted through radioactive matter. The most common types of radiations are gamma rays, alpha particles, X-rays and beta particles. Radiation detectors refer to those devices that detect and transmit information about incoming radiation. They are useful in biology, medicine, physics and geology. Generally, radiation detectors are not capable of capturing radiated particles and they do not even observe the radiation itself. The detectors search for the trails which radiation has left behind. The objective behind the design of detectors is the creation of an environment where radiation signature can be easily written. This book brings forth some of the most innovative concepts and elucidates the unexplored aspects of detectors for particle radiation. It will serve as a valuable source of reference for graduate and postgraduate students.