Instrumenter og instrumentering

With rapid technological developments and lifestyle advancements, electronic sensors are being seamlessly integrated into many devices. This comprehensive handbook explores current, state-of-the-art developments in flexible and wearable sensor technology and its future challenges.Numerous recent efforts have improved the sensing capability and functionality of flexible and wearable sensors. However, there are still many challenges in making them super-smart by incorporating features such as self-power, self-healing, and multifunctionality. These features can be developed with the use of multifunctional nanostructured materials, unique architectural designs, and other advanced technologies. This book provides details about the recent advancements, materials, and technologies used for flexible and wearable sensors. Its wide range of topics addresses the fundamentals of flexible and wearable sensors, their working principles, and their advanced applications.This handbook provides new directions to scientists, researchers, and students to better understand the principles, technologies, and applications of sensors in healthcare, energy, and the environment.

This book is an introduction to the wide and varied world of 3D printing-an incredible technology used across an ever-growing list of industries. As 3D printing continues to skyrocket in popularity, it's increasingly important to understand how these machines work and how to apply 3D printing technology to personal and professional interests. More important still, this book highlights how surprisingly easy 3D printers can be to use, even for readers who don't consider themselves particularly tech-savvy.This book provides a comprehensive overview of 3D printing for first-time users. The text introduces some of the most popular types of 3D printing technology available, as well as some of the most exciting and compelling applications across industry today. The content dives deeply into one of the most popular and widely accessible 3D print technology on the market: fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing. The reader will learn basic FDM 3D printer anatomy, software settings, as well as the tips and tricks to master your own FDM 3D printer. The book provides a firm understanding of what FDM 3D printing excels at, its current limitations, and how to troubleshoot and overcome some of the most common 3D printing problems. The book then provides some 'STEAM-building' cross-disciplinary challenges and applications for the reader to complete at home.This book is for novice readers who might be early in their 3D printing journey. For those looking to learn more about introductory 3D printing and curious about how to get started, this is an excellent place to start. By the end of the book, the reader should have all the understanding and tools necessary to start 3D printing with confidence.

This book presents the progress, changes, and evolvement for apple mechanical harvest during the past decades, which include, but not limited to, bulky harvest method, harvest platform, apple infield sorting, and harvest robotics. Though there are significant progresses in apple harvest robotics, there still is a long way ahead before its practical applications, with existing and potential bottlenecks described in this book. Hence, other researchers would take advantage of this book to have a hint of the apple mechanical harvest history and state-of-the-art progress, so that they can find the room for their new research. This book targets senior undergraduates and more importantly graduate students in the field of agricultural engineering, sensing, automatic, and robotics.

This book provides an in-depth understanding of the fundamental scientific principles and technologies used in the design of modern computer-controlled machines and processes. It emphasizes the synergies in the design process and explores the challenges and opportunities for integrating diverse engineering disciplines. The book consists of six chapters that cover a wide range of topics related to mechatronics and control system engineering. Overall, the book is an excellent resource for professionals, engineers, researchers, and students who want to gain a comprehensive understanding of the trans-disciplinary field of mechatronics and control systems engineering.

This book reviews emerging nanomaterials in catalysis and sensors. The catalysis section covers the role of nano-photocatalysts in organic synthesis and health care application, oxidation and sulphoxidation reactions, liquid phase oxidation, hydrogen evolution and environmental remediation. It highlights the correlation of surface properties and catalytic activity of the mesoporous materials. The sensor section discusses the fabrication and development of various electrochemical, chemical, and biosensors.Features:Combines catalysis and sensor applications of nanomaterials, including detailed synthesis techniques of these materials.Explores methods of designing, engineering, and fabricating nanomaterials.Covers material efficiency, their detection limit for sensing different analytes and other properties of the materials.Discusses sustainability of nano materials in the industrial sector.Includes case studies to address the challenges faced by research and development sectors.This book is aimed at researchers and graduate students in Chemical Engineering, Nanochemistry, Water Treatment Engineering and Labs, Industries, Research Labs in Catalysis and Sensors, Environmental Engineering, and Process Engineering.

This book presents select proceedings of the 8th International and 29th All India Manufacturing Technology, Design and Research Conference (AIMTDR 2021). It covers the recent developments in the areas of product design and development, computer-aided design, computer-aided manufacturing, computer-aided engineering, reverse engineering, modelling and simulation of manufacturing systems, simulation of manufacturing processes, vibration analysis, machine tool design and development, optimization techniques, etc. The contents of this book will be useful for students, researchers and as well as industry professionals in the various fields of mechanical engineering.

This book presents the select proceedings of the International Conference on Functional Material, Manufacturing and Performances (ICFMMP 2021), and aims to provide a comprehensive and broad-spectrum picture of the state-of-the-art research, development, and commercial prospective of various discoveries conducted in the real-world materials science applications. Various topics covered include materials science and engineering, materials property and characterization, materials applications, performance, and life cycle, ferrous and non-ferrous materials, composites, nanomaterials, ceramics and glasses, feature engineering,  polymers, etc. The book will be a valuable reference for beginners, researchers, and professionals interested in materials engineering and allied fields.

This book presents the proceedings of 5th International and 20th National Conference on Machines and Mechanisms (iNaCoMM 2021) held at PDPM IIITDM Jabalpur during 9-11 December 2021. The conference was held in collaboration with the Association of Machines and Mechanisms (AMM) India and International Federation for the Promotion of Mechanism and Machine sciences (IFToMM). Various topics covered in this book include kinematics and dynamics of machines, compliant mechanisms; gear, cams and power transmission systems; mechanisms and machines for rural, agricultural and industrial applications; mechanisms for space applications; mechanisms for energy harvesting; robotics and automation; human-centric robotics; soft robotics; man-machine system, mechatronics and micro-mechanisms; CAD and CAGD; control of machines; vibration of machines & rotor dynamics; acoustic and noise; tribology; condition monitoring and failure analysis; fault diagnosis and health monitoring; biomedical engineering; and composites and advanced materials. Given the contents, the book will be useful for researchers and professionals working in the various domains of mechanical engineering. 

This book reports on cutting-edge research and developments focusing on  integrating intelligent functionalities into materials, components, systems and products. Gathering the proceedings of the 6th International Conference on System-Integrated Intelligence (SysInt 2022), held on September 7-9, in Genova, Italy, it offers a comprehensive, multidisciplinary and applied perspective on the state-of-the art and challenges in the field of intelligent, flexible and connected systems. The book covers advanced methods and applications relating to artificial, pervasive and ubiquitous intelligence, sensors, smart factory and logistics, structural health monitoring, as well as soft robotics, cognitive systems and human-machine interaction. Giving a special focus to artificial intelligence, it  extensively reports on methods and algorithms for data-driven modeling, and agent-based data processing and planning. It aims at inspiring and fostering collaboration between researchers and professionals from the different fields of  electrical, manufacturing and production engineering, and materials and computer sciences. 

This book presents select peer-reviewed proceedings of the International Conference on Futuristic Advancements in Materials, Manufacturing, and Thermal Sciences (ICFAMMT 2022). The contents of this book provide an overview of the latest research in the area of manufacturing sciences such as metal cutting, metal forming, casting, joining, micromachining, nonconventional machining, and additive manufacturing. Some of the other themes covered in this book are metal-based additive manufacturing, polymer-based additive manufacturing, hybrid additive manufacturing, optimization approach for minimizing GD, and error in additive manufactured parts. The book will be useful for researchers and professionals working in the field of manufacturing engineering.

This book comprehensively covers smart technologies and their applications that will help during emergency situations in a single volume. It is an ideal text for graduate students, and academic researchers working in diverse engineering fields of electrical, biomedical, electronics and communication, and computer.

Conventional Flowmeters covers the origin, principle of operation, development, advantages and disadvantages, applications, and frontiers of research for conventional technology flowmeters: differential pressure and primary elements, positive displacement, turbine, open channel, and variable area.

This book covers the uses, fundamental concepts, and basic operation of EIT from the perspective of tactile sensor applications, making it a helpful text for students and newcomers to the field.

The book aims to explore the state-of-the-art integration of 3D printing technology in smart sensing and energy harvesting systems. By presenting a comprehensive overview of the field, the book seeks to bridge the gap between theoretical knowledge and practical applications, serving as a valuable resource for researchers, engineers, and students.

The book describes the origin, principle of operation, development, advantages and disadvantages, applications, and frontiers of research for new-technology flowmeters: Coriolis, magnetic, ultrasonic, vortex, and thermal. It focuses on the newer, faster growing flowmeter markets, while placing them in the context of more traditional meters.

This book covers the whole range of gas sensing aspects starting from basics, synthesis, processing, characterization, and application developments. All sub-topics within the domain of gas sensors such as active materials, novel nanomaterials, working mechanisms, fabrication techniques, computational approach, and development of microsensors, and latest advancements such as the Internet of Things (IoT) in gas sensors, and nanogenerators, are explained as well. Related manufacturing sections and proposed direction of future research are also reviewed.Features:Covers detailed state-of-the-art specific chemiresistive sensing materials.Presents novel nanomaterial platforms and concepts for resistive gas sensing.Reviews pertinent aspects of smart sensors and IoT sensing.Explains nanotechnology-enabled experimental findings, and future directions of smart gas sensing technology.Explores implication of latest advancements such as IoT in gas sensors, and nanogenerators.This book is aimed at academic researchers and professionals in sensors and actuators, nanotechnology, and materials science.

This book offers a timely and comprehensive snapshot of research and developments in the fields of dynamic systems and control engineering. Covering a wide range of theoretical and practical issues, the contributions describes a number of different control approaches, such as PID control, adaptive control, nonlinear systems and control, intelligent monitoring and control based on fuzzy and neural systems, robust control systems, and real time control, among others. Sensors and actuators, measurement systems, renewable energy systems, aeronautic and aerospace systems as well as industrial control and automation, are also comprehensively covered. Based on the proceedings of the 15th APCA International Conference on Automatic Control and Soft Computing, held on July 6-8, 2022, in Caparica, Portugal, the book offers a timely and thoroughly survey of the latest research in the fields of dynamic systems and automatic control engineering, and a source of inspiration for researchers and professionals worldwide.  

This book introduces the reader to the concepts and instrumentation that emerge in an experimental approach to the photoemission process. The basic elements implemented for the technique are discussed and the geometry of the instrumentation is explained. This book covers each of the features that have been observed in the X-ray photoemission spectra and provides the tools necessary for their understanding and correct identification. Charging effects are covered in the penultimate chapter with the final chapter bringing closure to the basic uses of the X-ray photoemission process, as well as guiding the reader through some of the most popular applications used in current research.

This book describes modern focused ion beam microscopes and techniques and how they can be used to aid materials metrology and as tools for the fabrication of devices that in turn are used in many other aspects of fundamental metrology.

The Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) is the ultimate tool to see and measure structures on the nanoscale and to probe their elemental composition and electronic structure with sub-nanometer spatial resolution. Recent technological breakthroughs have revolutionized our understanding of materials via use of the TEM, and it promises to become a significant tool in understanding biological and biomolecular systems such as viruses and DNA molecules. This book is a practical guide for scientists who need to use the TEM as a tool to answer questions about physical and chemical phenomena on the nanoscale.

Every bit of information that circulates the internet across the globe is a pulse of light, that at some point will need to be converted to an electric signal in order to be processed by the electronic circuitry in our data centers, computers, and cell phones. Photodetectors (PD's) perform this conversion with ultra high speed and efficiency, in addition to being ubiquitously present in many other devices ranging from the mundane TV remote controls, to ultra high resolution instrumentation used in Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory (LIGO) that reach the edge of the universe and measure gravitational waves. The second edition of "Photodetectors" fully updates the popular first edition with updated information covering the state-of-the-art in modern photodetectors. The 2nd edition starts with basic metrology of photodetectors and common figures-of-merit to compare various devices. It follows with chapters that discuss single-photon detection with Avalanche Photodiodes; organic photodetectors that can be inkjet printed; and silicon-germanium PDs popular in burgeoning field of Silicon Photonics. Internationally recognized experts contribute chapters on one-dimensional, nanowire, PDs as well as high speed zero-dimensional, quantum dot, versions that increase the spectral span as well as speed and sensitivity of PDs and can be produced on various substrates. Solar-blind PDs that operate in harsh environments such as deep space, or rocket engines, are reviewed and new devices in GaN technology . Novel Plasmonic PDs, as well as devices which employ micro-plasma of confined charge in order to make devices that overcome speed limitation of transfer of electronic charge, are covered in other chapters. Using different, novel technologies, CMOS compatible devices are described in two chapters, and ultra high speed PDs that use low-temperature-grown GaAs (LT-GaAs) to detect fast THz signals are reviewed in another chapter. Photodetectors used in application areas of Silicon-Photonics and Microwave-Photonics are reviewed in final chapters of this book. All chapters are of a review nature, providing a perspective of the field before concentrating on particular advancements. As such, the book should appeal to a wide audience that ranges from those with general interest in the topic, to practitioners, graduate students and experts who are interested in the state-of-the-art in photodetection.