Neurovidenskab

This volume contains up-to-date contributions written by leading experts in the role played by various microorganisms in psychiatric and neurological illness. The initial chapters present an evolutionary framework for the impact of microorganisms on behavior. This is followed by historical and epidemiological perspectives of the role of viruses in psychiatric illness. Subsequent chapters focus on different classes of microorganisms and psychiatric illnesses and emphasize diverse research approaches ranging from preclinical models to therapeutic interventions.

Is Justice Real When "Reality? is Not?: Constructing Ethical Digital Environments examines how frameworks and concepts of justice should evolve in virtual worlds. Directed at researchers working in, or with an interest in virtual reality, as well as those interested in the fields of artificial intelligence and justice, this book covers research regarding impacts on human psychological states existing within alternative ethical frameworks. With chapters dedicated to behavioral impacts of virtual events, robotics and "unconscious", and human psychological states of role playing and existing, readers will be well-equipped to navigate the virtual worlds in which millions of people currently spend time.

In light of the potential novel applications of neurotechnologies in psychiatry and the current debate on moral bioenhancement, this book outlines the reasons why more conceptual work is needed to inform the scientific and medical community, and society at large, about the implications of moral bioenhancement before a possible, highly hypothetical at this point, broad acceptance, and potential implementation in areas such as psychiatry (e.g., treatment of psychopathy), or as a measure to prevent crime in society. The author does not negate the possibility of altering or manipulating moral behavior through technological means. Rather he argues that the scope of interventions is limited because the various options available to ¿enhance morality¿ improve, or simply manipulate, some elements of moral behavior and not the moral agent per se in the various elements constitutive of moral agency. The concept of Identity Integrity is suggested as a potential framework for a responsible use of neurotechnologies in psychiatry to avoid human beings becoming orderers and orderables of technological manipulations.

This book provides a comprehensive summary of the latest knowledge regarding functional foods and new therapeutic strategies for neurodegenerative disorders through explaining specific mechanisms for natural remedies and functional foods as well as alternative treatment and supplementary approaches for neurodegenerative diseases. Many relevant topics are covered, including role of prebiotics, recent applications for dietary polyphenols, marine bioactive compounds for neuro disorders, and age-related disorders. The roles of various remedies and functional foods are explained for various types of diseases, and the book also integrates the role of functional foods and remedies to work with the current therapeutics that are taking place. In parallel, the information presented through this book will also stimulate current status of leading contemporary methods for prohylactic and diagnostic practices, comprising nanoparticles, biomarkers, in silico techniques, and CRISPR-mediated genome editing-based therapy. The book will be essential reading for students and researchers with an interest in natural medicine, drug development, and food therapeutic strategies. In presenting new results and approaches and identifying areas for future research, it will also be of benefit for specialists in the field.

A comprehensive review from bestselling author and renowned authority Dr. Richard Restak!

The perpetuation of poverty across generations damages lives. Drawing on a wide variety of sources and academic disciplines, along with lived experiences, this book examines why poverty is continued across generations and what needs to be done to eradicate it. --

The Palgrave Handbook of Sexual Ethics is a comprehensive collection of recent research on the ethics of sexual behavior, representing a wide range of perspectives. It addresses a number of traditional subjects in the area, including questions about pre-marital, extra-marital, non-heterosexual, and non-procreative sex, and about the nature and significance of sexual consent, sexual desire, and sexual activity, as well as a variety of more recent topics, including sexual racism, sexual ableism, sex robots, and the #metoo response to sexual harassment. Each chapter defends a substantive thesis about the topic it addresses and the handbook as a whole thereby provides a strong foundation for future research in this important and growing field of inquiry.

The aim of the book is to sensitize physicians and researchers to the important long-term health effects of early, persistent, and severe trauma. The author, an internist, rheumatologist, and basic researcher in psychoneuroimmunology, shows connections between adverse childhood experiences and typical adult sequelae. After early traumatic experiences and childhood stress, there is a higher incidence of mental illness, chronic pain, sleep disorders, dental problems, obesity, cardiovascular disease, asthma, diabetes mellitus and chronic inflammation. A selection of diseases unmistakably demonstrate the long-term consequences of early childhood trauma. These childhood experiences create a kind of long-term programming that has a negative effect in adulthood. From his psychoneuroimmunological perspective, Rainer Straub identifies four factors that link the brain to the immune system and are involved in chronic immune activation: direct connectors originating from the brain, indirect connectors functioning through hormonal and neuronal pathways, extracorporeal (the environmental factors) and pleiotropic connectors (genetic factors).The translation was done with the help of artificial intelligence. A subsequent human revision was done primarily in terms of content.

This volume reviews the broad topic of welfare in nonhuman primates under human care. Chapters detail the history of primates in captivity, ethical and legal issues surrounding the use of nonhuman primates as entertainment or in research, the different approaches that welfare are measured, and how housing, enrichment, and other conditions can foster or degrade welfare.Since humans began keeping nonhuman primates we have made vast strides in understanding their cognitive abilities, strong social bonds, vibrant personalities, and their capacity for joy and suffering. With an increasing number of countries banning the use of great apes in biomedical research, the welfare of primates in zoos and research facilities has gained increasing attention. This interdisciplinary work features contributors from many of the fields involved and those on both sides of the issue, thus providing an exhaustive overview of primate welfare.Readers from animal welfare science, primatology, animal testing, veterinary medicine, conservation to ethics and legislation will find this an important account.

Hvorfor er vi, som vi er, og gør som vi gør, når vi ofte ikke selv ønsker det? Hvad er det for mekanismer, der ofte ubevidst overstyrer os, og hvad kan vi gøre ved dem, hvis vi vil? Disse og andre nøglespørgsmål er relevante for alle, men i særlig grad for personer, som har et lederansvar og er ansvarlige for andres liv og velfærd på en arbejdsplads. Begrebet ledelse er oppe i tiden, men nu med buzzwords som ’purpose’ og ’bæredygtighed’ som almindelige præfikser. Begreber som ’nærhed’, ’tydelighed’ og ’empowerment’ hører også med her. ’Lederskab i øjenhøjde og den menneskelige faktor’ sætter fokus på netop disse andre tilhørende spørgsmål ud fra en model og et samlet koncept for lederskabet. Læseren inviteres med på en rejse i tid og rum, hvor forfatterens personlige erfaringer fra over 40 år i lederskabets tjeneste inden for offentlige og private virksomheder i ind- og udland lægges frem med både erkendte fejl og succeser, som samtidig belyses ud fra relevant teori. Bogen lægger særlig vægt på at skabe en dybere forståelse for beslutningsprocesserne i NU’et på baggrund af erfaringer fra luftfartens systematiske arbejde med sikkerhed. Erfaringer som, det postuleres, også med fordel kan hentes ned på ’jorden’.

This book highlights an innovative approach for extracting terminological cores from subject domain-bounded collections of professional texts. The approach is based on exploiting the phenomenon of terminological saturation. The book presents the formal framework for the method of detecting and measuring terminological saturation as a successive approximation process. It further offers the suite of the algorithms that implement the method in the software and comprehensively evaluates all the aspects of the method and possible input configurations in the experiments on synthetic and real collections of texts in several subject domains. The book demonstrates the use of the developed method and software pipeline in industrial and academic use cases. It also outlines the potential benefits of the method for the adoption in industry.

This volume explores the latest techniques used to study brain function and pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD), and includes suggestions of new therapeutic approaches for the treatment of MDD. The chapters into this book are organized into five parts. Part One discusses advanced approaches to studying well-established pathophysiological mechanisms. Part Two details behavioral research methods for MDD. Part Three looks at the cellular and molecular research methods for major depression, and Part Four describes the latest developments in non-invasive neuroimaging. Part Five focuses on the pharmacological and non-pharmacological interactions, including antidepressant agents and their properties, such as sexual side effects and neuroimaging biomarkers. In the Neuromethods series style, chapters include the kind of detail and key advice from the specialists needed to get successful results in your laboratory.Cutting-edge and comprehensive, Translational Research Methods for Major Depressive Disorders is a valuable resource for researchers and scientists interested in learning more about this important and developing field.

An exhilarating, genre-bending exploration of curiosity's powerful capacity to connect ideas and people.Curious about something? Google it. Look at it. Ask a question. But is curiosity simply information seeking? According to this exhilarating, genre-bending book, what's left out of the conventional understanding of curiosity are the wandering tracks, the weaving concepts, the knitting of ideas, and the thatching of knowledge systems-the networks, the relations between ideas and between people. Curiosity, say Perry Zurn and Dani Bassett, is a practice of connection: it connects ideas into networks of knowledge, and it connects knowers themselves, both to the knowledge they seek and to each other. Zurn and Bassett-identical twins who write that their book "e;represents the thought of one mind and two bodies"e;-harness their respective expertise in the humanities and the sciences to get irrepressibly curious about curiosity. Traipsing across literatures of antiquity and medieval science, Victorian poetry and nature essays, as well as work by writers from a variety of marginalized communities, they trace a multitudinous curiosity. They identify three styles of curiosity-the busybody, who collects stories, creating loose knowledge networks; the hunter, who hunts down secrets or discoveries, creating tight networks; and the dancer, who takes leaps of creative imagination, creating loopy ones. Investigating what happens in a curious brain, they offer an accessible account of the network neuroscience of curiosity. And they sketch out a new kind of curiosity-centric and inclusive education that embraces everyone's curiosity. The book performs the very curiosity that it describes, inviting readers to participate-to be curious with the book and not simply about it.

"An evolutionary case for the existence of free will. Scientists are learning more and more about how brain activity controls behavior and how neural circuits weigh alternatives and initiate actions. As we probe ever deeper into the mechanics of decision making, many conclude that agency-or free will-is an illusion. In Free Agents, leading neuroscientist Kevin Mitchell presents a wealth of evidence to the contrary, arguing that we are not mere machines responding to physical forces but agents acting with purpose. Traversing billions of years of evolution, Mitchell tells the remarkable story of how living beings capable of choice emerged from lifeless matter. He explains how the emergence of nervous systems provided a means to learn about the world, granting sentient animals the capacity to model, predict, and simulate. Mitchell reveals how these faculties reached their peak in humans with our abilities to imagine and to introspect, to reason in the moment, and to shape our possible futures through the exercise of our individual agency. Mitchell's argument has important implications-for how we understand decision making, for how our individual agency can be enhanced or infringed, for how we think about collective agency in the face of global crises, and for how we consider the limitations and future of artificial intelligence.An astonishing journey of discovery, Free Agents offers a new framework for understanding how, across a billion years of Earth history, life evolved the power to choose and why this matters"--

Emotional AI and Human-AI Interactions in Social Networking makes readers aware of recent progress in this integrated discipline. Filling the existing vacuum in research in artificial intelligence with the application of social science, this book provides in-depth knowledge of human-AI interactions with social networking and increased use of the internet. Chapters integrating Emotional Artificial Intelligence, examining behavioral interventions, compassion, education, and healthcare, as well as social cognitive networking, including social brain networks, play a pivotal role in enhancing interdisciplinary studies in the field of social neuroscience and Emotional AI. This volume is a must for those wanting to dive into this exciting field of social neuroscience AI.

Structural Biology of Amyloid Fibrils is a comprehensive reference on the structure of protein aggregates in different neurodegenerative diseases and their molecular bases. Chapters describe these structures in detail, highlighting their similarities and differences across different disease states, alongside an unprecedented overview of current developments and new hypotheses emerging in amyloid fibril structure, stability and mechanisms of formation. This volume also discusses how amyloid structure may affect the ability of fibrils to spread to different sites in a prion-like manner, as well as their role in disease. Featuring chapters on NMR, X-ray crystallography, and Cryo-EM methods, and discussing the structure of amyloid fibrils obtained directly from patients, the book allows readers to understand how polymorphism is associated with disease phenotype and how fibril structure affects and influences the cellular environment. Understanding the molecular architecture of amyloid fibrils and oligomers will be an important step towards developing therapeutic interventions based on targeting the fibrils and oligomers themselves, or the processes that generate them.

Migraine Management, Volume 199 covers the effective treatment of migraines, including different subtypes of migraines in different patient populations. The classification and diagnostic criteria of common and uncommon subtypes of migraine is explored in detail, including childhood variants. An in-depth analysis of the pharmacology of acute and prophylactic agents is presented, along with an evidence-based review of pharmacologic management. This includes recently developed CGRP monoclonal antibodies and non-peptide small molecule CGRP antagonists. Advances in neuromodulatory treatments, both noninvasive and implantable are also critically reviewed. Finally, specific treatment-related issues in pregnancy and lactation and childhood as well as the elderly are covered. Issues related to the diagnosis and management of vestibular migraine and the co-morbid disorder of persistent postural-perceptual dizziness are also explored.

Migraine Biology, Diagnosis, and Co-Morbidities, Volume 198 covers a wide range of issues related to migraine. The epidemiology, global, and personal impacts of migraine are covered, including topics on the pathophysiology of migraine and migraine aura, the pathophysiology of the associated symptoms of photophobia and phonophobia, and the genetics of migraine. The classification and diagnostic criteria of common and uncommon subtypes of migraine are also explored in detail, including childhood variants. Issues related to the diagnosis and management of vestibular migraine and the co-morbid disorder of persistent postural-perceptual dizziness are also covered. Finally, the important comorbidities of migraine such as anxiety, depression and other forms of chronic pain are discussed, along with the current state and future directions of migraine research and management.

This book provides protocols on the preparation of synaptic vesicles from different model systems and provides instructions for functional investigations of their transport and formation, scaffolding, filling and priming, release, recycling, and degradation. Chapters guide readers through computational approaches, simulating different aspects of synaptic vesicle anatomy and function. Written in the format of the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, each chapter includes an introduction to the topic, lists necessary materials and reagents, includes tips on troubleshooting and known pitfalls, and step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Synaptic Vesicles: Methods and Protocols aims to be a useful practical guide to researchers to help further their study in this field.

This unique book clearly explains genetic and neuroimaging research on intelligence and how neuroscience findings may lead to enhancing it.

Consciousness is said to be mysterious...I find the best way to understand something is to build it. I'm a nerd go figure. So join me as I delve into the works of philosophers like David Chalmers and Daniel Dennet, neuroscientists like Bernard J Baars and Stanislas Dehaene, and even Physicists like Roger Penrose. Based on my understanding of AI and many of these philosophies I attempt to create a design of a system that might be able to become conscious. Then we consider how this compares to evolution and current medical science.Finally, we can extrapolate what this might mean for the future and what consciousness actually means.

The 4th World Congress on Genetics, Geriatrics and Neurodegenerative Diseases Research (GeNeDis 2020) focuses on the latest major challenges in scientific research, new drug targets, the development of novel biomarkers, new imaging techniques, novel protocols for early diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases, and several other scientific advances, with the aim of better, safer, and healthier aging. The increase in the average length of life leads to the development of various diseases in the elderly population. This volume focuses on the sessions from the conference on Geriatrics.

Den mikroskopiske verden er super spændende og fuld af vidt forskellige bakterierNår du kigger i et mikroskop, er det som at se ind i en anden verden fuld af sære, urolige væsener, der opfører og bevæger sig sært.Disse mystiske mikrober findes alle vegne - omkring os, på os, og inden i os. Vi lever fredeligt sammen med nogle af dem, og vi er i krig med andre.Nogle af de skabninger, du møder i denne bog, er væmmelige og farlige, mens andre er helt fantastiskeDu kan for eksempel læse om de bakterier, som får dig til at prutte, de mider, som lever i dine øjenvipper, samt den stygge form for svamp, der nærmest forvandler myrer til zombier!Tjek i ordlisten bagerst i bogen, hvis du ser ord, du ikke ved, hvad betyder.

Originally published in the UK: London: Gerald Duckworth, 1985. Originally published in the US: New York: Summit Books, 1985.