Instrumenter og instrumentering

This book is intended to provide concentrated information on the subject of torque wrenches. Torque wrenches have undergone a rapid development from simple tools to precise measuring tools. This is due to advanced mechanization, ever-improving manufacturing methods and optimization processes. While it was still possible to repair a motor vehicle with a set of wrenches in the 1970s, such an "intervention" today would be a blatant safety risk and probably also the technical end of an engine, for example. Torque wrenches have also become indispensable in the medical field. Dental implants, for example, are precisely placed and fastened with the smallest torques.Unfortunately, it can be observed that the landscape of standards and regulations - thought out and developed by experts - is often not, or only slightly, transported to the people who are supposed to implement the normative specifications. This book is intended as an introduction to the subject of torque wrenches, providing the user with basic knowledge and serving as a reference work and list of references and a usefull helper for torque wrench calibration issues.

This book presents select proceedings of the 8th International and 29th All India Manufacturing Technology, Design and Research Conference (AIMTDR 2021). It covers the recent developments in the areas of product design and development, computer-aided design, computer-aided manufacturing, computer-aided engineering, reverse engineering, modelling and simulation of manufacturing systems, simulation of manufacturing processes, vibration analysis, machine tool design and development, optimization techniques, etc. The contents of this book will be useful for students, researchers and as well as industry professionals in the various fields of mechanical engineering.

This book presents the select proceedings of the International Conference on Functional Material, Manufacturing and Performances (ICFMMP 2021), and aims to provide a comprehensive and broad-spectrum picture of the state-of-the-art research, development, and commercial prospective of various discoveries conducted in the real-world materials science applications. Various topics covered include materials science and engineering, materials property and characterization, materials applications, performance, and life cycle, ferrous and non-ferrous materials, composites, nanomaterials, ceramics and glasses, feature engineering,  polymers, etc. The book will be a valuable reference for beginners, researchers, and professionals interested in materials engineering and allied fields.

This book presents select peer-reviewed proceedings of the International Conference on Futuristic Advancements in Materials, Manufacturing, and Thermal Sciences (ICFAMMT 2022). The contents of this book provide an overview of the latest research in the area of manufacturing sciences such as metal cutting, metal forming, casting, joining, micromachining, nonconventional machining, and additive manufacturing. Some of the other themes covered in this book are metal-based additive manufacturing, polymer-based additive manufacturing, hybrid additive manufacturing, optimization approach for minimizing GD, and error in additive manufactured parts. The book will be useful for researchers and professionals working in the field of manufacturing engineering.

This book presents the progress, changes, and evolvement for apple mechanical harvest during the past decades, which include, but not limited to, bulky harvest method, harvest platform, apple infield sorting, and harvest robotics. Though there are significant progresses in apple harvest robotics, there still is a long way ahead before its practical applications, with existing and potential bottlenecks described in this book. Hence, other researchers would take advantage of this book to have a hint of the apple mechanical harvest history and state-of-the-art progress, so that they can find the room for their new research. This book targets senior undergraduates and more importantly graduate students in the field of agricultural engineering, sensing, automatic, and robotics.

This book reports on cutting-edge research and developments focusing on  integrating intelligent functionalities into materials, components, systems and products. Gathering the proceedings of the 6th International Conference on System-Integrated Intelligence (SysInt 2022), held on September 7-9, in Genova, Italy, it offers a comprehensive, multidisciplinary and applied perspective on the state-of-the art and challenges in the field of intelligent, flexible and connected systems. The book covers advanced methods and applications relating to artificial, pervasive and ubiquitous intelligence, sensors, smart factory and logistics, structural health monitoring, as well as soft robotics, cognitive systems and human-machine interaction. Giving a special focus to artificial intelligence, it  extensively reports on methods and algorithms for data-driven modeling, and agent-based data processing and planning. It aims at inspiring and fostering collaboration between researchers and professionals from the different fields of  electrical, manufacturing and production engineering, and materials and computer sciences. 

This book contains high-quality papers presented in the conference Recent Advances in Mechanical Infrastructure (ICRAM 2020) held at IITRAM, Ahmedabad, India, from 21-23 August 2020. The topics covered in this book are recent advances in thermal infrastructure, manufacturing infrastructure and infrastructure planning and design.

This book covers the whole range of gas sensing aspects starting from basics, synthesis, processing, characterization, and application developments. All sub-topics within the domain of gas sensors such as active materials, novel nanomaterials, working mechanisms, fabrication techniques, computational approach, and development of microsensors, and latest advancements such as the Internet of Things (IoT) in gas sensors, and nanogenerators, are explained as well. Related manufacturing sections and proposed direction of future research are also reviewed.Features:Covers detailed state-of-the-art specific chemiresistive sensing materials.Presents novel nanomaterial platforms and concepts for resistive gas sensing.Reviews pertinent aspects of smart sensors and IoT sensing.Explains nanotechnology-enabled experimental findings, and future directions of smart gas sensing technology.Explores implication of latest advancements such as IoT in gas sensors, and nanogenerators.This book is aimed at academic researchers and professionals in sensors and actuators, nanotechnology, and materials science.

From everyday applications to the rise of automation, devices have become ubiquitous. Specific materials are employed in specific devices because of their particular properties, including electrical, thermal, magnetic, mechanical, ferroelectric, and piezoelectric. Materials for Devices discusses materials selection for optimal application and highlights current materials developments in gas sensors, optical devices, mechanoelectrical devices, and medical and biological devices.Explains how to select the right material for the right deviceIncludes 2D materials, thin films, smart piezoelectric films, and morePresents details on organic solar cellsDescribes thin films in sensors, actuators, and LEDsCovers thin films and elastic polymers in biomedical devicesDiscusses growth and characterization of intrinsic magnetic topological insulatorsThis work is aimed at researchers, technologists, and advanced students in materials and electrical engineering and related fields who are interested in developing sensors or devices.

With rapid technological developments and lifestyle advancements, electronic sensors are being seamlessly integrated into many devices. This comprehensive handbook explores current, state-of-the-art developments in flexible and wearable sensor technology and its future challenge.

This book summarizes recent remarkable achievements in the processing-structure-property relationship of conductive polymer composites based on carbon nanomaterials. It also discusses research developments for their application in flexible strain sensors and novel processing methods like additive manufacturing.

This book provides an in-depth understanding of the fundamental scientific principles and technologies used in the design of modern computer-controlled machines and processes. It emphasizes the synergies in the design process and explores the challenges and opportunities for integrating diverse engineering disciplines. The book consists of six chapters that cover a wide range of topics related to mechatronics and control system engineering. Overall, the book is an excellent resource for professionals, engineers, researchers, and students who want to gain a comprehensive understanding of the trans-disciplinary field of mechatronics and control systems engineering.

This book intends to review emerging nanomaterials in catalysis and sensors including nanophotocatalysts in organic synthesis and health care application, oxidation and sulphoxidation reactions, liquid phase oxidation, hydrogen evolution and environmental remediation, fabrication and development of various electrochemical, and biosensors.

This book comprehensively covers smart technologies and their applications that will help during emergency situations in a single volume. It is an ideal text for graduate students, and academic researchers working in diverse engineering fields of electrical, biomedical, electronics and communication, and computer.

Conventional Flowmeters covers the origin, principle of operation, development, advantages and disadvantages, applications, and frontiers of research for conventional technology flowmeters: differential pressure and primary elements, positive displacement, turbine, open channel, and variable area.

Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is a technique employed in tactile sensing to create an image of impedance changes within a continuous sensor using electrodes placed only at the perimeter. This is advantageous for soft sensing "e-skins" being developed for applications such as robotics and human-machine interactions. EIT was originally developed for medical diagnostics and has more recently been adopted for tactile imaging, which has distinct requirements and challenges. This book explains the fundamentals of EIT at a basic level, without requiring a high level of mathematical expertise, making it an accessible text for students and newcomers to the field. It also covers applications and challenges of the method, recent developments, and practical implications.Key Features: Introduction at a basic level for newcomers to the field.Written to be accessible to the sensing communityExplanations accompanied by images and examples.All the main concepts explained in one place.Focus on tactile imaging issues.

Electric miniature drives are now present in a wide range of applications. In addition to classic mains-operated kitchen appliances, a wide variety of battery-operated devices with built-in electric motors are used in a domestic setting, from robotic vacuum cleaners through motor-operated heating valves to milk frothers. Electric miniature drives are somewhat less visible in daily use in optical devices, in laboratory automation or in special machinery construction.For electronics developers, the challenge is to keep an eye on the components of the power electronics, microcontroller and sensor technology that come together in the controlled electrical drive in a very small space from the point of view of Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) and to find marketable compromises.First, the book gives a brief overview of the development of the EMC topic and the current generalboundary conditions for bringing electric drives onto the market. After this, the effects, coupling paths and test methods for both the emitted interference and the interference immunity are presented. The sources of the different disturbances originating from a motor controller are named and linked to their effects. On this basis, the common EMC measures are then discussed step by step, and their effectiveness verified by means of the measurement result.This book is therefore aimed at users and supports them in setting up their end device in an EMC-compliant manner with a controlled miniature drive as a component. In addition, electronics developers learn the necessary basic measures to take EMC into account already in the development of motor controllers for miniature drives. If this is taken into account, such development projects can be successfully realised in an EMC-safe manner.About the content:. Challenge of EMC: Interference sources in electric drives, frequency components, from radio interference suppression to EMC. CE certification: EU directives for the operation of electric miniature drives. Interference emissions of devices: Conducted interference, coupling paths for electromagnetic interference, measurement methods and typical measurement results. Interference signals in controlled devices: Interference behaviour of a DC/DC converter, interference behaviour of a motor controller. Limiting interference emissions: Propagation paths, grounding and shielding, cable routing, filter and test results. Interference immunity of devices: Acceptance criteria, effects, measures. EMC measures for miniature drives: Integrated motor controllers, externally mounted motor controller, encoders . Additional measures to increase robustness: Coding, complementary signals (linedrivers), robustness of different interfaces

The book describes the origin, principle of operation, development, advantages and disadvantages, applications, and frontiers of research for new-technology flowmeters: Coriolis, magnetic, ultrasonic, vortex, and thermal. It focuses on the newer, faster growing flowmeter markets, while placing them in the context of more traditional meters.