Tekstiler og fibre

Applied Plastics Engineering Handbook: Processing, Sustainability, Materials, and Applications, Third Edition presents the fundamentals of plastics engineering, helping bring readers up-to-speed on new plastics, materials, processing and technology. This revised and expanded edition includes the latest developments in plastics, including areas such as biodegradable and biobased plastics, plastic waste, smart polymers, and 3D printing. Sections cover traditional plastics, elastomeric materials, bio-based materials, additives, colorants, fillers and plastics processing, including various key technologies, plastic recycling and waste. The final part of the book examines design and applications, with substantial updates made to reflect advancements in technology, regulations, and commercialization. Throughout the handbook, the focus is on engineering aspects of producing and using plastics. Properties of plastics are explained, along with techniques for testing, measuring, enhancing, and analyzing them. Practical introductions to both core topics and new developments make this work equally valuable for newly qualified plastics engineers seeking the practical rules-of-thumb they don't teach you in school and experienced practitioners evaluating new technologies or getting up-to-speed in a new field.

Magiske syprojekter12 sy-projekter til nye elever i magisk syning – og et udførligt kapitel om syteknikker, så alle kan være med! Bogens modeller kan kombineres til en komplet, magisk skoleuniform, eller du kan bruge de tidløse modeller som grundmønstre til din hverdagsgarderobe. Med de grundige trin for trin-vejledninger kan du nemt komme i gang med at sy dit helt eget unikke tøj i Hogwarts-stil!

Membrane techniques are an excellent alternative to traditional methods of purification and separation. This book covers issues related to the most recent developments in the field of membrane techniques. The latest scientific research and their potential applications in industrial solutions are described. In addition, currents trends in food & beverages technologies, and biomedicine are discussed. Moreover, the book emphasizes recent advancements in design of membrane systems, used either for separation or creation of mixtures, from the perspective of industry 4.0 and data management.

Architectures of Weaving bridges architecture and textile by exploring fiber architectures from the micro scale of biological systems to the macro scale of textile and built structures. Selected case studies, essays, and interviews reflect on cultural practices and materials research through the lens of textile thinking. In the quest for sustainable and resilient approaches that meet the challenges of our time, the book presents fascinating approaches heralding a paradigm shift by working with fibrous materiality: structures become flexible and adaptive, they interact with their environment. As a source of inspiration, the book assembles exceptional contributions from the fields of architecture, art, material science, cultural history, design, engineering, mathematics, microbiology, and textile technology.

Disposal and Recycling Strategies for Nano-engineered Materials enables the reader to understand and implement the latest methods for the safe disposal and re-use of nanomaterials found in the environment at end-of-life. Sections introduce nanomaterials, their general classification, properties, and preparation techniques before providing an overview and analysis of common disposal strategies. This is followed by in-depth chapters that focus on important steps and innovative strategies in dealing with waste nanomaterials, including sampling, classification and identification of waste materials, green technologies and biodegradation strategies, physico-chemical disposal, integrated technologies to prevent or control nanomaterial wastes entering the environment, and more. This is a valuable resource for researchers, advanced students, engineers, and scientists, with an interest in nanomaterials, their life cycle, waste, and recycling, water treatment, chemical engineering, environmental science, materials science, chemistry, and sustainability.

Application of Gellan Gum as a Biomedical Polymer details key topics and fundamental aspects of gellan gum and its biomedical applications in drug delivery, proteins and peptides delivery, cell delivery, tissue engineering, wound dressings and enzyme immobilizations in developing high quality products. Sections introduce gellan gum, its source, production and gelation mechanism, discuss biomedical materials, and provides ways it can be used for biomedical applications. The book also examines the used of gellan gum as pharmaceutical excipients for drug delivery. Future developments and challenges round out the book's coverage.With contributions for an international group of experts, this book is a useful reference for scientists, researchers and those in industry engaged in biomedical product development using natural polysaccharides.

Functional and Technical Textiles covers recent advances in technology, properties and performance of high-tech yarns and structures and their applications in different sectors of the smart and technical textile fields. Applications, including many that go beyond apparel, where high tech and functional structural fabrics are used as reinforcements for composites, medical implants and geotextiles are covered. The book also describes the latest technologies for producing versatile products for these diversified applications. Finally, the book makes a survey of the latest research in technical textiles and its various structures, properties and applications in composites, medical textiles, geotextiles, industrial textiles, and more.

On the manufacturing shop floor, the principle of "value comes from the production of parts rather than charts" crucially applies when using practical statistical process control (SPC). The production worker should need to enter only a sample's measurements to get immediately actionable information as to whether corrective action (e.g., as defined by a control plan's reaction plan) is necessary for an out-of-control situation, and should not have to perform any calculations, draw control charts, or use sophisticated statistical software. This book's key benefit for readers consists of spreadsheet-deployable solutions with all the mathematical precision of a vernier along with the simplicity of a stone ax.Traditional SPC relies on the assumption that sufficient data are available with which to estimate the process parameters and set suitable control limits. Many practical applications involve, however, short production runs for which no process history is available. There are nonetheless tested and practical control methods such as PRE-Control and short-run SPC that use the product specifications to set appropriate limits. PRE-Control relies solely on the specification limits while short-run SPC starts with the assumption that the process is capable-that is, at least a 4-sigma process, and works from there to set control limits. Cumulative Sum (CUSUM) and exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) charts also can be used for this purpose. Specialized charts can also track multiple part characteristics, and parts with different specifications, simultaneously. This is often useful, for example, where the same tool is engaged in mixed-model production.Readers will be able to deploy practical and simple control charts for production runs for which no prior history is available and control the processes until enough data accumulate to enable the traditional methods (assuming it ever does). They will be able to track multiple product features with different specifications and also control mixed-model applications in which a tool generates very short runs of parts with different specifications. The methods will not require software beyond readily available spreadsheets, nor will they require specialized tables that are not widely available. Process owners and quality engineers will be able to perform all supporting calculations in Microsoft Excel, and without the need for advanced software.

Many of the earliest books, particularly those dating back to the 1900s and before, are now extremely scarce and increasingly expensive. We are republishing these classic works in affordable, high quality, modern editions, using the original text and artwork.

This book contains classic material dating back to the 1900s and before. The content has been carefully selected for its interest and relevance to a modern audience. Carefully selecting the best articles from our collection we have compiled a series of historical and informative publications on the subject of leather. The titles in this range include "A Guide to the Decoration of Leather" "Tools for Leatherwork" "The Vegetable Tanning Process" and many more. Each publication has been professionally curated and includes all details on the original source material. This particular instalment, "Hides and Skins for Leather" contains information on the materials used in leather production. It is intended to illustrate the main aspects of skin preparation and serves as a guide for anyone wishing to obtain a general knowledge of the subject and understand the field in its historical context. We are republishing these classic works in affordable, high quality, modern editions, using the original text and artwork.

Im Forschungsprojekt wurden zwei verschiedene PLA-Typen - reines PLLA und reines PDLA mit jeweils Schmelztemperaturen von 180 °C - mittels Compoundierung im Technikumsmaßstab geblendet, um die PLA-Stereokomplexstruktur (scPLA) zu generieren. Dabei wurde mit einer innovativen Prozessführung das scPLA-Blend während der Extrusion mit einem Massedurchsatz vom 2 kg/h in Pulverform ausgefällt. Die Stereokomplex-Struktur konnte zu 100 % generiert und der Schmelzbereich im Thermogramm komplett um 55 °C auf 235 °C erhöht werden. Zwar konnte das scPLA-Blend zu einem Garn weiterverarbeitet werden, jedoch liegt die Festigkeit dieses Garns mit ca. 23 cN/tex weit unterhalb der Festigkeiten von PLA-Garnen, die derzeit auf dem Markt verfügbar sind. Die Begründung für das Nicht-Erreichen der angestrebten, hohen Festigkeit ist ein Entmischen das scPLA-Blends während der Extrusion. Eine Modifikation der klassischen Schmelzspinnanlage (u. a. Mischtorpedo und statische Mischer in der Schmelzeleitung) ist notwendig, um die Stereokomplex-Kristallstruktur während der Extrusion und beim Ausspinnen aufrechtzuerhalten bzw. weiter auszuprägen und damit die höhere Festigkeit generieren zu können. Dieser neu aufgetretene Entwicklungsaufwand sowie die Anlagenmodifikation konnten nicht im Rahmen des Forschungsprojektes realisiert werden. Mit auf dem Markt verfügbaren PLA-Materialien wurden Bikofasern mit einer Mantel-Kern-Struktur entwickelt. Dabei wurde ein teilkristallines PLA in den Kern und ein amorphes PLA in den Mantel geführt. Aus den Bikofasern wurden Single-Polymer-Faserverbundwerkstoffe und endlosfaserverstärkte Monofilamente für den 3D-Druck hergestellt. Dabei generiert der teilkristalline Kern die Festigkeit und mit dem amorphen Mantel kann die Form vorgegeben werden. Ebenso wurde die biologische Abbaubarkeit der verschiedenen PLA-Materialien in Faserform untersucht.

This is the only book on the chemistry of textile fibres aimed at 'A' level students and first-year undergraduates.

Measurement uncertainty is an important component of modern materials analysis: it indicates the boundaries within which the test results can be trusted. Such results are necessary for understanding of, for example, material and product tolerances and lifetimes, vital for plastic product reliability and safety.Determination of measurement uncertainty is normally quite laborious, but this book shows how the available interlaboratory test data for plastics can be used to calculate measurement uncertainty much more simply. It contains many interlaboratory test results in the fields of thermoanalysis, molar mass determination, and quantitative analysis of the composition of material, presented in tables and graphical charts, discussed in the text, and elaborated by practical examples.In addition to the evaluation by means of the presented data (top-down approach), the relationship to the bottom-up approach specified in the Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM) is explained based on an example. Further sections deal with sampling, and the issue of whether or not the difference between analytical results is significant.

Single-screw or twin-screw extruder? When the need to produce a homogenous polymer melt occurs in the industrial environment, both product attributes and equipment cost must be evaluated. For many applications both the single and twin-screw extruder will produce the desired homogeneous melt needed to form the product through an extrusion die. Some applications such as dispersive mixing of solids in a polymer matrix are best accomplished in a twin-screw extruder. On the other hand, applications involving chemical reactions, color concentrate distributive mixing, and in line polymer-polymer distributive mixing can be accomplished with either device.However, for the same production rate, twin-screw extruders are generally more expensive than single-screw extruders with a diameter less than 200 mm. Therefore, a thorough understanding is needed for the concepts of solids conveying, melting, and mixing for the two types of extruders to make appropriate process acquisition decisions. This book covers engineering and technology concepts that should aid the practitioner in comparing these two types of extrusion equipment relative to process requirements.

This vintage book contains some concise but useful facts about leather, boots, and shoes. Although old, much of the information contained within this volume is timeless and will be of considerable utility to modern readers. From the manufacturing of leather to things to consider when buying leather boots, this volume contains information that will benefit those with an interest in leather footwear. Contents include: "Hide Dealers", "Leather Manufacturers", "Character of Leather", "Shoddy", "Effect of Oil on Leather", "Description of Cuts", "Cost of Making goods", "A 'Good Fit' Desirable", "What Boots to Buy", "We Sell to Jobbers Only", and "One Hundred Dollars Reward". Many vintage books such as this are increasingly scarce and expensive. We are republishing this volume now in an affordable, modern edition complete with a specially commissioned new introduction on leather crafting. First published in 1872.