Procesteknologi

This collection explores the methods and challenges of containing corrosive and abrasive materials at extreme temperatures, whether they are used across commodities or technology specific. There is much to be learned from cross-commodity and cross-technology perspectives and this collection creates a platform for the exchange of ideas on the challenges, solutions, failures, and successes in furnace containment designs and applications while bringing together perspectives from industry, design houses, and research institutions. Topics include, but are not limited to: · Advances in furnace lining design philosophies· Advances in furnace design configurations and other design considerations· Problems experienced and their solutions implemented during construction and commissioning· Integration of new concepts into old smelters· Back to basics: refractory materials, shells, and cooling systems· Maintaining and monitoring· Process control and slag design· Lessons learned

This collection covers various aspects of the fundamentals, synthesis, analysis, design, monitoring, and control of metals, materials, and metallurgical processes and phenomena. This volume will focus on the fundamentals of iron and steel production including ladle processing, casting, rolling, forging, and subsequent surface treatments. Topics represented include, but are not limited to: ¿ Use of artificial intelligence or big data in the control or optimization of industrial processes¿ Modelling or optimization of recycle streams and scrap loops¿ Measurement and control in hostile environments¿ Modeling transport phenomena in materials processing and metallurgical processes involving iron, steel, nonferrous metals, and composites¿ Thermodynamics, kinetics, andphysical chemistry of materials processes and modelling thereof

This book provides a summary of the essential knowledge and working processes involved with control of rotating equipment including:machine characteristics;overall control strategies;detailed design; andbest practices.Emphasis is placed on the role of pumps and compressors as part of the overall process flow rather than treating them in isolation as this tends to optimize energy efficiency.Readers are made aware of the critical roles of rotating equipment and are given a good understanding of their dynamic behaviors, including surge/choke. The author imparts the practical know-how and skills involved in the design and implementation of capacity and anti-surge control and safe-guarding logic. Furthermore, the book discusses real-time monitoring of solutions based on operational requirements, dynamic models for control of supply and demand, cause-and-effect relationships, the useof online and offline data, and collaboration with other engineering disciplines. The text facilitates support for the day-to-day operation of in-house open-platform compressor control applications, encouraging the growth of analytic skills in troubleshooting and fixing common problems; it also inculcates a basic understanding of the principles of third-party proprietary technologies and supports decision-making between in-house and third-party solutions.Process engineers working in the oil-and-gas, refining, petrochemical, and chemical industries who bear responsibility for designing control solutions involving pumps and compressors will find this book an invaluable source of practical advice. This book also helps engineers working on design and maintenance of rotating equipment to understand the perspectives and requirements of process control.

This book offers a comprehensive collection of typical tasks from technical thermodynamics. It is ideal for preparing written and oral examinations at university. It contains 180 tasks that are solved in detail. Alternative solution strategies are often shown and discussed. The book is interesting for all engineering students who have to take an exam in thermodynamics. A problem-orientated approach is followed and a systematic method for solving the tasks is developed. Theoretical correlations and thermodynamic fundamentals are solved by means of concrete tasks. In addition to comprehension questions, the book contains numerous typical calculation problems. Here, too, the basics are summarised and solutions respectively solution strategies are discussed. These are conceived to provide students with strategies and tools to solve complex tasks. All these exercises should help to deepen the physical knowledge. The greater the technical competence, the more confidently one can face the exam! At best, the tasks will help you to have fun and enjoy thermodynamics! This book is a perfect complement to my textbook "Technical Thermodynamics for Engineers".

In today's society researchers are more focused on cleaner materials production for environmental sustainability. This approach aims at reducing waste and the development of materials with enhanced properties and functionality. This book focuses on optimizing manufacturing processes for sustainable composite materials. It discusses optimum utilization of resources by using minimum effort to save cost and energy.

This book presents various concepts and applications related to risk-conscious operations management. It also provides an overview of the risk-based engineering ¿ fundamental to the concept of risk-conscious operations management. It presents the reliability concept to support Dependency Modelling, which includes hardware systems structures and components for reliability improvement and risk reduction. The book further develops and builds attributes and model for risk-conscious culture ¿ critical to characterize operational approach to risk and presents human factor modelling, where it works on developing an approach for human error precursor analysis. This book will be useful for students, researchers, academicians and professionals working on identifying risk and reliability issues in complex safety and mission critical systems. It will also be beneficial for industry risk-and-reliability experts and operational safety staff working in the complex engineering systems.

This book covers the most important subjects of digital twin in a process plant, including foundations, methods, achievements, and applications in a brownfield environment. Besides offering a variety of applications and procedural variants from research and industrial practice, this book also provides a comprehensive insight into holistic plant planning. It also discusses the challenges that currently exist in different application areas. This book would be of interest to industry professionals and researchers in industrial and manufacturing engineering.

This book presents a novel method of engineering to create advanced frugal products from scratch. It outlines a frugal design and frugal manufacturing approach, and delineates concepts and principles underlying different types of frugal innovations. The contents present advanced frugal innovations (AFIs) in a variety of sectors bringing out their widespread presence in rich and emerging economies of the world. This book discusses applications of such innovations in aerospace, automotive, healthcare, particle-physics, and other important sectors, emphasizing the significant potential of frugal engineering. AFIs are not jugaad, rather, they are engineered to harness frugality with cutting-edge research using classical and modern scientific principles. Frugal engineering uses advances in science and other knowledge-areas, including 3D printing, biomimetics, artificial intelligence, Industry 4.0, and others, to frugalize pillars of engineering in modern problems. This book willbe of interest to academics, industry professionals, policymakers, product designers and developers, among others. It introduces the reader to the wonderful world of frugal engineering. In doing so, this book shines light on the significant difference that meticulous creation of these innovations through systematic application of science, engineering, and other knowledge-bases can make to the cause of sustainable development. Frugal engineering of AFIs is indispensable to achieving the sustainable development goals. We can help manage our every growing need for energy and resources effectively by going frugal in the current age of climate change.

This second edition builds on the foundation established by the previous first edition published in 2017. The first edition covered background information, description, and analysis of four major cooling system technologies - vapor compression cooling, evaporative cooling, absorption cooling, and gas cooling. The second edition has been expanded to include increased coverage of cooling system refrigerants, fluid mechanics, heat transfer, and building cooling loads. With increasing climate change due to the buildup of greenhouse gas emissions in the atmosphere, there has been a worldwide impetus to transition to cooling systems and refrigerants that have a low or even zero global warming potential. The text is written as a tutorial for engineering students and practicing engineers who want to become more familiar with the performance of refrigeration and air conditioning systems. The goals are to familiarize the reader with cooling technology nomenclature and provide insight into how refrigeration and air conditioning systems can be modeled and analyzed. Emphasis is placed on constructing idealized thermodynamic cycles to represent actual physical situations in cooling systems. The book contains numerous practical examples to show how one can calculate the performance of cooling system components. By becoming familiar with the analyses presented in the examples, one can gain a feel for representative values of the various thermal and mechanical parameters that characterize cooling systems. 

This book captures the author's 35+ years of learning & experience in the semiconductor chip industry to provide a proven roadmap for successful, new product introduction process, tailored specifically to the semiconductor industry. The content includes a simplified process flow, success metrics, execution guidelines, checklists & calculators. The presentation is based on a product engineering centric "e;NPI hub"e; and the author guides readers through the complete process of semiconductor new product introduction, ensuring a successful plan execution.

This book provides an industry-oriented data analytics approach for process engineers, including data acquisition methods and sources, exploratory data analysis and sensitivity analysis, data-based modelling for prediction, data-based modelling for monitoring and control, and data-based optimization of processes. While many of the current data analytics books target business-related problems, the rationale for this book is a specific need to understand and select applicable data analytics approaches pragmatically to analyze process engineering¿related problems; this tailored solution for engineers gets amalgamated with governing equations, and in several cases, with the physical understanding of the phenomenon being analyzed. We also consider this book strategically conceived to help map Education 4.0 with Industry 4.0 since it can support undergraduate and graduate students to gain valuable and applicable data analytics stills that can be further used in their workplace. Moreover, itcan be used as a reference book for professionals, a quick reference to data analytics tools that can facilitate and/or optimize their process engineering tasks.

This book covers advanced theories and methods in the field of heat and mass transfer, which are expected to improve thermal systems performance and energy efficiency. It reports on novel findings relating to a wide range of topics in industry, building, transportation and agriculture. Offering a good balance of fundamental and applied research, this book provides scientists, engineers and other professionals with a timely snapshot on advances in thermal science, renewable energies and sustainable energy technologies. It also offers a source of inspiration for future research and collaborations.

This proposed book chapter is expected to provide the readers with wide aspects of green technologies for industrial waste remediation. The first chapter is dedicated to the introduction to the title of the book. The chapter discusses various green technologies for industrial waste remediation. After that, the second chapter emphasizes the different types of applications of microorganisms in industrial waste treatment. After that, chapters emphasize the specific area of the title, including the micro and nanofiltration technology for the treatment of industrial wastewater, methods for the recovery and removal of heavy metals from industrial effluents, algal photobioreactor technology for industrial wastewater treatment, carbon capture and energy recovery, bioremediation of radioactive wastes, membrane-based technologies for industrial waste management, valorization of agro-industrial wastes for biorefinery products, bioaccumulation and detoxification of metals through genetically engineered microorganism, application of biochar in waste remediation, constructed wetlands for industrial wastewater remediation, bioelectrochemical treatment of recalcitrant pollutants, microplastics, petrochemicals including BTEX, applications of biosorbents in industrial wastewater treatment, Microbial biofilm reactor for sustainable wastewater treatment, dye adsorption and degradation using microbial consortium, sustainable treatment of endocrine disruptive chemicals released from industries, biological nanomaterials for industrial wastewater management, vermifiltration as a natural, cost-effective and green technology for biomanagement of industrial wastewater, biocatalytic remediation of industrial pollutants, and green treatment of poly aromatic hydrocarbons released from industrial waste. All the chapters cover various aspects of sustainable management of industrial wastes covering relevant literature and data.Further, this book discusses the various advanced techniques/methods adopted for the enhancement of waste management, like the application of nanoparticles. This book discusses other related topics such as algal photobioreactors for carbon dioxide sequestration. Further, chapters are included to discuss about life cycle assessment of the wastewater treatment tools and commercialization aspects.

This book reports on research and developments in the field of 3D printing, with a special emphasis on methods to analyse the products of additive manufacturing, and optimize different steps of the manufacturing process. Gathering selected contributions to the 2nd Advances in Additive Manufacturing Conference (AIAM' 2023), held on Mai 18-20, 2023, in Hammamet, Tunisia, this book covers a variety of topics, including: analysis of microstructure and material behavior, numerical simulation and model techniques for optimization of manufacturing processes, machine learning for quality control and automated monitoring, among others. Offering a good balance of fundamental research and industrially relevant findings, this book provides researchers and professionals with a timely snapshot of and extensive information on current developments in the field and a source of inspiration for future research and collaboration.

This book focuses on the advances of additive manufacturing in the applications of wearable electronics, energy storage, biomedical implants and devices, drug delivery, and technologies for 4D printing, large-scale printing, and ceramics printing. It provides timely insights into the materials, functionalities, and applications of additive manufacturing.

Seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) is the dominant desalination process worldwide for obtaining fresh water from the sea. The subject matter and scope of this book is the conceptual and advanced planning, design and engineering of plants of this desalination process together with the associated facilities for seawater pretreatment, post-treatment of the product water, wastewater treatment, seawater extraction and plant discharge.The book is intended to be used by technicians, engineers, economists and ecologists in the planning, design and operation of SWRO plants, as an educational and training tool, as well as an aid in environmental licensing of membrane desalination plants, and by interested laypersons for information about this process.The two volumes are also available as a set.

Seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) is the dominant desalination process worldwide for obtaining fresh water from the sea. The subject matter and scope of this book is the conceptual and advanced planning, design and engineering of plants of this desalination process together with the associated facilities for seawater pretreatment, post-treatment of the product water, wastewater treatment, seawater extraction and plant discharge.The book is intended to be used by technicians, engineers, economists and ecologists in the planning, design and operation of SWRO plants, as an educational and training tool, as well as an aid in environmental licensing of membrane desalination plants, and by interested laypersons for information about this process.The two volumes are also available as a set.

This text provides the undergraduate chemical engineering student with the necessary tools for problem solving in chemical or bio-engineering processes. In a friendly, simple, and unified framework, the exposition aptly balances theory and practice. It uses minimal mathematical concepts, terms, algorithms, and describes the main aspects of chemical process optimization using MATLAB and GAMS. Numerous examples and case studies are designed for students to understand basic principles of each optimization method and elicit the immediate discovery of practical applications. Problem sets are directly tied to real-world situations most commonly encountered in chemical engineering applications. Chapters are structured with handy learning summaries, terms and concepts, and problem sets, and individually reinforce the basics of particular optimization methods. Additionally, the wide breadth of topics that may be encountered in courses such as Chemical Process Optimization, Chemical Process Engineering, Optimization of Chemical Processes, are covered in this accessible text. The book provides formal introductions to MATLAB, GAMS, and a revisit to pertinent aspects of undergraduate calculus. While created for coursework, this text is also suitable for independent study. A full solutions manual is available to instructors who adopt the text for their course.

This book includes the proceedings of the 3rd International Congress on Engineering and Sustainability in the XXI CEntury, INCREaSE 2023. INCREaSE is a congress with the aim to bring together valuable and novel scientific contributions that address the critical issues of renewable energy, sustainable building, sustainable manufacturing, sustainable food production and other sustainability science and engineering topics that have an impact in this diverse and fast-changing research area, both in academia and industry. This 3rd edition of INCREaSE was held during July 5-7, 2023, in Faro, Portugal, organized by the Institute of Engineering and hosted by University of Algarve. The areas to be covered were:¿ Big data and data analytics applied to sustainability;¿ Climate change and mitigation, carbon reduction;¿ Combined heat and power and district heating systems;¿ Control and optimization of renewable energy systems;¿ Energy and environmental assessment in buildings and cities;¿ Food loss and food waste solutions;¿ Food safety and quality engineering;¿ Information technology and artificial intelligence applied to sustainability;¿ Nanoelectronic, nanomachining, and new nanomaterials;¿ Smart buildings, smart cities, smart districts, smart countryside;¿ Sustainability in water management;¿ Sustainable building technologies;¿ Sustainable development and circular economy;¿ Sustainable energy generation and management;¿ Sustainable food processing and packaging;¿ Sustainable manufacturing and maintenance processes and technology;¿ Sustainable technologies for risk mitigations;¿ Sustainable transport, smart vehicles and smart roads; and¿ Thermo fluids modelling and experiments for sustainability. High quality and unpublished content is an essential feature for all included papers. Moreover, the Organizing Committee of the conference guarantees that contributions were subjected to an appropriate level of reviewing process.

Process integration and intensification are means to improve the sustainability metrics of the industrial processes, balancing the pillars of economy, environment, and social demand. The book covers a sequential framework for the design and operation of microalgae-based facilities using process integration and intensifi cation, discusses products and applications,and provides a global perspective with contributions from renowned experts. Covers relevant opportunities of process integration and intensification applied to microalgae-based systems. Provides a complete review of the state of the art of these industrial approaches. Presents new insights into industrial sustainability.

This book provides an excellent platform for understanding the chemical processes involved in food transformation. Starting with the examination of major food components, such as water, carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and minerals, the author further introduces the biochemistry of digestion and energy metabolism of food ingredients. The last section of the book is devoted to modern food technologies and their future perspectives.

This contributed volume provides a critical review of research in the field of Electrochemical Promotion of Catalysis (EPOC). It presents recent developments during the past decade that have led to a better understanding of the field and towards applications of the EPOC concept. The chapters focus on the implementation of EPOC for developing sinter-resistant catalysts, catalysts for hydrogen production, ammonia production and carbon dioxide valorization. The book also highlights the developments towards electropromoted dispersed catalysts and for self-sustained electrochemical promotion which are currently expanding. This authoritative analysis of EPOC is useful for various scientific communities working at the interface of heterogeneous catalysis, solid state electrochemistry and materials science. It is of particular interest to groups whose research focuses on developments towards a better and more sustainable future.

Additive manufacturing classification is one of the biggest issues faced by AM community. The book provides a comprehensive classification of AM, which can be useful to anyone working in any area of manufacturing. As the classification depends on the interrelation of various AM processes, the book provides concise and critical information of those processes, which can be helpful to anyone looking for a concise book on AM. The book provides original information unavailable in research papers.

In diesem Buch wird das Laser-Pulver-Auftragschweißen betrachtet, ein variabel einsetzbares generatives Fertigungsverfahren, das spezifische Vorteile in den Industriezweigen Beschichten, Reparieren und mittlerweile auch in der additiven Fertigung (3D-Druck) aufweist. Um das vollständige Potenzial als ressourcenschonende Technologie nutzen zu können, sind jedoch noch unterschiedliche Aufgabenstellungen entlang der Prozesskette zu optimieren. In der Anwendung lassen sich starke Abhängigkeiten zwischen der Bauteilgeometrie und dem Prozess beobachten, sodass nach heutigem Stand keine einheitliche Aufbaustrategie für beliebige Bauteile angewendet werden kann. Durch signifikante Unterschiede der thermischen Randbedingungen im Prozess und zwischen den Bauteilgeometrien wird oftmals eine variierende Prozessstabilität und damit auch Bauteilqualität beobachtet. Es ist somit stets eine iterative, meist experimentelle Prozessoptimierung notwendig. Diese erfordert Expertenwissen und geht mit hohenRessourcenkosten sowie langen Entwicklungszeiten einher. Folglich ist eine breite Industrialisierung dieses Verfahrens speziell für die additive Fertigung nach wie vor eingeschränkt. Um diesem Defizit entgegenzuwirken, wird in dem vorliegenden Buch eine temperaturadaptive Prozessauslegung vorgestellt. Auf Grundlage von empirisch ermittelten Daten und einer thermischen Simulation wird eine automatisierte Generierung einer angepassten Prozessstrategie für beliebige Bauteile ermöglicht.

This book aims at providing a computational framework of radiative heat transfer in participating media. The book mainly helps engineers and researchers develop their own codes for radiative transfer analysis, starting from simple benchmark problems and extending further to industry scale problems. The computations related to radiative heat transfer are very relevant in iron and steel manufacturing industries, rocket exhaust designing, fire resistance testing, and atmospheric and solar applications. The methods to accurately treat the non-gray nature of the participating gases such as H2O, CO2, and CO are discussed along with considering particle radiation. The solver development based on these methods and its application to a variety of industry problems and different kind of geometries is a significant attraction in the book. The last section of the book deals with the use of artificial neural networks and genetic algorithm-based optimization technique for solving practical problems of process parameter optimization in industry. This book is a comprehensive package taking the readers from the basics of radiative heat transfer in participating media to equip them with their own solvers and help to apply to industry problems.

This book looks deeply into the prospects for using ethanol as a greener alternative to fossil fuels and the technical and scientific issues that surround them. Ethanol, with its numerous advantages, has emerged as a promising contender to replace gasoline as a fuel source. Currently, it is commercially available as a blend with gasoline, commonly known as E10 and E25, utilizing various ratios of ethanol. Despite its clear benefits over gasoline, the widespread adoption of ethanol as a fuel remains hindered by its limited availability. In this insightful book, we aim to explore the multifaceted challenges surrounding ethanol's full integration into our energy landscape, employing a comprehensive approach through review manuscripts. Leading worldwide experts, known for their deep understanding of ethanol as a fuel, have contributed to the book. Their valuable insights and contributions enrich the book's content, offering readersa comprehensive exploration of the subject matter. This book is a compelling resource for researchers, energy professionals, and anyone interested in understanding the challenges and opportunities associated with the integration of ethanol as a substitute for gasoline.

This book explores recent advances in the microbial production of xylitol and its applications in food and medical sector. Xylitol is an important biomolecule from lignocellulose biorefinery which is produced from the xylose by chemical reactions or microbial fermentation methods. Currently, the demand of xylitol at commercial scale is being met through chemical methods. However, recent breakthroughs made in plant cell wall destruction, genetic engineering to develop the designer microorganisms, fermentation methods and media formulations and downstream processing have led the ways for sustainable production of xylitol at commercial scale in lignocellulose biorefineries. Microbial production of xylitol is preferred over the chemical processes as it is environmentally friendly, higher process efficiency with the desired product yield, and product recovery with minimum impurities. This book is a unique compilation of 11 book chapters written by experts in their respective fields. These chapters present critical insights and discuss the current progress and future progress in this area into fermentative xylitol production.Chapter 9 is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. For further details see license information in the chapter.